簡(jiǎn)單句和疑問(wèn)句_教案

1、.2019年初三英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法課程簡(jiǎn)單句和疑問(wèn)句一、課程介紹知識(shí)點(diǎn)： 簡(jiǎn)單句的根本句型 疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反義疑問(wèn)句教學(xué)重點(diǎn)： 根本句型中成分初步斷定和識(shí)別 疑問(wèn)句分類及用法教學(xué)難點(diǎn)： 簡(jiǎn)單句根本句型中成分?jǐn)喽?反義疑問(wèn)句的用法二、知識(shí)精要1、簡(jiǎn)單句的根本句型簡(jiǎn)單句的根本形式由一個(gè)主語(yǔ)加一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)構(gòu)成，其他各種句子形式都是由此句型開(kāi)展而來(lái)的，如五大根本句型： 主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞S + V這種句型簡(jiǎn)稱為主謂構(gòu)造，其謂語(yǔ)一般都是不及物動(dòng)詞。The boys are swimming happily. 男孩們正在快樂(lè)地游泳。注意：1動(dòng)詞是不及物動(dòng)詞，后面不能跟賓語(yǔ)，也無(wú)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。2很多

2、情況下，不及物動(dòng)詞由副詞或其他的狀語(yǔ)修飾，有的動(dòng)詞假如不加狀語(yǔ)修飾，句意可能不完好。例如：She lived, She lived in the country.她住在那個(gè)國(guó)家。 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)S +V+O這種句型可稱為主謂賓構(gòu)造，它的謂語(yǔ)一般多是及物動(dòng)詞或相當(dāng)于及物動(dòng)詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。They will visit the Birds Nest this weekend. 主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)他們這周末要去參觀鳥(niǎo)巢。主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)S+V+P這種句型稱為主系表構(gòu)造，其實(shí)連系動(dòng)詞在形式上也是一種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。It is cool in autumn, and the leaves turn yello

3、w. 秋天涼快，樹(shù)葉變黃。系動(dòng)詞有三類：a. 狀態(tài)的連系動(dòng)詞有：be, seem, appear, stand, sit, live, stay, keep等；b. 表示感官的連系動(dòng)詞有：look, sound, smell, feel, taste等；c. 表示變化的連系動(dòng)詞有：get, go, become, turn, grow等 主語(yǔ)+及物動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)S+V+ IO + DO。這種句型可稱為主謂賓賓構(gòu)造，其謂語(yǔ)應(yīng)是可有雙賓語(yǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞，兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)一個(gè)是間接賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是直接賓語(yǔ)。Her father bought her a doll. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 間賓 直賓她父親給她買(mǎi)了個(gè)布

4、娃娃。主語(yǔ) + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(yǔ) + 賓補(bǔ)S+V+O+C這種句型可簡(jiǎn)稱為主謂賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)造，其補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。We must keep our classroom clean. 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 賓語(yǔ) 賓補(bǔ)我們必須保持教室清潔。2、疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反義疑問(wèn)句 一般疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句的根本構(gòu)造為：be主語(yǔ)其他；助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞原形其他。對(duì)一般疑問(wèn)句作肯定答復(fù)時(shí)，通常是：Yes，主語(yǔ)be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞；作否認(rèn)答復(fù)時(shí)，通常是：No，主語(yǔ)be/助動(dòng)詞/情態(tài)動(dòng)詞not。not一般要與前面的詞語(yǔ)構(gòu)成縮略形式。 一般疑問(wèn)句中需注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：a

5、. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞must提問(wèn)時(shí)，否認(rèn)答復(fù)用needn't或don't have to。eg：Must I go now？我必須如今就去嗎？Yes，you must./No，you needn't.是的。/不，不必。b. 否認(rèn)的一般疑問(wèn)句通常是以be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞與not的縮略形式開(kāi)頭，往往表示驚訝、贊嘆、疑心等語(yǔ)氣。注意yes和no在翻譯成中文時(shí)與其原意正好相反。E.g.：Don't you hear of that？難道你沒(méi)聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)這件事？表示驚訝Yes，I do./No，I don't.不，我聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。/是的，我沒(méi)有聽(tīng)說(shuō)過(guò)。特殊疑問(wèn)句由疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的疑

