最新人教版八年級下冊英語unit1-unit3單元知識點

1、Unit 1 Whats the matter? 1.What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you? 你怎么了？ matter 和trouble 為名詞， 其前可加the 或形容詞性物主代詞，wrong 是adj. 不能加the用于詢問某人有什么病或某人遇到什么麻煩、問題其后跟詢問對象時， 與介詞with連用。即：Whats the matter with sb.? = Whats your trouble? = Whats up? = What happens to sb.?2

2、. I had a cold.我感冒了。 have a cold=catch a cold=have the flu感冒 have a fever 發(fā)燒 have a cough咳嗽 have a stomachache胃疼，肚子疼 have a toothache牙疼 have a headache頭疼3. 身體部位+ache（疼痛）構(gòu)成新的復合詞stomach+ache=stomachache head+ache=headache tooth+ache=toothache back+ache=backache后背痛4. much too+ 形容詞，意為 太. ，too much+名詞，意為

3、 很多，大量 。5. enough【形容、副詞】足夠的/地，enough放在名前后，形副后。good enough足夠好，enough money=much money6. lie down躺下， lie 躺，躺著，過去式lay；lie說謊，過去式lied7.sound like+名詞代詞和從句：It sounds like you dont know the truth. It sounds like a good idea.sound+形容詞，“聽起來，好像”，The music sounds nice.8. need 需要，實義動詞need+名詞，需要某物； need to do sth

4、.需要做某事，主語通常是人，表示人主動的動作：You need to listen carefully during class. need doing sth.主語通常是物，表示被動的動作：Your dirty clothes need washing.9. get off (the bus) 下（公交車） get on 上車10. agree 同意，贊同;agree with sth. 同意某事agree to sb. 同意某人的意見 12. be in trouble遇到麻煩，make trouble 制造麻煩 ，have trouble (in) doing sth. =have di

5、fficulties (in) doing sth做.有麻煩。 13. right away=right now=at once，意為 馬上 。14.【復習】 advice 不可數(shù)名詞勸告，建議，向征求意見， give sb. advice on sth.就某事給某人建議； advise 動詞 advise sb. to do sth. 建議某人做某事 advise sb. doing sth.15. hurt 及物動詞，使疼痛，受傷，He hurt his leg while exercising. 不及物動詞，（部位）疼。 His leg hurt badly.16. hit （用手或器具

6、）打；擊打 The boy hit the dog with a stone. hit sb. on the head/ nose/ back打某人的頭、鼻子、后背，on用在所打較硬的部位； hit sb. in the face/ eye/ stomach 打某人的臉、眼睛、肚子，in用在所打較軟的部位。17. be used to sth./ doing sth.習慣于、適應了、做某事，強調(diào)狀態(tài)； His grandpa was used to country life. Mary is not used to getting up early in the morning. get/ b

7、ecome used to sth./ doing sth. “變得習慣，逐漸適應”強調(diào)過程、動作： Its difficult for one to get used to another countrys habit.18. When his water run out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.物:sth. run out. 某物用盡了。 人:sb. run out of sth. 人用盡了某物。He run out of all his money last night.19. ri

8、sk (sb.) to do sth. 冒險去做某事 take a risk=take risks 冒險 20. the importance of (doing) sth.（做）某事的重要性 We students should know the importance of (learning) English. importance n. 重要（性）， important adj.重要的，unimportant adj.不重要的21. decision 【名詞】決定；抉擇； make a decision 做決定 ; make a decision to do sth.= decide t

9、o do sth. 。22. be in the control of 掌管，管理 The headmaster is in the control of this new school. be out of control無法控制，無法管理 be under control被控制住，在控制之中23.mind意為 介意 ，mind doing sth. 介意做某事, Would you mind my opening the window?24. give up (doi年g) sth. 放棄（做）某事，give up (playing) computer games；二、重點語法【反身代詞】

10、英語中共有八個反身代詞，在使用時應注意和它所指的相應的對象在人稱、性別、數(shù)上保持一致。數(shù) 人稱 第一人稱第二人稱第三人稱單數(shù)myselfyourselfhimself herself itself復數(shù)ourselvesyourselvesthemselves【用法】1. 可用作賓語，指的是賓語和主語表示同一個或同一些的人或事物。 如：Maria bought herself a scarf. We must look after ourselves very well. 2. 可用作表語，指的是表語和主語表示同一個或同一些人或事物。 如： She isnt quite herself toda

