研究生期末考試單詞語(yǔ)法

1、1. How the world failed to stop the Ebola epidemicLanguage Points1. wipe out： mark for deletion, rub off, or eraseExamples:With a little genetic tinkering, fast growing fish and freeze resistant fruits will help feed an overpopulated planet, but such hybrids could unwittingly wipe out the food chain

2、.有了稍經(jīng)基因修復(fù)、快速養(yǎng)殖的魚和防凍水果，人口過(guò)多的星球?qū)@得足夠的食物，不過(guò)，這些合成物可能不知不覺(jué)地徹底摧毀食物鏈。It is hoped the procedure will trigger an immune response that will wipe out HIV-infected cells while leaving non-infected cells unharmed.希望這一治療會(huì)激發(fā)免疫反應(yīng)，清除感染了艾滋病病毒的細(xì)胞，同時(shí)又不損傷未感染細(xì)胞。2. free oneself ofExamples:Another thing that this paper reve

3、als is the close relationship between the ability to free oneself from the control of visual information and fast reading.本文同時(shí)還揭示了擺脫語(yǔ)言視覺(jué)信息禁錮的能力與速讀之間的密切聯(lián)系。3. outrun: run faster thanExamples:In contrast, the Goldman case demonstrates a more effective way to police bankers, because Wall Street cannot o

4、utrun a judge.相反，高盛案件展現(xiàn)出一種監(jiān)管銀行家的更有效方式，因?yàn)槿A爾街不可能超越法官。4. oversee: watch and directExamples:And they 're feeling worried Afghan police would not be able to oversee security once foreign troops leave.他們對(duì)外國(guó)軍隊(duì)一旦離開阿富汗警方將無(wú)法監(jiān)督安全感到擔(dān)心。5. throttle: place limits on (extent or access)Examples:The region was st

5、ill raising rates as recently as mid-2008, as central bankers tried to throttle rising inflation.就在2008年年中，當(dāng)各央行試圖遏制不斷惡化的通脹時(shí)，該地區(qū)還在加息。6. a handful of：a few, several Examples:A handful of Tech startups are competing for a foothold in the emerging market for personal data control products.幾家高科技初創(chuàng)企業(yè)正在為立足

6、于個(gè)人數(shù)據(jù)控制產(chǎn)品這一新興市場(chǎng)領(lǐng)域展開角逐。But even a handful of cases of Ebola could also bring economic disruption to a region that is heavily dependent on trade.但即使只有少數(shù)幾例埃博拉個(gè)案，也會(huì)在這個(gè)嚴(yán)重依賴貿(mào)易的地區(qū)引發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)動(dòng)蕩。7. gear：equipment consisting of miscellaneous articles needed for a particular operation or sport etc. Examples:A spokesm

7、an for American Airlines says part of the plane's landing gear collapsed, and one engine on the right side fell off the wing from the impact.美國(guó)航空公司發(fā)言人說(shuō)，飛機(jī)降落裝置的某些部分損毀，右側(cè)的一個(gè)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)在撞擊下從機(jī)翼上脫落。The kits will include protective gear for family members, gloves and masks, disinfectants, and fever-reducing d

8、rugs.每套包括供家庭成員使用的防護(hù)用具、手套和口罩、消毒劑，以及退燒藥。8. take on：accept as a challengeExamples:To take on the competition, Nokia and Microsoft will have to prove that their partnership can result in a truly different - and better - mobile experience for consumers. 諾基亞和微軟要想在競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中立于不敗之地，就必須證明雙方的合作可以為消費(fèi)者帶來(lái)全然不同的、更好的移動(dòng)體驗(yàn)。

9、9. even as：即使； at the same time asExamples:Chinese GDP rose 8.9% during the fourth quarter, even as Europe 's unfolding debt crisis unnerved investors.盡管歐債務(wù)危機(jī)持續(xù)發(fā)展讓投資者失去信心，去年第四季度中國(guó)的GDP增速仍達(dá)到了8.9%。Over the years, Walmart has made headlines for behaving badly even as executives work tirelessly to ma

