技能高考,語(yǔ)法,名詞

1、1 1、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞；、可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞；2 2、名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)、名詞的單、復(fù)數(shù); ; 3 3、名詞的所有格；、名詞的所有格；4 4、名詞作定語(yǔ)、名詞作定語(yǔ); ;大綱考點(diǎn)分析大綱考點(diǎn)分析- How many does a cow have?- Four. AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomachies 2. The _ of the building are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs3. When the farmer retur

2、ned home he found three _ missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep DSheepies4. Some _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGermanBGermen CGermansDGermens5. _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Christmas. A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses6. Mr Smith has two _, both of whom

3、 are teachers in a school. Abrothers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-lawsDbrothers-in law7. He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. (NMET95) A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; work D. wealth; works 8. Can you give us some _ about the writer? Ainformations Binformation Cpiece

4、of informations Dpieces information9. Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today. A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge 10. Would you like_ , sir? No, thanks. I have had much. Asome more oranges Bany more orangesCsome more orange Dany more orangeA:

5、專有名詞專有名詞 (Proper nouns)B:普通名詞普通名詞 (Common nouns)Countable nouns (可數(shù)名詞可數(shù)名詞)Uncountable nouns (不可數(shù)名詞不可數(shù)名詞)Individual Nouns （個(gè)體名詞（個(gè)體名詞） Collective Nouns （集體名詞（集體名詞 ）Abstract Nouns （抽象名詞（抽象名詞 ）Material Nouns （物質(zhì)名詞（物質(zhì)名詞 ）二、數(shù)二、數(shù)(Number)A: Singular number (單數(shù)單數(shù))B: Plural number (復(fù)數(shù)復(fù)數(shù)) （1）一般的詞，包括）一般的詞，包括元音字

6、母加元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，直接結(jié)尾的詞，直接 在詞尾加在詞尾加s（2）以）以-s, -x, -ch, -sh結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加結(jié)尾的詞在詞尾加es（3）以）以輔音字母加輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞，變結(jié)尾的詞，變y為為i再加再加es（4）以）以f或或fe結(jié)尾的詞，應(yīng)變結(jié)尾的詞，應(yīng)變f或或fe為為v再加再加-es1.規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化:2. 不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化不規(guī)則名詞單復(fù)數(shù)變化:（1）單復(fù)數(shù)同形）單復(fù)數(shù)同形:sheep, deer, fish, means, species, species, works(工廠工廠,作品作品),Chinese, Japanese, Swiss （2）

7、改變字母：）改變字母：man -men, woman -women, policeman -policemen, saleswoman -saleswomen, foot -feet, tooth -teeth, goose -geese, mouse -mice （3）增加字母）增加字母: child -children, ox -oxen（4）以）以o結(jié)尾的詞：結(jié)尾的詞： 加加s: photo, radio, piano, zoo, studio, bamboo, tobacco, kangroo 加加es: tomato, potato, hero, Negro （黑人，英雄愛吃土豆和西

8、紅柿）（黑人，英雄愛吃土豆和西紅柿） 另：另：zero （zeros或或 zeroes） （5）以）以f或或fe結(jié)尾的詞結(jié)尾的詞: 直接加直接加s：roof, proof, belief, chief, gulf, 變變f為為v再加再加es：life, wife, knife, half, leaf, wolf, thief（小偷的妻子用半把小刀殺死了狼的生命，然后用半片（小偷的妻子用半把小刀殺死了狼的生命，然后用半片樹葉蓋上。）樹葉蓋上。） 3. 3. 名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊情況名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的特殊情況: :集體名詞只用作復(fù)數(shù)：集體名詞只用作復(fù)數(shù)：police , cattle , people ,

9、the youth(2) 集體名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞集體名詞用作不可數(shù)名詞: clothing, jewellery, furniture, luggage (baggage),wealth(3) 集體名詞視具體情況而定單復(fù)數(shù)：集體名詞視具體情況而定單復(fù)數(shù)： family, class, population, staff, couple, public, group, team, party, club, company, government (4) 只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞: clothes, trousers, jeans, twins, glasses, goods , th

