外研版選修六Module 2 Fantasy Literature Grammar學(xué)案

1、Module 2Fantasy LiteratureGrammar教案觀察下列句子，體會(huì)動(dòng)詞的­ing形式作狀語(yǔ)的用法。Will, still watching, saw the cat behave curiously.When it had gone past he crossed the road, keeping his eyes on the spot where the cat had been investigating.He found himself standing under a row of trees.he pushed his shopping bag t

2、hrough, and then he scrambled through himself.自我總結(jié)動(dòng)詞­ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，用來(lái)進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明整個(gè)句子的動(dòng)作或說(shuō)明謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表達(dá)的概念，其邏輯主語(yǔ)應(yīng)與主句的主語(yǔ)一致，即分詞的動(dòng)作必須和句子的主語(yǔ)含有邏輯上的_，否則不能使用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)。在意義上可表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、方式、伴隨或補(bǔ)充等，這時(shí)它相當(dāng)于一個(gè)_。它的位置比較靈活，可以置于句首、句中或句末，有時(shí)用逗號(hào)隔開，有時(shí)也不用，一般來(lái)說(shuō)，用作原因、條件時(shí)，常位于句首；用作方式、結(jié)果、伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，常位于句末?！敬鸢浮恐髦^關(guān)系狀語(yǔ)從句動(dòng)詞的­ing形式在句中作狀語(yǔ)1表示時(shí)

3、間：動(dòng)詞­ing形式作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。 Turning around, she saw a car driving up.When she turned around, she saw a car driving up.她轉(zhuǎn)過(guò)身，看見一輛車朝她開來(lái)。2表示原因：表示原因的動(dòng)詞­ing形式一般置于句首，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語(yǔ)從句。 Being ill, he could not walk any further.As he was ill, he could not walk any further.因?yàn)椴?，他不能再往前走了?表示結(jié)果：動(dòng)詞­ing形

4、式作狀語(yǔ)表示一種必然的結(jié)果，可擴(kuò)展為一個(gè)含有并列謂語(yǔ)的簡(jiǎn)單句。The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.The fire lasted nearly a month, and left nothing valuable.大火持續(xù)了近一個(gè)月，幾乎沒(méi)剩下什么值錢的東西。4表示條件：動(dòng)詞­ing形式作條件狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句。 Being more careful, you can make fewer mistakes.If you are more careful, you can make fewer m

5、istakes.更細(xì)心點(diǎn)，你就會(huì)少犯錯(cuò)誤。5表示讓步：動(dòng)詞­ing形式作讓步狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。6表示方式、伴隨或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明：動(dòng)詞­ing形式表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明，可以擴(kuò)展成為一個(gè)并列成分。 I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.I sto

6、od by the door, and did not dare to say a word.我站在門旁，不敢說(shuō)一句話。He was walking along the street, looking this way and that.He was walking along the street, and looked this way and that. 他在街上走著，左顧右盼。7(1)(從屬連詞動(dòng)詞­ing形式)作狀語(yǔ)：為了使動(dòng)詞­ing形式作狀語(yǔ)所表達(dá)的時(shí)間、條件、讓步等意思更加明確，可在動(dòng)詞­ing形式前加上適當(dāng)?shù)倪B詞(when, while, if，

7、though，unless, even if等)。例如：Don't talk while having dinner.吃飯時(shí)不要說(shuō)話。Once losing this chance, you can't easily find it.一旦失去這次機(jī)會(huì)你就很難找回。(2)要避免無(wú)依著(無(wú)邏輯主語(yǔ))動(dòng)詞­ing形式：動(dòng)詞­ing形式作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句子的主語(yǔ)一致，如果狀語(yǔ)與主語(yǔ)不一致，可給從句加上主語(yǔ)，變成主從復(fù)合句。例如：【錯(cuò)誤】While reading the book, the telephone rang.【正確】While she was

8、reading the book, the telephone rang.她看書的時(shí)候，電話鈴響了。(reading的動(dòng)作不是the telephone發(fā)出)【錯(cuò)誤】Looking out through the window, the garden was beautiful.【正確】Looking out through the window, we found a beautiful garden.從窗戶里，我們看見一個(gè)漂亮的花園。(looking的動(dòng)作不是garden發(fā)出)(3)獨(dú)立動(dòng)詞­ing形式作狀語(yǔ)：英語(yǔ)中有些動(dòng)詞­ing形式，如generally speak