10、intain its All-American image.盡管沃爾瑪?shù)母吖軅兌嗄陙?lái)一直不遺余力地維系其美國(guó)精神典型代表的形象，但這家公司的不良表現(xiàn)卻多次見(jiàn)諸報(bào)端。10. deploy: to distribute systematically or strategicallyExamples:Similarly, both solutions might deploy in a simple centralized infrastructure, or in a more sophisticated, distributed manner.同樣，這兩個(gè)解決方案可能部署在簡(jiǎn)單的集中式基礎(chǔ)架構(gòu)中

11、，也可能采用更復(fù)雜的分布式方式進(jìn)行部署。Dream jobs: College students make their picksLanguage Points1. personality: n. characteristics and qualities of a person seen as a wholeExamples:Parents have great influences on the development of a childs personality.你的個(gè)性和才華給我留下了深刻的印象。Im deeply impressed both by your personality

12、 and talent.2. genuine: adj. authentic; sincereExamples:I was shocked to know that such an expensive painting was not genuine.在這里工作了20年后，我真的很喜歡這所校園。Having been working here for 20 years, I do have a genuine love for the campus.3. arm candy: (informal) a sexually attractive person who accompanies ano

13、ther at social events臂彎花瓶(陪伴異性參加舞會(huì)或活動(dòng)的俊男美女)Examples:Shed already had mini-roles in eight movies when she turned up as George Sanders arm candy in the party scenes of this film.托尼通常有兩個(gè)漂亮的女孩陪他參加社交排隊(duì)。Tony usually had two pretty girls accompany him to parties as arm candy.4. identify: recognize or disti

14、nguish (as being the specified person or thing)Examples:This is a course that teaches us to identify plants and flowers.你能在這些傘中認(rèn)出你自己的那一把嗎?Can you identify your umbrella among this lot?5. characteristic: distinguishing featureExamples:A person of your characteristic is sure to be popular with young p

15、eople like college students.慷慨是他最好的特點(diǎn)之一。Generosity is one of his nicest characteristics.6. associate: connect in thought, memory or imaginationExamples:Whisky is usually associated with Scotland.人們總是把史蒂夫·喬布斯的名字與蘋果聯(lián)系在一起。People will always associate the name of Steve Jobs with Apple.7. break (som

16、ething ) down (into): be divided or divide into partsExamples:Expenditure on the project breaks down as follows: raw materials $1m, equipment $2m, wages $2m.水可以分解為氫和氧。Water is broken down into hydrogen and oxygen.8. prestigious: having or bringing prestige; having high statusExamples:Only the most p

17、restigious scholars deserve such a title.耶魯大學(xué)是世界上最負(fù)盛名的大學(xué)之一。Yale University is one of the worlds most prestigious universities.9. recruit: enroll (someone) as a member or worker in an organization; enlistExamples:Our university recruited more staff this year than last year.教練兩天內(nèi)為棒球隊(duì)招募了九個(gè)男孩。The coach

18、recruited nine boys for the baseball team in two days.10. prospect: picture in the mind or imagination, especially of a future event; the possibility or likelihood of some future event occurringExamples:He is so excited by the prospect of having his own house in such a big city.當(dāng)他想到國(guó)外度假的景象時(shí)，他覺(jué)得自己很有一

19、股努力工作的動(dòng)力。When he thinks of the prospect of a holiday abroad, he feels motivated to work hard.11. ethical: of morals or moral questions; morally correctExamples:His behavior is not ethical.這是一個(gè)道德問(wèn)題，我們不應(yīng)該忽視。This is an ethical issue that we should never neglect.12. designate: mark or point out clearly;

20、 choose (someone / something ) for a special purposeExamples:The boundaries between the two countries are designated on the map.該市東部地區(qū)已被劃定為開發(fā)區(qū)。The eastern part of the city has been designated as a development zone.13. overall: total; generalExamples:My overall impression of him is that he is very ta

21、lkative.你能告訴我這個(gè)項(xiàng)目的總費(fèi)用嗎？Can you tell me the overall cost of the project?14. diversity: varietyExamples:There was a diversity of opinions on whether a nuclear plant should be built near the city.承認(rèn)多樣化是全世界在21世紀(jì)生存的關(guān)鍵。The tolerance of diversity is the key to the survival of the world in the 21st century.