10、anks, wishes(5) 以以s結(jié)尾但不表示復(fù)數(shù)結(jié)尾但不表示復(fù)數(shù): physics, politics, news, woods(森林森林), works(作品作品)(6) 有沒有有沒有s結(jié)尾意義不同：結(jié)尾意義不同： glass glasses, cloth clothes, work works, goodgoods, time times(時(shí)代時(shí)代), experience experiences(經(jīng)歷經(jīng)歷), arm arms(武器武器) (7) 姓氏后加姓氏后加s并帶冠詞，表一家人或夫婦倆并帶冠詞，表一家人或夫婦倆: the Greens ；the Chengs(8) 合成名詞的

11、復(fù)數(shù)形式：合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式： 將合成名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)：將合成名詞中的主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)： looker(s)-on, passer(s)-by, mother(s)-in-law 含含boy, girl, lady等的合成的名詞：等的合成的名詞： 它們始終為單數(shù)，其后的名詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。它們始終為單數(shù)，其后的名詞則用復(fù)數(shù)形式。 如：如： boy students, girl friends, lady drivers 含含man或或 woman的合成名詞：的合成名詞： 它們隨其后名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化而變化。如：它們隨其后名詞單復(fù)數(shù)的變化而變化。如： a man doctor, two me

12、n doctors (9)名詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語(yǔ)：名詞只能用復(fù)數(shù)形式的短語(yǔ)： do exercises （做操）（做操） take notes (做筆記）做筆記） take turns （輪流）（輪流） make repairs （搞修理）（搞修理） make friends with （交朋友）（交朋友） shake hands with (握手）握手） as follows （如下）（如下） in dozens （成打的）（成打的）4. 常被當(dāng)作可數(shù)名詞的不可數(shù)名詞常被當(dāng)作可數(shù)名詞的不可數(shù)名詞progress advice funinformation furniture workbag

13、gage luggage news jewelry weather paper (紙張紙張) equipment trouble knowledge homework5、不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)、不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù) 一般說(shuō)來(lái)抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具一般說(shuō)來(lái)抽象名詞為不可數(shù)名詞，但當(dāng)抽象名詞表示具體的東西時(shí)，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類體的東西時(shí)，可用作可數(shù)名詞且詞義發(fā)生變化，主要類型如下型如下: 抽象名詞（不可數(shù)）抽象名詞（不可數(shù)） in surprise 驚訝地驚訝地 win success 獲得成功獲得成功 win honor 贏得榮譽(yù)贏得榮譽(yù) 具體化（個(gè)體名詞，可數(shù)名詞）具體化

14、（個(gè)體名詞，可數(shù)名詞） a surprise 一件令人驚訝地事一件令人驚訝地事 a success 一件成功的事一件成功的事 an honor 一件引以為榮的事一件引以為榮的事6. 修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞修飾可數(shù)名詞的詞 few, a few, many, a great/good many, a large number of, a lot of, lots of ,plenty of quantities of 7. 修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞修飾不可數(shù)名詞的詞 little, a little, much, a great deal of, a large amount of, a quantity

15、of, quantities of lots of a lot of plenty of8. 能修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞的詞能修飾可數(shù)和不可數(shù)名詞的詞 lots of a lot of plenty of quantities of a quantity of- How many does a cow have?- Four. AstomachesBstomach CstomachsDstomachies 以以 s, sh, ch, x等結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加等結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)加 es；但如果以但如果以 ch 結(jié)尾的名詞發(fā)音為結(jié)尾的名詞發(fā)音為 k時(shí)，只加時(shí)，只加 s。另外，以輔音字母另外，以輔音字

16、母 +y 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，需將結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，需將 y 變成變成 i，再加，再加 -es；以元音字母；以元音字母 +y 結(jié)尾的則直接結(jié)尾的則直接加加 -s。以輔音字母加。以輔音字母加 y 結(jié)尾的專有名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，結(jié)尾的專有名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)，也直接加也直接加 -s。 The _ of the building are covered with lots of _. Aroofs; leavesBrooves; leafs Croof; leafDroofs; leafs以以 f 或或 fe 結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)：結(jié)尾的名詞變復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)： a. 加加 s，如：，如：belief-beliefs ro

