雅思判斷題 TFNG大全 各種技巧全包括

1、IELTS READINGTRUE/YES,FALSE/NO,NOT GIVEN 判斷題MULTIPLE CHOICES 多選題雅思閱讀的形式 Diagram completing 完成圖表題 flow chart 流程圖 table completion 填表題 short answer question 簡答題 sentence completion 完成句子題 multiple choice 多項選擇題 summary 摘要題 list of headings 標題對應(yīng)題 matching 配對題 ture/false/not given 正誤判斷題判斷題介紹 題目為數(shù)個陳述句。需要你根

2、據(jù)原文判斷每個句子是對 (TRUE/YES)、錯 (FALSE/NO)，還是未提及 (NOT GIVEN)。 重點題型，每次必考。 難度較大，尤其容易將F/N和NG混淆TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN考事實的考事實的(較容易較容易) YES/NO/NOT GIVEN考觀點的考觀點的 TRUE/YES 題目中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文中的關(guān)鍵詞題目中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文中的關(guān)鍵詞 -相同相同-同義同義-同向同向 FALSE/NO 題目中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文中的關(guān)鍵詞題目中的關(guān)鍵詞與原文中的關(guān)鍵詞 -矛盾矛盾-反義反義-反向反向 NOT GIVEN -題目的內(nèi)容原文完全未提及題目的內(nèi)容原文完全未提及(子虛烏有型子

3、虛烏有型) -題目的內(nèi)容原文部分提及了題目的內(nèi)容原文部分提及了, 卻存在著兩卻存在著兩種可能性難點（證據(jù)不足型）種可能性難點（證據(jù)不足型）邏輯判斷YESNONGNG原文：The water is cold.題目1：The water is chilly.題目2：The water is hot.題目3：The water is dirty.1.文中說:塞樸路斯的旅游者大多來自歐洲.題目說:塞樸路斯的旅游者大多來自英國. 2. 文中說:MM老師喜歡JAY.題目說:MM老師ONLY喜歡JAY. 劍五 P26 Q 28Overview of T/F/NG questions Most questio

4、ns following the order principle; if not, key words have to be found; No personal understandings, find answer from the original text; Language understanding only, no logical understanding; It is one of the detailed/local questions 重點難點 區(qū)分 false和not given FALSE和NOT GIVEN的差別。 If you write ”False“ as y

5、our answer, you are saying that the information expressed in the question is the opposite of that presented in text. This is quite different from a ”Not Given“ answer, which says that you can find nothing in the text about the information.解題步驟 在題目中劃出關(guān)鍵詞。 據(jù)定位詞找到原文中對應(yīng)的位置。可能是一句話也可能是幾句話 與原文觀點一致TRUE/YES，

6、對立或者相反FALSE/NO 原文沒有提及則NOT GIVEN如何劃好判斷題的關(guān)鍵詞？ 從以下的句子中劃出一個關(guān)鍵詞： Networking is not a modern idea. People fall into two basic categories. All teachers are cynics. The first piece of Hesses art has little effect on visitors to the gallery. The New Forest has already been made into a National Park.如何劃好判斷題的關(guān)

7、鍵詞？表示關(guān)鍵內(nèi)容的定位詞，同其他題型特殊關(guān)鍵詞： 否定詞或表示否定意義的詞（支持、肯定還是反對、否定） Not, few, little, barely, 具體的數(shù)字 Two, million 限定范圍的詞（全體、部分） All, almost, only, except, a part of 時間指示詞(指示時間的詞，過去，現(xiàn)在或者未來)。 Already, once, will, in the past/future 情態(tài)動詞(表示不同程度的義務(wù)和確定性) must, should, have to 頻率副詞 sometimes, always，seldom, once in a whi