22、15. critical: of or at a crisis; decisive; crucialExamples:The unemployment problem in that country is very critical at present.在危急關(guān)頭，他跳進(jìn)河里救了那個(gè)男孩。At the critical moment he jumped into the river and saved the boy.16. ethnicity: state of belonging to a social group that has a common national or cultur

23、al traditionExamples:We welcome all talent, regardless of their background, gender and ethnicity.在這所大學(xué)，你必須學(xué)會(huì)與不同民族的人相處。In this university you must learn to get along with people of different ethnicities.17. for starters: first of all, to start withExamples:He is not suitable for the task. For starter

24、s, he hasnt got any experience in dealing with emergency.首先，我們沒(méi)有足夠的時(shí)間。For starters, we dont have enough time.18. luster: soft brightness of a smooth or shining surface; glory, distinctionExamples:She couldnt eat, and her hair lost its luster.勇敢的事跡為你的名字增添光彩。Brave deeds add luster to ones name.19. acc

25、ount for: make up (a specified amount or proportion)Examples:The local people just account for 1/3 of the workers in the factory.衣食占了這個(gè)家庭每月開支的很大一部分。Food and clothing account for a large portion of the familys monthly expenditure.20. category: a class or division of people or things regarded as havin

26、g particular shared characteristicsExamples:The books fall into two categories: those of social sciences and those of natural sciences.我們可以把該公司的產(chǎn)品分為三類。We can divide the products of the company into three categories.21. appealing: attractive, charming, interestingExamples:The actors voice makes him v

27、ery appealing to his fans.這部電影對(duì)我沒(méi)有吸引力。The film is not appealing to me.22. achievement: something successfully finished or gained, especially through skill or hard workExamples:The scientist was rewarded by the government for his great achievement in rice hybrids research.我們一定不能小瞧了她所取得的杰出成就。We mustnt

28、 belittle her outstanding achievement.23. significant: of noticeable importanceExamples:The annual report of the company is significant for the public.你在這個(gè)職位上的成功將對(duì)你的未來(lái)很有意義。Your success in this position will be significant for your future.24. come in: finish in the stated place in a race or competiti

29、onExamples:Where did our team come in second or third?在100米比賽中喬治得了第三名。George came in third in the 100-meter race.25. reputation: the beliefs or opinions that are generally held about someone or somethingExamples:The expert has lost his good reputation because he often speaks for the privileged.這位醫(yī)生因

30、為有耐心而出了名。The doctor has a reputation for being very patient.26. executive: a person with senior managerial responsibility in a business organizationExamples:As the chief executive he spends much time on decision making.他是公司的高級(jí)管理人員之一。He is one of the companys senior executives.27. build (something) o

31、n (something): base (something) on (something); use something as a foundation for making further progressExamples:Your accusation is not built on evidence.公司通過(guò)自己的調(diào)查得出結(jié)論。The company drew the conclusion by building on its own survey.Is getting a PhD worth it? 1. provocative: serving or tending to prov

32、oke, excite, or stimulate, stimulating discussion or exciting controversye.g. a provocative remark a provocative smileExamples:These grave acts are part of a series of provocative and continuing Israeli violations of Lebanese maritime territory and airspace.這些嚴(yán)重行為是以色列不斷挑釁地侵犯黎巴嫩領(lǐng)海和領(lǐng)空的一系列行為的一部分。2. bem