17、of-roofs chief - chiefs safe-safes ；b. 去去 f, fe 加加 ves，如：，如：half-halvesknife-knives leaf-leaveswolf-wolves wife-wives life-livesthief-thieves； When the farmer returned home he found three _ missing. Asheeps Bsheepes Csheep Dsheepies 當(dāng)當(dāng)sheep; deer; fish表示數(shù)量時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；表示數(shù)量時(shí)，單復(fù)數(shù)同形；如果表示不同種類，則需加如果表示不同種類，則需加

18、 s 或或 es。 單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞有：?jiǎn)螐?fù)數(shù)同形的名詞有：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese, works, means, Some _ visited our school last Wednesday. AGermanBGermen CGermansDGermens國(guó)家人的名詞需要記住三種情況：國(guó)家人的名詞需要記住三種情況：1、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：、單復(fù)數(shù)同形：Chinese; Japanese; Swiss2、需要變形：、需要變形：English - Englishman3、加、加 s 或或 -es：German Germans詳見下表。詳見下表。 名稱 總稱(謂

19、語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)）一個(gè)人 兩個(gè)人中國(guó)人中國(guó)人the Chinesea Chinese two Chinese瑞士人the Swissa Swiss two Swiss澳大利亞人the Australiansan Australian two Australians 俄國(guó)人the Russians a Russiantwo Russians意大利人the Italians an Italian two Italians希臘人the Greek a Greektwo Greeks法國(guó)人the Frencha Frenchmantwo Frenchmen日本人日本人the Japanese a Japane

20、se two Japanese美國(guó)人美國(guó)人the Americans an Americantwo Americans印度人the Indians an Indian two Indians加拿大人the Canadians a Canadian two Canadians德國(guó)人the Germansa Germantwo Germans英國(guó)人the Englishan Englishmantwo Englishmen瑞典人the Swedisha Swedetwo Swedes _ will make a trip around the world during the coming Chr

21、istmas. A. The EvensB. The Evens C. The EvensesD. The Evenses專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與定冠詞連用，常用來(lái)表示專有名詞的復(fù)數(shù)與定冠詞連用，常用來(lái)表示“一一家人家人”或一家之中的兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)重要的人。如：或一家之中的兩個(gè)或幾個(gè)重要的人。如：- Who did you spend last weekend with?- _. A PalmersB The Palmers C The PalmersD The Palmers Mr Smith has two _, both of whom are teachers in a school. Abrot

22、hers-in-lawBbrother-in-laws Cbrothers-in-laws Dbrothers-in law以連字符號(hào)連接的合成名詞一般將中心名詞變成以連字符號(hào)連接的合成名詞一般將中心名詞變成復(fù)數(shù)，如：復(fù)數(shù)，如：managers-in-chief; fathers-in-law。如。如果沒有中心名詞就在該合成詞的最后加果沒有中心名詞就在該合成詞的最后加 s。如：。如：grown-ups。 He gained his _ by printing _ of famous writers. A. wealth; work B. wealths; works C. wealths; w

23、ork D. wealth; works抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞被稱為不可數(shù)名詞。本題中抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞被稱為不可數(shù)名詞。本題中 wealth 為不可數(shù)名詞，為不可數(shù)名詞，works 作作“作品作品”解，屬解，屬單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞。單復(fù)數(shù)同形的可數(shù)名詞。 Can you give us some _ about the writer? Ainformations Binformation Cpiece of informations Dpieces information大多數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞都不可能轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，常大多數(shù)不可數(shù)名詞都不可能轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，常見的有：見的有：information;

24、news; advice; progress; fun 如：如：This is not a match. Were playing chess for _.A habit B hobby C fun D game Many people agree that _of English is a must in international trade today. A. a knowledge B. knowledges C. knowledge D. the knowledge 有些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，有些抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞也可轉(zhuǎn)化為可數(shù)名詞，用來(lái)表示某種特定的意義。用來(lái)表示某