8、le比較考點詞在是非無判斷題中的應(yīng)用 A is than B OR A is asas B 1）A和B在有一方在原文中沒有出現(xiàn)，答案為NOT GIVEN 2）A和B都在原文中出現(xiàn)，但并未出現(xiàn)比較，答案為NOT GIVEN； 3）A和B都在原文中出現(xiàn)，且出現(xiàn)比較，但比較的內(nèi)容不一致，答案為NOT GIVEN； 4）如果A和B都在原文中出現(xiàn)，而且比較內(nèi)容相同，則根據(jù)方向來判斷答案為TRUE/YES還是FALSENO比較考點詞Example 20Original 1: More girls(70%) than boys(60%) raised the idea of rainforest as an

9、imal habitats.Original 2: More girls(13%) than boys(5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats.Question: Girls are more likely than boys to hold mistaken views about the rainforests destruction.Answer: NOT GIVEN數(shù)字數(shù)量考點詞Example 22Question：The 1993 Sydney survey involved 289 patients who visited

10、 alternative therapists(非傳統(tǒng)治療專家) for acupuncture treatments（針灸治療）.Original: Dr Laver and his colleagues published a survey of 289 Sydney people who attended eight alternative therapies practices in Sydney. These practices offered a wide range of alternative therapies form 25 therapists.考點詞 如果一道題目沒有出

11、現(xiàn)明顯的考點詞，或者題目的重心位置出現(xiàn)some, may, like, not all 等語氣保守的詞的時候，該題目選擇FALE/NO的概率就很小，選TURE/YES的概率相對比較大。 考點詞Example 23Question: Some people with simple number systems use body language to prevent misunderstanding of expression of number.Original: But in real situations the number and words are often accompanied

12、 by gestures to help resolve any confusion.Answer: TRUE/ YESTRUE/YES 題目與原文的一句話基本相同或者是重述 題目的含義隱含在是原文多句話中（較難），需要歸納或者概括 補充的一點是，所謂選TRUE，并不意味著題目和原文百分之百的相等，只要兩者的表述是在同一個方向上的便可，例如“same”和“similar”這兩個表述就可以等同為是一致的。例題 概括 【題目】The research findings report commercial rather than political trends. 【原文】Research in B

13、ritain has shown that “green consumers” continue to flourish as a significant group amongst shoppers. This suggests that politicians who claim environmentalism is yesterdays issue may be seriously misjudging the public mood例題 歸納【題目】A response delay of 12 minutes may have substantial influence on whe

14、ther or not a suspected criminal is caught.【原文】It has been demonstrated that rapid response leads to a greater likelihood of an arrest only if responses are in the order of 12 minutes after a call is received by the police. When response times increases to 34 minutes still quite a rapid response the

15、 likelihood of an arrest is substantially reduced. FALSE/NO 題目與原文內(nèi)容相反、矛盾 題目絕對化和排他性，原文有多種可能 除了明顯相反的情況（較少），還有如下比較隱晦的錯誤方式： 題目在數(shù)量、頻率、可能性上夸大和絕對化 如：some-all; sometimes-always; 原文是理論或者感覺（即，可對可錯），題目中將其描述為一種“事實”，也是一種錯誤 如：feel/consider-prove, theory fact例題 需要稍作推斷 【題目】Graphology is a good predictor of future j

16、ob performance. 【原文】Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better than more controversial methods like graphology and astrology.例題 頻率夸大 【題目】Frogs and toads are usuall

17、y poisonous. 【原文】Even in wet areas once teeming with frogs and toads, it is becoming less and less easy to find those slimy, hopping and sometimes poisonous members of the animal kingdom.例題 可能性夸大 【題目】Men are invariably preferred to women when it comes to promotion. 【原文】Women also have less job secur

18、ity and fewer opportunities for promotion. Higher status jobs, even in industries which employ mostly women, tend to be filled by men.例題 絕對化 【題目】The Entertainment Center is only for international popular music artists who attract large audiences. 【原文】There are numerous clubs which appeal to people o

19、f all ages, and cater for all tastes. Pubs are the venue for smaller modern bands, while the big-name popular music artists, both local and international, attract capacity audiences at the huge Entertainment Center in the heart of the city.例題 理論事實化 【題目】It is a fact that frogs breeding cycles are ups