33、oan: regret strongly; 悲嘆；嘆息；埋怨If you bemoan something, you express sorrow or dissatisfaction about it.Examples:Many successful professional women bemoan the difficulty of finding a husband matching their wealth, social status and education.許多事業(yè)有成的女子都哀嘆，想要找到一個(gè)和自己經(jīng)濟(jì)水平、社會(huì)地位、受教育程度都相當(dāng)?shù)囊庵腥藢?shí)在太難。A

34、gain and again last week I heard Chinese officials bemoan the failure of the west to lead by example on tackling emissions.上個(gè)星期，我聽(tīng)到中國(guó)官員一再對(duì)西方?jīng)]有在處理排放問(wèn)題方面以身作則表示惋惜。3. occurrence: an event that happensExamples:We will adopt comprehensive measures to firmly halt the frequent occurrence of major incidents.

35、通過(guò)采取綜合措施，堅(jiān)決遏制重特大事故頻發(fā)的勢(shì)頭。4. maligne:誹謗;中傷;污蔑If you malign someone, you say unpleasant and untrue things about them.有害的;不良的If something is malign, it causes harm.Examples:Such false accusations malign the Kashmiri freedom struggle and are part of a propaganda strategy to perpetuate Indi

36、an occupation of the state.這一無(wú)端指控是對(duì)克什米爾自由斗爭(zhēng)的誣蔑，是使印度永久占領(lǐng)該國(guó)之宣傳戰(zhàn)略的一部分。Iran and Syria must stop the flow of weapons and foreign fighters into Iraq and their malign interference in Iraq.伊朗和敘利亞必須停止向伊拉克運(yùn)送武器和外國(guó)戰(zhàn)斗人員，停止其對(duì)伊拉克的惡意干涉。5. calculated risk: 預(yù)計(jì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)Examples:But Ryu says she and Snelson took a calculated

37、risk in opening a business in Somalia because they both had spent many years working in the country and knew the opportunities and the pitfalls well in advance.但柳表示，她和斯奈爾森在索馬里創(chuàng)業(yè)承擔(dān)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)都沒(méi)有超出他們的考量，因?yàn)樗麄冊(cè)谶@個(gè)國(guó)家有過(guò)多年的工作經(jīng)歷，能夠提前發(fā)現(xiàn)機(jī)遇和危險(xiǎn)。6. strain：(精神上的)壓力，重負(fù)，緊張Strain is a state of worry and tension caused b

38、y a difficult situation； an effortful attempt to attain a goalExamples:By undergoing the stress and strain of tough competition, the athletes grow in strength, endurance and discipline.在經(jīng)歷了激烈競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的壓力與緊張之后，運(yùn)動(dòng)員在力量、耐力和紀(jì)律方面都有提高。7. rigorous：demanding strict attention to rules and proceduresExamples:Portugal

39、 has passed a rigorous budget for 2011 and has also announced bold measures to improve its overall competitiveness.葡萄牙通過(guò)了2011年的嚴(yán)格預(yù)算，還宣布了提高總體競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的大膽舉措。8. live on：continue to live through hardship or adversityExamples:Luckily, I have enough savings to live on for a while, since my job hunt seems to be

40、taking forever.幸運(yùn)的是，雖然我一時(shí)半會(huì)兒還找不到工作，但我的積蓄短期內(nèi)還足夠維持我的生活。9. take up: pursue or resumeExamples:He did not particularly want to take up a competitive sport.他并不特別想從事競(jìng)技體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。10. for advancementExamples:Find out if one job may equip you better for advancement than another.了解一下是否某件工作能讓你有更大發(fā)展。But it would be wr

41、ong for them to depend for advancement on their father.但對(duì)他們而言，依賴父親獲得晉升將是錯(cuò)誤的。11. sway：move back and forth or sidewaysExamples:Greece 's problems have roiled global markets, but it has done little to sway voters who have met austerity measures with street riots.希臘問(wèn)題攪動(dòng)了全球市場(chǎng)，但卻絲毫沒(méi)能影響希臘選民，他們用街頭騷亂來(lái)反對(duì)緊