6、問(wèn)句叫特殊疑問(wèn)句，不能用Yes或No答復(fù)，讀時(shí)用降調(diào)。特殊疑問(wèn)句由“疑問(wèn)代詞或疑問(wèn)副詞一般疑問(wèn)句構(gòu)成。常見(jiàn)疑問(wèn)代詞有：who，whom，what，which，whose等；疑問(wèn)副詞有：when，where，how，why，how old，how many，how often，how soon等。常見(jiàn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句a. 詢問(wèn)時(shí)間：When did it start？它什么時(shí)候開(kāi)場(chǎng)的？b. 詢問(wèn)地點(diǎn)：Where do they come from？他們來(lái)自哪里？c. 詢問(wèn)人或關(guān)系：Who is he？他是誰(shuí)？Who called you？誰(shuí)打 給你？Who/Whom are you going wi

7、th？你打算跟誰(shuí)一起去？d. 詢問(wèn)原因：Why do you like pandas？你為什么喜歡熊貓？e. 詢問(wèn)天氣：How is the weather today？今天天氣怎么樣？What is the weather like today？今天天氣怎么樣？f. 詢問(wèn)頻率：How often do you watch TV？你多久看一次電視？g. 詢問(wèn)顏色：What color is your schoolbag？你的書(shū)包是什么顏色的？h. 詢問(wèn)年齡：How old is the boy？這男孩多大了？i. 詢問(wèn)間隔 ：How far is it from your home to sc

8、hool?從你家到學(xué)校有多遠(yuǎn)？j. 詢問(wèn)數(shù)量：How many apples do we need？我們需要多少蘋(píng)果？How much honey do we need？我們需要多少蜂蜜？ k. 詢問(wèn)價(jià)格：How much is the T-shirt？這件T恤衫多少錢(qián)？ 選擇疑問(wèn)句提出兩種或兩種以上的情況，要求對(duì)方作出選擇答復(fù)的問(wèn)句叫選擇疑問(wèn)句。選擇疑問(wèn)句中兩種或兩種以上的情況用or連接，答復(fù)時(shí)不能用yes或no，要用一個(gè)完好的句子或其省略形式。語(yǔ)調(diào)一般是前升后降。選擇疑問(wèn)句可以分為一般選擇疑問(wèn)句和特殊疑問(wèn)句兩種。a. 一般選擇疑問(wèn)句：一般疑問(wèn)句or被選擇的部分？e.g.：Do you li

9、ke apples or pears？你喜歡蘋(píng)果還是梨？I like pears.我喜歡梨。b. 特殊選擇疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)句A or B?e.g.：Which would you like better，tea or coffee？茶或咖啡，你更喜歡哪一種？I'd like coffee.我喜歡咖啡。反意疑問(wèn)句反意疑問(wèn)句是附在陳述句之后，對(duì)陳述句所說(shuō)的事實(shí)或觀點(diǎn)提出疑問(wèn)的句子。反意疑問(wèn)句由兩部分組成，前一部分為陳述句，后一部分為簡(jiǎn)短的一般疑問(wèn)句。假設(shè)前部分為肯定句，后一部分就要用否認(rèn)形式，而且必須用縮略形式；假設(shè)前一部分用否認(rèn)形式，后一部分就用肯定形式。即：“前肯后否，前否后肯。兩部分

10、的人稱和時(shí)態(tài)要一致。常見(jiàn)的特殊的反意疑問(wèn)句a. 當(dāng)陳述部分含有否認(rèn)意義的詞如 hardly，few，little，no，nobody，no one，nothing等時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)部分須用肯定形式。但假設(shè)陳述部分含有帶否認(rèn)前綴如im，un，dis等的派生詞，仍作為肯定構(gòu)造，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用否認(rèn)式。b. I am.反意疑問(wèn)句附加疑問(wèn)句部分應(yīng)為aren't I。c. 假如陳述部分是肯定或否認(rèn)的祈使句，疑問(wèn)部分須用 will you。e. 當(dāng)陳述部分是let's do sth.時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分須用shall we來(lái)反問(wèn)；而當(dāng)陳述部分是let sb.do sth.時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分用will you

11、 來(lái)反問(wèn)。f. 陳述部分的謂語(yǔ)是used to 時(shí)，附加疑問(wèn)句部分用“didn't主語(yǔ)或“usedn't主語(yǔ)。如：He used to go to bed late，didn't he/usedn't he？他過(guò)去睡覺(jué)很晚，對(duì)嗎？g. need 的反意疑問(wèn)句need是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。如：We need to come earlier，don't we？我們需要來(lái)早點(diǎn)，對(duì)嗎？need是情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。如：We needn't come so early，need we？我們不必來(lái)那么早，對(duì)嗎？h. 當(dāng)陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞 nobody，somebody，no