20、et by worldwide increases in temperature. 【原文】Another theory is that worldwide temperature increases are upsetting the breeding cycles of frogs.FALSE的復(fù)習F1 反義詞抵觸型F2 絕對等于不對F3 單一等于不對F4 already等于不對F5 數(shù)字做考點，一般選 false （mainly， largely）F6 去掉條件狀語,答案選false補充說明F1在句子中的實現(xiàn)句子中由否定詞直接否定：not / no longer (不再) / not a

21、ny more / by nomeans (決不）句子中隱含的否定：used to do sth. / until recently/as was once the case劍五p19/ Q11題目:Johnson set up an academy to help with the writing of his Dictionary.原文:Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settle arguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself;and he would

22、do it single-handed.F2: 絕對等于不對絕對等于不對90% impossible (ly) immediate (ly)80% always（總是） / often / usually/ never （從不）70% all (劍四 page 48 Q23) /every/any/ none Must及一組副詞及一組副詞:題目說的太絕對題目說的太絕對,容易被人抓住把柄容易被人抓住把柄absolutely, definitely，invariably (不可改變地)/inevitably (不可避免地)/unarguably/irrefutably/assuredly/indi

23、sputably/undeniably/certainly(毫無疑問地)/without question=out of question/與絕對詞FALSE相反的TRUE: (即真理型的TRUE)possible(ly) / probable(ly) / presumably/ perhaps/ be likely to/ maybe/ may (might)/can (could) / would /somewhat /seem to /appear to / chances / odds / almost/sometimes/some/certain/a degree of / occa

24、sionally/not always/not all/ not necessarily/ （劍5，23）F3:單一單一VS多樣多樣題目中:單一only one/only/sole/solely/single/unique/merely/barely/exclusively原文中:多樣two/bothand/various/varied/variety/different/diversified/versatile(萬能的,多才多藝的)e.g.題目說:Radical groups are only found within theLabor Party.文中說:In fact, it woul

25、d be true to say that bothparties consist of conservative, moderateand radical elements, and therefore thegeneral public is often perplexed aboutwhich party to vote for.F4:題干有題干有ALREADY+完成時做關(guān)鍵字完成時做關(guān)鍵字題目說:Biosilk has already replaced nylon in parachute manufacture.文中說:Army scientists are looking at t

26、he possibilities of using biosilk for lightweight, bullet-proofing vests and parachutes.F5： 數(shù)字做考點數(shù)字做考點,一般選一般選FALSE 尤其有尤其有mainly/largely劍三 P40 Q 2.3.4 (反例) P622 Four thousand species of dung beetle were initially brought to Australia by the CSIRO.Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from

27、 about 50 different species of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.3 Dung beetles were brought to Australia by the CSIRO over a fourteen-year period.Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species

28、of dung beetle, from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.4 At least twenty-six of the introduced species have become established in Australia.Of the 26 species that are known to have become successfully integrated into the local environment, only on

29、e, an African species released in northern Australia, has reached its natural boundary.F6:去掉條件狀語=false原文中包含條件狀語,題目中去掉這些表示條件狀語的成分.條件句引導(dǎo)詞 if, if not, unless也可能是用介詞短語表示條件狀語,如 in, with, for, but (for), except (for)題目中: The media has often criticized the internet because it is dangerous.原文中: The Internet

30、 has often been criticized by the media as a potentially hazardous tool in the hands of young computer users.NOT GIVEN 題目中的事情原文中沒提 從原文內(nèi)容無法推理出題目的結(jié)論 原文說的是目標、目的、想法、保證、誓言等未發(fā)生的事，在題目中已經(jīng)發(fā)生 常用字眼：aim, purpose; promise ; swear; prediction; assumption 原文和題干一個說比例、一個說數(shù)量，互不相干例題 不可推理 【題目】 Sydney Harbor is the larg

31、est in the world. 【原文】The 57-square-killometer Sydney Harbor is one of the largest in the world, and famous for the unmistakable 134-meter high arch of the Harbor Bridge and the graceful sails of the Opera House.例題 未發(fā)生例題 比例和數(shù)量無關(guān) 【題目】The majority of teachers get satisfaction from their work. 【原文】Many