42、縮措施。12. in terms of：根據(jù); 用的話; 就而言; Examples:I feel I can gain more from working in that kind of environment, not just in terms of salary.我覺(jué)得那樣的工作環(huán)境我可以收獲更多，不只是薪水方面。And this change will have huge consequences in terms of everything from shopping habits, to health care to social media.而這種

43、改變會(huì)給城市的方方面面帶來(lái)重大的影響，包括購(gòu)物習(xí)慣、健康以及社交媒體等等。Engineering the Tools of Scientific DiscoveryVocabulary and Usage1. expertise 具體領(lǐng)域的專長(zhǎng)和知識(shí)例句：Completed op-eds should be sent with your name, address, day and evening cell phone numbers, and your credentials for writing on the topic, if you have either expertise in

44、the field or a relevant personal experience.如果您具有相關(guān)領(lǐng)域的知識(shí)、技能和經(jīng)驗(yàn)，請(qǐng)寫一個(gè)完整的專欄寄給我們，附上您的姓名、地址、白天晚上使用的手機(jī)號(hào)碼以及您就這一話題寫作的資質(zhì)證明。2. in the quest for 尋求例句：In the quest for better health, many people turn to doctors, self-help books or herbal supplements，but they overlook a powerful weapon that could help them fight

45、 illness and depression, speed recovery, slow aging and prolong life: their friends.在尋求健康的道路上，很多人會(huì)求助于醫(yī)生、自救書籍和草藥輔助治療，但他們忽略了一個(gè)幫助他們戰(zhàn)勝疾病和抑郁的有力武器：他們的朋友。3. probe 探索；了解例句：The best hiring processes not only force candidates to respond to tough questions, but probe the reasons behind those responses.最佳招聘流程不僅

46、能夠讓應(yīng)聘者應(yīng)對(duì)難題，還須（讓招聘者）了解他們做出的各種應(yīng)對(duì)背后的原因。By getting closer to the advanced science and technologies in this way, people can probe into their secret mysteries.人們以這樣的方式更接近先進(jìn)的科學(xué)技術(shù)，可望進(jìn)一步了解它們的奧妙。4. be incorporated into 包含；和結(jié)合例句：Detailed construction safety technical measures must be incorporated into construc

47、tion organization design and construction scheme. 具體的施工安全技術(shù)措施必須被列入施工組織設(shè)計(jì)與施工方案中。5. range fromto在范圍內(nèi)例句：Information provided can range from how much wave energy is present for sustainable power generation, to whether chemical levels are increasing.所提供的信息涵蓋很多方面，從用于可持續(xù)發(fā)電的波能的總量到化學(xué)含量是否增加。6. else than只是例句：A

48、nimals are nothing else than the figures of our virtues and our vices, straying before our eyes, the visible phantoms of our souls.動(dòng)物只不過(guò)是我們美德和丑惡的具象而已，在我們眼前晃來(lái)蕩去的正是我們靈魂的魅影。7. pose 造成；提出；引起；產(chǎn)生例句：While pilots crashing commercial airlines are exceedingly rare, many other aviation employees on the ground

49、can also pose threats to flights.雖然飛行員駕駛商業(yè)飛機(jī)墜毀的情況極其罕見(jiàn)，但很多地勤人員也可能對(duì)航班構(gòu)成威脅。Even the simplest and most obvious prescriptions, to do with improving security at domestic airports, pose a dilemma.在提高國(guó)內(nèi)機(jī)場(chǎng)安全性這個(gè)問(wèn)題上，即使最容易、最明了的解決方案，也會(huì)產(chǎn)生兩難的情況。8. envision 想象；預(yù)見(jiàn)例句：Cohen concludes that improved teaching “is more li

