2011年閱讀全文翻譯及解析

1、精選Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1The decision of the New York Philharmonic to hire Alan Gilbert as its next music director has been th

2、e talk of the classical-music world ever since the sudden announcement of his appointment in 2009. For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least. “Hooray! At last!” wrote Anthony Tommasini, a sober-sided classical-music critic。紐約愛樂樂團打算聘請Alan Gilbert作為下一任的音樂總監(jiān)，這從2009年任命被宣布之日起就在

3、古典音樂界引起了熱議。別的不說，大部分人的反應是樂觀的?！昂冒?，最終好了！” Anthony Tommasini寫道，他可是一個以嚴峻著稱的古典音樂評論家。One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known. Even Tommasini, who had advocated Gilberts appointment in the Times, calls him “an unpretentious music

4、ian with no air of the formidable conductor about him?！?As a description of the next music director of an orchestra that has hitherto been led by musicians like Gustav Mahler and Pierre Boulez, that seems likely to have struck at least some Times readers as faint praise。但是，這個任命之所以一起人們驚異的緣由卻是Gilbert相

5、對而言并不是很出名。甚至在時代雜志上發(fā)文支持Gilbert任命的Tommasini都稱其為：低調(diào)的音樂家，在他身上找不到那種飛揚跋扈的指揮家的氣質(zhì)。紐約愛樂樂團迄今為止都是由像Gustav Mahler(古斯塔夫·馬勒)和Pierre Boulez布列茲那樣的音樂家領(lǐng)導的。這樣去描述這個樂團的下一位指揮，至少對于時代的讀者而言，這是一種蒼白的表揚。For my part, I have no idea whether Gilbert is a great conductor or even a good one. To be sure, he performs an impressi

6、ve variety of interesting compositions, but it is not necessary for me to visit Avery Fisher Hall, or anywhere else, to hear interesting orchestral music. All I have to do is to go to my CD shelf, or boot up my computer and download still more recorded music from iTunes。就我看來，我不知道Gilbert是否是一個宏大的指揮家或者

7、是一個好的指揮。但是我能確定的是，他能表現(xiàn)出很多好玩的樂章，但是我卻應當不會去Avery Fisher Hall或者其他地方去聽一場好玩的交響樂演出。我要做的事情就是去我的CD架上，或者打開的我的電腦從ITUNES上下載更多的唱片。Devoted concertgoers who reply that recordings are no substitute for live performance are missing the point. For the time, attention, and money of the art-loving public, classical inst

8、rumentalists must compete not only with opera houses, dance troupes, theater companies, and museums, but also with the recorded performances of the great classical musicians of the 20th century. There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than tod

9、ays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the institution of the traditional classical concert。那些忠實的音樂會觀眾會講唱片并不能代替現(xiàn)場的演出，但是他們忽視了一些事情。當下為了獲得藝術(shù)愛好者的錢，時間，關(guān)注度，古典音樂

10、的演奏家們(其實就是指交響樂團，同意復述)不僅要和劇院，舞蹈隊，演出公司和博物館競爭，而且還需要和那些記錄了20世紀的宏大的古典音樂演奏者表演的唱片競爭。唱片很廉價，那里都能買到，并且比現(xiàn)在很多現(xiàn)場音樂會的藝術(shù)質(zhì)量要高。進一步的講，聽眾能選擇聽唱片的時間和地點。這些處處可以獲得的唱片給傳統(tǒng)的演出機構(gòu)帶來了危機。One possible response is for classical performers to program attractive new music that is not yet available on record. Gilberts own interest in

11、new music has been widely noted: Alex Ross, a classical-music critic, has described him as a man who is capable of turning the Philharmonic into “a markedly different, more vibrant organization?！?But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be e

12、nough. If Gilbert and the Philharmonic are to succeed, they must first change the relationship between Americas oldest orchestra and the new audience it hops to attract。對于古典音樂演奏者而言，他們可能的一個回應就是排練出唱片上沒有的曲目。Gilbert對新音樂愛好已經(jīng)被廣泛的關(guān)注了：Alex Ross，一名古典音樂的批判家，就這樣描述道：他能夠把愛樂樂團變成一個完全不同，更加有活力的組織。但是那種不同的性質(zhì)也是什么呢？可能僅僅