9、ing(一般來(lái)說(shuō)), judging from(從判斷)，considering(考慮到), supposing(如果)等，它們作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ)可以和句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。這種形式已經(jīng)成為固定的用法。例如：Supposing he is ill, who will do the work?假如他病了，誰(shuí)來(lái)做這工作呢？Generally speaking, boys are more interested in science than girls.一般來(lái)說(shuō)，男孩比女孩對(duì)科學(xué)更感興趣?！咀⒁狻縜動(dòng)詞­ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，當(dāng)句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)詞­ing形式的動(dòng)詞所表動(dòng)作在時(shí)間上幾乎

10、同時(shí)發(fā)生時(shí)，用doing作狀語(yǔ)，；若動(dòng)詞­ing形式動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句子謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前，用其完成時(shí)having done 作狀語(yǔ)，；動(dòng)詞­ing形式的否定形式為：not doing 或者not having done。b有一些固定的動(dòng)詞­ing形式作狀語(yǔ)，這就是獨(dú)立成分。c當(dāng)句子主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞­ing形式的主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí)，則不可省略動(dòng)詞­ing形式的主語(yǔ)。這時(shí)可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，即：帶有邏輯主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞­ing形式作狀語(yǔ)；或者用with 復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。鞏固練習(xí).單項(xiàng)填空1(·江蘇高考)_ an important decis

11、ion more on emotion than on reason, you will regret it sooner or later.ABasedBBasingCBase DTo base【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語(yǔ)，動(dòng)詞base與邏輯主語(yǔ)you之間構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系，所以用現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ)，故選B項(xiàng)?！敬鸢浮緽2(·重慶高考)_to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.AHaving been asked BTo askCHaving asked DTo be asked【解析】非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用法。逗

12、號(hào)前為原因狀語(yǔ)，空白處與句子的主語(yǔ)為邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，由此可排除表示主動(dòng)關(guān)系的B和C選項(xiàng)，D選項(xiàng)常作目的和結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)，不作原因狀語(yǔ)，也可排除，而A選項(xiàng)為現(xiàn)在分詞完成式的被動(dòng)形式，可作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)、原因狀語(yǔ)、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)、伴隨狀語(yǔ)等。因此，正確答案為A選項(xiàng)。【答案】A3(·四川高考)_ which university to attend, the girl asked her teacher for advice.ANot knowing BKnowing notCNot known DKnown not【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。主語(yǔ)the girl與非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞know之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分

13、詞；且非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的否定式應(yīng)在其前加否定詞。據(jù)此可知答案為A。此處分詞Not knowing在句中作原因狀語(yǔ)?！敬鸢浮緼4(2013·重慶高考)When I was little, my mother used to sit by my bed, _me stories till I fell asleep.Ahaving told BtellingCtold Dto tell【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。此處非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞tell與主語(yǔ)my mother為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故用telling作伴隨狀語(yǔ)。【答案】B5(·山東高考)_ at the cafeteria before, Tina

14、didn't want to eat there again.AHaving eaten BTo eatCEat DEating【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：因?yàn)橐郧霸?jīng)在自助餐廳吃過(guò)，Tina再也不想在那兒吃了。動(dòng)詞eat與主語(yǔ)Tina之間為主動(dòng)關(guān)系，再根據(jù)句中before可知需強(qiáng)調(diào)eat這個(gè)動(dòng)作發(fā)生在主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前，可知用現(xiàn)在分詞完成形式Having eaten?！敬鸢浮緼.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空1_(not recognize)the voice, he refused to give the person his address.2_(be)so angry, he c

15、ouldn't go to sleep.3_(hold)guns, the soldiers rushed out.4The children went out of the school _(talk) and _(laugh)5The fish can eat a man in a few minutes, _(leave) only the bones.6_(walk)along the valley, we came across a large cave.7_(not know) his telephone number, I couldn't get in touch with him.8I ran out of the house _(shout)9_(a