12、 one時(shí)，疑問(wèn)句部分須用復(fù)數(shù)代詞they，也可以用he；當(dāng)陳述部分主語(yǔ)是不定代詞 nothing，something時(shí)，疑問(wèn)部分須用代詞it。i. 假設(shè)陳述部分為there be 句型，附加疑問(wèn)句部分仍用be not there。j. 主從復(fù)合句的反意疑問(wèn)句附加疑問(wèn)句部分的助動(dòng)詞與人稱應(yīng)與主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞和人稱保持一致。假設(shè)賓語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)為“I think/suppose/believe等表示說(shuō)話人的看法，反意疑問(wèn)句的疑問(wèn)部分應(yīng)與賓語(yǔ)從句的主謂保持一致。k. 反意疑問(wèn)句的答復(fù)，無(wú)論問(wèn)題的提法如何，假如事實(shí)是肯定的，就用yes；事實(shí)是否認(rèn)的，就要用no。要特別注意陳述句部分是否認(rèn)構(gòu)造，反意疑問(wèn)句

13、部分用肯定式提問(wèn)時(shí)，答復(fù)yes或no與漢語(yǔ)翻譯正好相反，yes要譯成“不，no要譯成“是。如：He likes playing football，doesn't he？他喜歡踢足球，是嗎？Yes，he does./No，he doesn't.是的。/ 不是。His sister didn't attend the meeting，did she？他妹妹沒(méi)有參加會(huì)議，是嗎？Yes，she did./No，she didn't.不，她參加了。/是的，她沒(méi)參加三、要點(diǎn)講練【要點(diǎn)1】簡(jiǎn)單句的根本句型【例題】1、請(qǐng)寫(xiě)出下面的簡(jiǎn)單句屬于五種根本類型中的哪一種。S+V S+V

14、+P S+V+O S+V+IO+DO S+V+O+CHis father died last year. The funny boy often makes us laugh. Tom gave me a beautiful present. Yi Jialing is a handsome player. He never buys junk food. Yao Ming is a famous basketball player. The old man found the dog dead the next day. I will show my pictures to you tomo

15、rrow. My dictionary is lost. The cotton feels soft. 【解析】分析句子成分可知 【答案】1. S+V 2. S+V+O+C 3. S+V+IO+DO 4. S+V+P 5. S+V+O 6. S+V+P 7. S+V+O+C 8. S+V+IO+DO 9. S+V+P 10. S+V+P 【要點(diǎn)2】疑問(wèn)句一般疑問(wèn)句、特殊疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反義疑問(wèn)句1、 _ do you go shopping?Sometimes.AHow often BHow long CHow far DHow much【解析】由答語(yǔ)“有時(shí)可知詢問(wèn)頻率【答案】A2、_ h

16、ave you been in the sports club?Since the first month I came to the school.AHow old BHow long CHow much DHow soon【解析】考察疑問(wèn)副詞的用法。how old 表示“多大，用來(lái)提問(wèn)年齡；how long 表示“延續(xù)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間，用for或since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)答復(fù)；how often 表示“多久一次，指動(dòng)作的頻率；how soon表示“還要多久才，一般用于將來(lái)時(shí)，用“in引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)來(lái)答復(fù)。由答語(yǔ)可知，提問(wèn)的是一段時(shí)間?！敬鸢浮緽3、Is your friend a boy or a

17、 girl? _.ANo，she isn't BA girlCThe girl DYes，she is【解析】選擇疑問(wèn)句不能用Yes或No答復(fù)，排除A、D項(xiàng)；根據(jù)問(wèn)句，答復(fù)用a girl?！敬鸢浮緽 4、There is little water in the bottle，_？Ais it Bisn't it Cis there Disn't there【解析】此題考察反意疑問(wèn)句的用法。句子由there be引導(dǎo)，反意疑問(wèn)句也應(yīng)由there be構(gòu)成，故排除選項(xiàng)A和B；little意為“很少，幾乎沒(méi)有，表示否認(rèn)意義，故反意疑問(wèn)句用肯定形式?！敬鸢浮緾5、It'

18、s sunny today. Let's fly kites in the park，_？【解析】以let's 引導(dǎo)的反意疑問(wèn)句應(yīng)用shall we【答案】shall we6、_is the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them are from England. A. WhatB. WhereC. Which D. Who【解析】whats the number of 意為“的數(shù)量是多少?！敬鸢浮緼7、 Excuse me,   can I get to