50、kely to be a long March than the quick fix that most recent reforms envision. ”最后，科恩指出，改善教學(xué)“很可能是件任重而道遠(yuǎn)的工作，而不是近來(lái)改革方案所想象的那樣，一蹴而就?！?. populate 居住于；棲息于；占據(jù)；充滿例句：Many of the innumerable machines and devices that populate the physical environment also already come with some data-generating digital technolo

51、gy.在占據(jù)實(shí)體環(huán)境的無(wú)數(shù)機(jī)器和設(shè)備中，有許多也已經(jīng)具備一定的數(shù)據(jù)生成數(shù)字技術(shù)。We have tried to present in this book an accurate and up-to-date picture of the scientific community and the people who populate it.在該書中，我們已經(jīng)盡可能精確地提供有關(guān)科學(xué)界和科學(xué)界人士的最新圖景。10. convertinto將轉(zhuǎn)為例句：Creatures that burn up energy more quickly tend to have shorter lives tha

52、n animals that convert food into energy slowly.燃燒能量快的生物，比那些把食物緩慢轉(zhuǎn)換成能量的動(dòng)物壽命短。11. allure 吸引；誘惑例句：The allure of home-working for employees is becoming greater, given the stress and rising costs associated with commuting.由于通勤造成的壓力及不斷上升的成本，家庭辦公對(duì)雇員越來(lái)越有吸引力。12. exceed 超過(guò)；超出例句：Their analysis found that such

53、levels of pollution exceed the recommended safe limits of World Health Organization by more than 60%.他們的分析發(fā)現(xiàn)，這樣的污染水平比世界衛(wèi)生組織推薦的安全上限高出60%以上。Using traditional legacy architectures, the time, effort and cost associated with the integration may exceed the business benefit.如果使用傳統(tǒng)遺留的建筑，花在整合方面的世界、精力和成本有可能超過(guò)

54、所帶來(lái)的商業(yè)利潤(rùn)。13. coalesce 聯(lián)合；合并；結(jié)合例句：Asteroids are chunks of rock from “failed” planets, which never managed to coalesce into full-sized planets.小行星是來(lái)自“失敗”行星的巖石塊，它們沒(méi)能凝聚成完整的行星。These services can coalesce to accomplish a specific business task, enabling businesses to quickly adapt to changing conditions a

55、nd requirements.這些服務(wù)項(xiàng)目可以結(jié)合起來(lái)，完成具體的商業(yè)任務(wù)，讓企業(yè)很快適應(yīng)新條件和新要求。14. exerton發(fā)揮；施加（影響、外力等）例句：Hence, the euro would exert market pressure to banish restrictive labor laws that had been a European institution, and economic curse, for decades.由此，歐元將會(huì)產(chǎn)生市場(chǎng)壓力，可望廢除限制勞工法這個(gè)歐洲的產(chǎn)物，在過(guò)去幾十年里，該法已經(jīng)成了經(jīng)濟(jì)的詛咒。This experiment will

56、probably expand, and continue to exert a growing influence on the shape of the global economy.這項(xiàng)試驗(yàn)的規(guī)模很可能還會(huì)擴(kuò)大，并繼續(xù)對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)形態(tài)產(chǎn)生日益重大的影響。15. encompass 包括；包圍；圍繞例句：Pure management themes grew to encompass world financial and political matters, including north-south and East-West relations and Global trade.單一的

57、管理問(wèn)題演變成世界范圍內(nèi)的金融與政治事件，包括南北關(guān)系、東西關(guān)系，以及全球貿(mào)易。Such efforts need to encompass measures to build a higher level of trust among the returnees and the local populations.這些努力必須包括在回返者與當(dāng)?shù)厝酥g建立更高信任的措施。16. beyond the reach of 不及；達(dá)不到；夠不著例句：No doubt, China 's property prices have risen rapidly beyond the reach of much of the country' s middle class.毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)，中國(guó)房?jī)r(jià)飛漲，國(guó)內(nèi)中產(chǎn)階層已無(wú)力承擔(dān)。The worlds of science and technology so important for our lives today remain beyond the reach of most.科