32、 teachers find their jobs very rewarding.NOT GIVEN的復(fù)習NG1 并不存在的關(guān)系（未提及型的）NG2 隱含型的NG3 并不存在的比較關(guān)系NG4 權(quán)威效應(yīng)，大眾效應(yīng)NG5 偷換概念NG6 關(guān)于最高級的思考NG7 題目內(nèi)容原文部分提及了， 卻存在兩種可能性.NG的形式的形式NG1并不存在的關(guān)系并不存在的關(guān)系(未提及型未提及型)e.g.題目說:The government was concerned about someartists complaints.文中說:The size of the rehearsal room of ,andsome a

33、rtists have complained bitterly about allthese varieties ever since.NG2:隱含型的NGanother (the) other latternextsecondrelativeNG3并不存在的比較關(guān)系并不存在的比較關(guān)系只要文中有A IS BETTER THAN B的形式 A + be +adj比較級+ than+ B (外表,金錢,男女)better! similar!e.g. 題目說:Australian artists give better performances inthe Opera House. 文中說:The

34、Queen officially opened the building in1975 and since then audiences of allnationalities have been quick to acclaim themany world-class performances of stars fromthe Australian opera, ballet and theatre.NG4權(quán)威效應(yīng)權(quán)威效應(yīng),大眾效應(yīng)大眾效應(yīng) 文中某名人說A是事實，題中把名人去掉，說A就是事實 文中說許多人說B是事實, 題中直接說B就是事實 原文中出現(xiàn)了發(fā)誓，承諾，愿望，決心，目的等主觀限定詞

35、，而題目去除以上限定變?yōu)榭陀^事實陳述: 常見主觀限定詞常見主觀限定詞: promise, vow, swear, aim to, pledge(保證保證),resolve (決心決心)e.g.題目中:Utzon never returned to Australia to see thecompleted building.文中說:Utzon left the country before completing theproject and in a fit of anger vowed never toreturn.NG5 偷換概念 地點狀語的范圍縮小文中是個大范圍 EUROPE題目中是小范

36、圍 UK罕見：從小范圍大范圍翻譯上的誤區(qū)，或者常識上的誤區(qū)。題目中：Some parents spend extra on their childrenseducation because of the prestige attached tocertain schools.文中說：Wealthy parents have always been willing tospend the vast amounts of extra moneynecessary to send their children to schoolswith a perceived educational edge.N

37、G6:關(guān)于最高級的思考關(guān)于最高級的思考(先天不足，樹敵太多）先天不足，樹敵太多）地理的地理的,自然的自然的:珠穆朗瑪峰是全世界的珠穆朗瑪峰是全世界的最高峰最高峰.T NG人文的人文的:大英博物館這方面的館藏是全世界大英博物館這方面的館藏是全世界最大最大的的.是是最著名的最著名的導(dǎo)演導(dǎo)演.這個技藝是吉尼斯世界記錄里這個技藝是吉尼斯世界記錄里最絕的最絕的一個一個.NG （無從考量型（無從考量型/有這個可能性有這個可能性) (法律法律,種族種族,政治政治,女權(quán)問題避免女權(quán)問題避免)G類題目中說: Sydney harbour is the largest harbour in the world.文

38、章中說: Sydney harbour is one of the largest harbours in the world.NOT GIVENNG7 題目的內(nèi)容原文部分提及了題目的內(nèi)容原文部分提及了, 卻存在兩種卻存在兩種 可能性可能性.F/NG 分不清分不清,+NOT為試金石為試金石不適用于以名詞為考點的題目不適用于以名詞為考點的題目.(有些詞沒有反義詞有些詞沒有反義詞) e.g. 文中說文中說:小土豆喜歡吃麻辣燙和烤雞翅小土豆喜歡吃麻辣燙和烤雞翅. 題目說題目說:小土豆只喜歡吃烤雞翅小土豆只喜歡吃烤雞翅. +NOT=小土豆不只喜歡吃烤雞翅小土豆不只喜歡吃烤雞翅. NOT GIVEN和F