25、種特定的意義。a knowledge of 表示表示“對(duì)對(duì)有所了解有所了解“。又如：。又如：This meeting is a great success.請(qǐng)看下面的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化：請(qǐng)看下面的可數(shù)與不可數(shù)名詞的轉(zhuǎn)化： 名詞的格名詞的格 (Case)A:A:通格通格(Common case): (Common case): 主格主格 (Subject case) (Subject case) 賓格賓格 (Object case) (Object case)B:B:所有格所有格(Possessive case)(Possessive case) 原則上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名詞。如原則

26、上只用于表示有生命的人或物的名詞。如： the teachers book; the horses tail 然而，時(shí)間、距離、太陽(yáng)、地球、月亮、江河、然而，時(shí)間、距離、太陽(yáng)、地球、月亮、江河、 海洋、船只、國(guó)家、城市、團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)等名詞也海洋、船只、國(guó)家、城市、團(tuán)體機(jī)構(gòu)等名詞也 可以用可以用ss屬格。如：屬格。如：todays newspaper; the citys transportation 一般的名詞，包括不以一般的名詞，包括不以s s結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞， 在詞后加在詞后加ss。如：。如：the childrens bookthe childrens book 以以s s結(jié)尾

27、的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格形式只在詞后加結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞的所有格形式只在詞后加。 如：如：the teachers officethe teachers office 兩者或兩者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用兩者或兩者以上共有的所有格形式只在后者用 所有格形式，如所有格形式，如: :Tom and Mikes roomTom and Mikes room 若表示分別擁有時(shí)，則要在每個(gè)名詞后用若表示分別擁有時(shí)，則要在每個(gè)名詞后用 所有格形式，如所有格形式，如:Toms and Mikes rooms:Toms and Mikes rooms表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，常在名詞所有格后省去表示店鋪或某人的家時(shí)，常

28、在名詞所有格后省去shop, shop, househouse等名詞。等名詞。 the talors the talors 裁縫店裁縫店 go to the doctorsgo to the doctors去診所去診所 2. of2. of屬格：屬格： 多用于無(wú)生命現(xiàn)象的名詞， 也可用于有生命現(xiàn)象的名詞；當(dāng)一個(gè)名詞有較長(zhǎng)的定語(yǔ)時(shí)，就只能用of短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示所有關(guān)系。 如：the cover of the book; a toy of Li Pings younger brother3 3雙重屬格雙重屬格： 既有s的屬格，又有of的屬格。通常s屬格表示所有關(guān)系，of屬格表示部分與整體的關(guān)系。如:a

29、friend of my fathers; a book of Toms4.4.表示表示“某人自己的某人自己的”的屬格的屬格: : 用of ones ownof ones own表示，不可用of反身代詞。 例如：This is the house of my own.精選練習(xí)題精選練習(xí)題1.The Chinese people _. A. is a great people B. are a great people C. are great people D. are great peoples2. Something was wrong with _car , but luckily th

30、ey knew how to fix it . A. Jims and Toms B. Jim and Toms C. Jims and Tom D. Jim and Tom3.He is a friend of _. A. Kates fathers B. Kates father C.Fathers of Kate D. Kate fathers4.The news of Victories _got round quickly. A. is B. are C. have been D. /5. The rich _not always happy. A. are B is C. have

31、 D. has6.Your trousers _dirty , you must have_washed. A. is, it B are, it C. is , them D. are , them 7. He, including his parents, _this novel. A. like B . likes C. are like D. is like8.There are three _in our class. A. Zhous B. Zhous C. Zhous D. Zhouss9.The bridge is _. A. ten-metres B. ten metre C

32、. ten-meters D. ten metres10.Mother made a new skirt with two meters of _. A.clothes B, cloth C.dress D.cloths11.If these trousers are too big , buy a small _ A.one B. copy C. pair D. set12.He dropped the _and broke it . A. cup of coffee B. coffees cup C. cup coffee D. coffee cup13. Lets have a _bre

33、ak. A. ten minutes B. ten-minutes C. ten minutes D. ten minutes14._should be strict with _. A. Teachers, a student B. The teachers, students C. Teachers, students D. Teachers, a student15.They played in the _for an hour, and when they returned , they found their goods _stolen. A. sand, were B. sand, was C. sands, were D. sands, was The