13、增加樂團演出的曲目是不夠的，假如Gilbert和他的樂團要進步的話，他們就必需首先轉(zhuǎn)變美國最古老的樂團(就是紐約愛樂樂團)同他們想吸引的新觀眾間的關(guān)系。語篇分析：這篇文章來自Commentary 2007年9月刊的一篇文章Selling Classical Music by TERRY TEACHOUT。這個雜志可以說知名度并不高，這可以看出命題人的出題指向性，反反命題的傾向很嚴峻。以前的經(jīng)濟學人，今年只有在B節(jié)入選。如何凱文老師始終強調(diào)的這篇文章的體裁就是談論文。第一二段都是一個引入。3段提出了作者的觀點。4段和5段是對于3段觀點進一步的遞進和開放。而在第一個其次段中是不同的人對于新任指揮的

14、看法。所以閱讀考研文章沒有什么簡單的就是關(guān)注觀點！分清論點和論據(jù)！21. We learn from Para.1 that Gilberts appointment has      。Aincurred criticism.                        Braised suspicion。Creceived acclaim.  

15、;                      Daroused curiosity。解析：這個題目相對簡潔，各家也沒有什么爭議，只需要讀懂：For the most part, the response has been favorable, to say the least。就可以了，其實考生只需要讀懂：For the most part, the response has been favorable。這就是核心。acclaim。就

16、是表示 favorable。當然，后面那個人說的話肯定是為了說明這個結(jié)論的讀不讀都無妨了。22. Tommasini regards Gilbert as an artist who isAinfluential.                            Bmodest。Crespectable.        &

17、#160;               Dtalented。解析：這個題目關(guān)鍵就是要學會對論點和論據(jù)的敏感：Tommasini是個具體的人提他是有目的的。問他的看法，你可以直接看這樣一句：“an unpretentious musician with no air of the formidable conductor about him。”但是這樣的句子中的：unpretentious和formidable能有幾個同學生疏？ 那么就看看這個句子在段落中的地位吧：論據(jù)，且和第一句是一個

18、遞進的關(guān)系，他是進一步說明第一句的：One of the reasons why the appointment came as such a surprise, however, is that Gilbert is comparatively little known。這個句子該懂了吧。這個人相對來講名氣不大。A,C,D 都無從談起了。只有modest和這個名氣大不大能相關(guān)。這樣的論據(jù)和論點的分析以及段落的語篇分析方法就是凱文老師的同學能獨步于考研界的最大法寶。23. The author believes that the devoted concertgoersAignore the

19、expenses of live performances。Breject most kinds of recorded performances。Cexaggerate the variety of live performances。Doverestimate the value of live performances。解析：作者的觀點：The author believes，這個是在關(guān)注定位詞devoted concertgoers后的另外一個關(guān)鍵點；作者認為concertgoers miss the point;但具體是什么，需要看選項了。A ,忽視了現(xiàn)場演奏的費用，B,拒絕大多數(shù)的

20、唱片演奏。這兩個是沒有依據(jù)的屬于未提及選項。C有肯定的干擾性：the variety of live performances，二段中是有variety 這個單詞的，并且在段落中消滅了好多并列的成分，這樣對于很多沒有讀懂原文的同學其實是會產(chǎn)生視覺干擾的。但是聽kevin老師的話的同學，會做一個主干的分析發(fā)覺the value of live performances這個賓語和動詞是沒有原文依據(jù)的。最終一個選項之所以正確是由于：作者在始終說唱片的好，而前面又說concertgoers認為現(xiàn)場演奏不會被唱片代替。這樣就是論點上的正話反說了。答案就應當是最終一個了。高估了現(xiàn)場表演的價值。這就是對于觀

21、點的把握，多么重要??！24. According to the text, which of the following is true of recordings?AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality。BThey are easily accessible to the general public。CThey help improve the quality of music。DThey have only covered masterpieces。解析：抓住關(guān)鍵詞：recordings依據(jù)行文挨次與題目基本全都的原則，停

22、在倒數(shù)其次段：There recordings are cheap, available everywhere, and very often much higher in artistic quality than todays live performances; moreover, they can be “consumed” at a time and place of the listeners choosing. The widespread availability of such recordings has thus brought about a crisis in the