19、 the nearest bookshop?Go along this road and you will find it on your right.A. whyB. whereC. whenD. how【解析】問(wèn)路句型，How can I get to sp.??！敬鸢浮緿8、   did you work out the problem in such a short time? With Mr. Li's help.A. WhenB. WhereC. HowD. Which【解析】when提問(wèn)時(shí)間；where提問(wèn)地點(diǎn)；how提問(wèn)怎樣；which提問(wèn)哪一個(gè)【答案】C【即

20、學(xué)即用】選擇適當(dāng)?shù)囊蓡?wèn)詞Whose which how soon how many who1. _ has a long ruler? 2. _will you buy, this one or that one?3. camera is that?4.  _teachers are there in your school?     About 200. One third of them are men teachers. 5.  -   will the invitations be sent to

21、 our guests? -In three days. 【答案】1.Who     2. Which   3. whose       4. How many      5. How soon      【鏈接中考】_ will the match between HAS and BIG be held? In our school stadiu

22、m. A. When B. Where C. Why D. How【解析】此題考察疑問(wèn)副詞用法，根據(jù)答句可知問(wèn)地點(diǎn)，選B?！敬鸢浮緽這周的英文報(bào)紙你看了嗎? _【解析】此題考察一般疑問(wèn)句，時(shí)態(tài)為如今完成時(shí)。【答案】Have you read the English newspaper of this week? _ are you going back to London, Tony? At the end of July.A. How B. When C. Why D. Where【解析】此題考察疑問(wèn)副詞用法，根據(jù)答句可知問(wèn)時(shí)間，選B。【答案】B Betty, _ do you start

23、celebrating New Year in America? On December 31st.A. When B. Where C. Why D. How 【解析】此題考察疑問(wèn)副詞用法，根據(jù)答句可知問(wèn)時(shí)間，選A?！敬鸢浮緼郵件已經(jīng)發(fā)給你了，收到了嗎？_【解析】此題考察一般疑問(wèn)句，時(shí)態(tài)為如今完成時(shí)?！敬鸢浮?Have you received it ? 艾爾斯巖Ayers Rock長(zhǎng)3600米，高348米。_【解析】此題考察陳述句，時(shí)態(tài)為一般如今時(shí)【答案】 Ayers Rock is 3600 meters long and 348 meters high. 媽媽讓我每天自己整理房間【解析

24、】此題考察簡(jiǎn)單句主謂賓賓補(bǔ)構(gòu)造中的動(dòng)詞不定式?！敬鸢浮縈um asks me to tidy up the room myself every day.大連人口是多少？_【解析】此題考察特殊疑問(wèn)句?！敬鸢浮縒hats the population of Dalian?四、根底達(dá)標(biāo)1、單項(xiàng)選擇 1Will people live to be 200 years old?_. They can't live so long.A. No, they won't B. No, they don't C. Yes, they do D. Yes, they won't2M

25、y dictionary _ my book are on the desk.A. or B. and C. / D. but3Dont eat hamburgers _ drink tea in your bedroom!A. and B. or C. with D. /4_ human beings _ animals can live without air.A. Both; and B. Either; or C. Not only; but also D. Neither; nor5You can't have them both. You can choose _ the

26、bike _ the toy car.A. either; or B. both; and C. not only; but also D. neither; nor6_ and see a film this afternoon?Thats a good idea.A. Why dont go B. Why not go C. Why not to go D. Why doesnt go 7_ do you have an English party?Once a month.A. How old B. How far C. How often D. How long8Oh, my God!

27、 I really dont know _next. -Whats wrong? Can I help you ? A. when to do B. how to do it C. how to do D. what to do it 9 How far is it from your home to your school? usually takes twenty minutes to school from my home.A. It; ride B. It; to ride C. Its; ride D. Its; to ride10 exciting moment it is to

28、score three goals against Atletico Madrid!Yeah, Ronaldo is great. He is my hero.A. What an B. What C. How an D. How11 big success the fashion show was!A. What B. How C. What a D. How a12The world top player Lee lost the game against the computer program Alphago._ surprising news!A. What a B. What C. How D. How a【答案】1A2 B3 B4 D5 6 B7 C8 B9 B10 A11A 12B2、用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1They _ finish the work in two weeks.2How long _ it _ take to get there tomorrow?3Old people enjoy _ stay in quiet plac