39、alse辨析 本質(zhì)是一個相關(guān)還是不相關(guān)的問題 方法：題目和原文兩個句子單獨列出來，考慮一下這兩句話在邏輯上是否有同時成立的可能性。如果沒有就選False，而有的話，就選Not Given. 劍IV/G類TestB/2 題目：On Receipt of your deposit, Wessex Cottages will confirm your booking by telephone. 原文：When we receive your booking form and deposit, your reservation will be confirmed we will send you a

40、Booking Confirmation, together with advice on how to reach your holiday cottage and the telephone number of a local contact in case you require further details on the cottage before leaving home. 劍IV/Test 2/12 題目：National Governments could do more to protect endangered languages. 原文：Quite often, gov

41、ernments try to kill off a minority language.測試題 NGYYYNN7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart. 7. Radio frequency identification technology has been installed experimentally in big supermarkets like Wal-Mart. Answer: NO8. Peo

42、ple tend to download more unknown songs than songs they are familiar with. Answer: NOT GIVEN9. Songs ranked high by the number of times being downloaded are favored by customers.Answer: YES10. People follow the others to the same extent whether it is convenient or not.Answer: NO11. Items sold in som

43、e Japanese stores are simply chosen according to the sales data of other shops.Answer: YES12. Swarm intelligence can also be observed in everyday life.Answer: YESSummary1.題目中若出現(xiàn)must、only、all及always，答案一般不會是True。題目中出現(xiàn)這些很常見，95%的答案都不是True。題目中出現(xiàn)上述這些詞，答案False是還是Not Given，就不一定，需要根據(jù)上面講的規(guī)律再做判斷，一般答案是False的比例更

44、大一些。2.出現(xiàn)同義表達或推斷歸納的一般為YES/TRUE.Summary3.If the words “not, must/only, fact/prove, many/sometimes/unlikely/all/usually/ always/impossible” appear in the statements, the answer normally are FALSE/NO.4. If the reading text has adverbial conditions, such as “if / unless / ifnot / in / with / but / for /

45、except for” etc. , the answer are normally NO / FALSE.Summary5. 出現(xiàn)原文沒有提及或者找不到依據(jù)的題目 題目范圍比原文所說的范圍小，更具體的內(nèi)容時候；原文是目標，想法，愿望，保證，發(fā)誓的時候，題目是事實的時候，出現(xiàn)aim, purpose, promise, swear, vow.；題目中有比較級，原文中沒有比較級的時候，一般情況下答案多為NOT GIVEN?？偨Y(jié) A)肯定=雙重否定或正話反說 他長得很難看=他長得沒有攻擊性 B)同義詞或同意短語 長得很難看=長得很抽象=長得很愛國=長得很敬業(yè)=長得很提神=長得很像車禍現(xiàn)場 calc

46、ulate, count, compute call, summon, send for cautious, attentive, prudent，careful cause, reason, excuse cease, pause, stop, halt, quit center, middle, heart, core, midst certainly, naturally, of course, surely certainty, assurance, conviction change, alter, vary, convert, modify, transform, turn 第二種

47、情況： 題目是根據(jù)原文中的幾句話做出推斷或歸納。 避免自行推理或過度推理 3要注意題目要求答什么。同是是非題，有時題目要求考生答Ture/False/Not Given，有時要求答T/F/NG，有時又要求考生答Yes/No/NotGiven，必須按照要求去做，否則，本來判斷正確，因為不符合要求而失分，很可惜。避免答錯的一個方法是：在平常練習中就按照題目的要求去答，而不是隨心所欲。 4題目中若出現(xiàn)must、only、all及always，答案一般不會是True。題目中出現(xiàn)這些很常見，95%的答案都不是True。題目中出現(xiàn)上述這些詞，答案False是還是NotGiven，就不一定，需要根據(jù)上面講的規(guī)律再做判斷，一般答案是False的比例更大一些。 5答案選擇有一定的規(guī)律。筆者通過實踐得出如下的規(guī)律：A 題目數(shù)目在5個或5個以上時，三種答案都要出現(xiàn)。題目數(shù)目在5個以下時，則不一