23、 institution of the traditional classical concert。一連串的描述就是B。干擾項是C : They help improve the quality of music。聽Kevin的分析主謂賓，回文章中定位你會發(fā)覺，文章中說的是唱片中的表演的質(zhì)量要比現(xiàn)在的好，但是并沒有說：help improve the quality of music。分析選項主謂賓，和原文一一對應就肯定能消退這樣的視覺干擾。AThey are often inferior to live concerts in quality。和原文表訴相反。DThey have only

24、covered masterpieces。原文沒有提及。讀者不要自作聰慧的覺得，嗯，老師講過的消滅過often 和only的選項太確定了，不能選。這樣的排解是有風險的也是，Kevin老師始終都不會這樣講的。教育部命題中心可不行以那天就用一個only 做正確選項。當然可以了！所以從小啊打好基礎！25. Regarding Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic, the author feelsAdoubtful.             &#

25、160;              Benthusiastic。Cconfident.                            Dpuzzled。解析：問作者的態(tài)度，主體是作者，對象是Gilberts role in revitalizing the Philharmonic

26、從具體表述動身查找相應的態(tài)度表達詞：But what will be the nature of that difference? Merely expanding the orchestras repertoire will not be enough。一個but ,一個？，一個not就把這種不確定性給出來了。于是這就是選A doubtful。記得技巧派曾經(jīng)有這樣的總結(jié)：puzzled 和doubtful 都是所謂的永陪詞匯，這樣的技巧還是不要的好啊。Text 2When Liam McGee departed as president of Bank of America in Augus

27、t, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company?！?Broadcasting his ambition was “very much my decision,” McGee says. Within two weeks, he was talking for the f

28、irst time with the board of Hartford Financial Services Group, which named him CEO and chairman on September 29.當八月份，Liam McGee以總裁的身份從美國銀行離職的時候，他的解釋出人意料的直白。他沒有忸怩的用平常的模糊的理由來遮掩他的離開，他很坦誠的講他離開就是為了去追求他經(jīng)營一家公司的目標。McGee說宣揚自己的目標就是自己的打算。兩周后，他第一次和Hartford Financial Services Group的董事會第一次會談，這家公司在9月29日提名他為董事會主席和C

29、EO。McGee says leaving without a position lined up gave him time to reflect on what kind of company he wanted to run. It also sent a clear message to the outside world about his aspirations. And McGee isnt alone. In recent weeks the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express quit with the explanati

30、on that they were looking for a CEO post. As boards scrutinize succession plans in response to shareholder pressure, executives who dont get the nod also may wish to move on. A turbulent business environment also has senior managers cautious of letting vague pronouncements cloud their reputations。他說

31、在離開的時候并沒有找好后面的職位(下家)，使他有時間去反思他到底想去經(jīng)營一家什么樣的公司。這同時也就他的激情和決心，給了外界一個清楚的信號。這樣做的并不只是McGee一個人。最近幾周，Avon and American Express的一些高級經(jīng)理離職并解釋說想需找一個ceo的職位。當董事會迫于股東的壓力對一系列的方案進行審查的時候，那些方案被否定掉的經(jīng)理們也會想離開。激烈的商業(yè)環(huán)境同樣使得高級經(jīng)理很當心，模糊的表態(tài)可能會破壞他們的聲譽。As the first signs of recovery begin to take hold, deputy chiefs may be more wi

32、lling to make the jump without a net. In the third quarter, CEO turnover was down 23% from a year ago as nervous boards stuck with the leaders they had, according to Liberum Research. As the economy picks up, opportunities will abound for aspiring leaders。當經(jīng)濟復蘇的標志開頭確定的時候，二把手們可能更情愿在沒有網(wǎng)(新的工作)狀況下?lián)Q工作。第三

33、季度，依據(jù)Liberum的調(diào)查，CEO的更迭和一年前相比削減了23%，這是由于緊急的董事會緊盯著他們的ceo們。隨著經(jīng)濟的復蘇和好轉(zhuǎn)，對有抱負的頭兒們，機會是很多的。The decision to quit a senior position to look for a better one is unconventional. For years executives and headhunters have adhered to the rule that the most attractive CEO candidates are the ones who must be poached

34、. Says Korn Ferry， senior partner Dennis Carey :“I cant think of a single search Ive done where a board has not instructed me to look at sitting CEOs first。”離開高管的職位去查找一個更好的職位，并不是傳統(tǒng)的做法。多年以來，經(jīng)理們和獵頭們都認同這樣一個原則：最有吸引力的CEO的競爭是那些需要去挖來的人。Korn Ferry， senior partner Dennis Carey說道：我所做的每一次的聘請中，董事會都要求我從那些在任的CEO中

35、查找人選。Those who jumped without a job havent always landed in top positions quickly. Ellen Marram quit as chief of Tropicana when the business became part of PepsiCo (PEP) a decade ago, saying she wanted to be a CEO. It was a year before she became head of a tiny Internet-based commodities exchange. R

36、obert Willumstad left Citigroup in 2005 with ambitions to be a CEO. He finally took that post at a major financial institution three years later。那些沒有找到工作就離開的人并不是很快就能找到頂級的職位。10年前，Tropicana被PepsiCo (PEP)收購了，她以經(jīng)理的身份離職了，她說他想當ceo。但是花了一年的時間她才成為一家小型互聯(lián)網(wǎng)交換公司的頭。2005年Robert Willumstad帶著想成為CEO的幻想離開了Citigroup。可是

37、三年后他才成為了一家主要的金融機構(gòu)的CEO。Many recruiters say the old disgrace is fading for top performers. The financial crisis has made it more acceptable to be between jobs or to leave a bad one. “The traditional rule was its safer to stay where you are, but thats been fundamentally inverted,” says one headhunter.

38、“The people whove been hurt the worst are those whove stayed too long?！焙芏嗥刚埖娜硕颊f對于高管而言，過去認為的丟臉的感覺(沒有工作)已經(jīng)漸漸消逝了。金融危機已經(jīng)使得跳槽，離開一個不好的工作變得更加可以接受了。一個獵頭就說到： “傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)章是待在你原來的地方會更加平安，但是現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)徹底轉(zhuǎn)變了. 那些受傷最厲害的就是那里在一個地方待太久的人?！闭Z篇分析：這篇文章來自：Business Week 商業(yè)周刊 2009年11月5日，Top Managers Are Quitting, Without a New Job 

39、by Jena McGregor：頂級經(jīng)理人在離職，新工作還沒著落。文章從Liam McGee的跳槽為引子開頭，引出其次段中跳槽的人很多。第三段進一步的講金融危機會引起更多的人跳槽。四段和五段回顧過去。六段回到現(xiàn)在。借別人的嘴強化觀點：就是該跳，并且要“裸跳”，在沒有找到下家就跳?！奥闾辈粊G人。26. When McGee announced his departure, his manner can best be described as beingAarrogant.           

40、60;               Bfrank。Cself-centered.                        Dimpulsive。解析：依據(jù)題干中的McGee announced his departure定位到這兩句：When Liam McGee departed as preside

41、nt of Bank of America in August, his explanation was surprisingly straight up. Rather than cloaking his exit in the usual vague excuses, he came right out and said he was leaving “to pursue my goal of running a company。” straight up。是第一個線索，Rather than vague excuses答案直接可以鎖定：B. frank。就怕你們不生疏單詞啊，所以12年同

42、學加油背單詞！記住單詞記憶只有一個方法，重復！27. According to Paragraph 2, senior executives quitting may be spurred byAtheir expectation of better financial status。Btheir need to reflect on their private life。Ctheir strained relations with the boards。Dtheir pursuit of new career goals。解析：題干的關(guān)注點在于spur 這是在課堂中講過的隱含因果的表達。結(jié)果

43、是：senior executives quitting，查找緣由：文章中很明確的with the explanation that they were looking for a CEO post。這個題目中體現(xiàn)出來的還是Kevin老師在課上始終強調(diào)的：文章表達的多樣性在理解中的重要性：senior executives quitting= the No.2 executives at Avon and American Express ；上下義詞的替換；new career goals= CEO post；也是上下義詞的替換。有干擾性的就是C了后文的確說道了和board 之間的關(guān)系，但是是

44、講在方案不被批準的時候，并不是和董事會關(guān)系緊急。并且董事會的審查是在股東的壓力下才執(zhí)行的。沒有理由支持這一選項。28. The word “poached” (Line 3, Paragraph 4) most probably meansAapproved of.                    Battended to。Chunted for                        Dguarded against。解析：理解這句話：I cant think of a single search Ive done where a bo