11、y. 3. 可用作主語或賓語的同位語，常用來加強語氣。如：She herself will fly to London tomorrow. I met the writer himself last week. 4. 用在某些固定短語當中。如： look after oneself / take care of oneself 照顧自己 teach oneself sth./ learn sth. by oneself自學enjoy oneself 玩得高興，過得愉快 help oneself to sth 請自用（隨便吃/喝些）. hurt oneself摔傷自己 say to onesel

12、f自言自語 leave sb. by oneself把某人單獨留下 buy oneself sth.給自己買東西 introduce oneself 介紹自己提醒1. 反身代詞不能單獨做主語，但可以做主語的同位語，起強調(diào)作用。 如：我自己能完成作業(yè)。（誤）Myself can finish my homework. (正) I myself can finish my homework. / I can finish my homework myself.2. 反身代詞表示“某人自己”不能表示“某人的東西”，因為它沒有所有格的形式。表達“某人自己的（東西）”時，須要用ones own. 如：我

13、用我自己的蠟筆畫畫。（誤）Im drawing with myself crayons. (正) Im drawing with my own crayons.Unit 2 Ill help to clean up the city parks一、基本知識點1. sick 生病的，有病的；可在句中作表語Mary could not come because she is sick. 也可作定語a sick child 【區(qū)別ill】ill與sick同義；但是只在句中做表語，不做定語。Mary could not come because she is ill.2. cheer (sb.) up

14、（讓某人）變得高興；振奮起來The good news cheered up everyone in our class.3. give out分發(fā)；散發(fā)=hand out.The teacher is giving out/ handing out the test papers. give sth. out to sb. 意為把某物分發(fā)給某人4. volunteer 【名詞】志愿者 【動詞】義務做，自愿做（某事）volunteer to do sth. 自愿做某事 ， The girls could volunteer in an after-school study program.5.

15、 used to do sth.過去/曾經(jīng)(常)做某事，表示過去的習慣、動作或狀態(tài)，并強調(diào)現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)不再存在或發(fā)生。 There used to be a cinema here. 這里曾有一個照相機。 They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他們告訴我關(guān)于這里過去的故事。 6. alone 【形容詞】獨自一人的，無感情色彩：The musician enjoyed living alone and writing songs himself. lonely （感到）孤獨寂寞的，帶有很強的感情色彩，可做表語或定

16、語。The lonely boy is not lonely now.7. care for sb./sth.照顧；照料 care 【名詞】小心，關(guān)心take care of=look after 【動詞】care about sb./sth.關(guān)心，在意某人/事 【形容詞】careful 仔細的 / careless 粗心的 【副詞】carefully 仔細地 8. such “這樣的，這種，如此”，用于修飾名詞 such+ a/ an+形容詞+單數(shù)名詞：such a good day 多么美好的一天 /such an exciting match 多么 精彩的比賽 such+形容詞+復數(shù)名詞

17、/不可數(shù)名詞：such important decisions多么重要的建議such delicious food多么美味的食物 如果名詞前被many, much, few, little修飾時，只能用so，而不用such：so many sick children/ so little time9. try out for參加選拔，爭取成為Thirty football players tried out for the Best Player of the year. try out試用，試驗10. journey （尤指長途）旅行行程；trip多指短途旅行；travel travel a

18、round the world 【名詞】traveler旅行者11.【復習】be busy with sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 be busy doing sth. 忙于（做）什么事情 12. try doing sth. 試著去做某事 try to do sth. 盡力去做某事 try ones best (to do sth.) 盡某人最大的努力去做某事 13.【復習】be worried about sb./ sth. = worry about sb./ sth. 擔心某人、某事 14. raise money集資，籌錢；raise money for為籌錢 raise【動詞】舉起

19、；提高；募集15. keep【動詞】keep+名詞，保留（某物）；keep+形容詞，保持16.【形容詞】broken破損的，出毛病的；blind瞎的，失明的；deaf聾的；disabled有殘疾的，喪失能力的；在句中做定語和表語。17. make it possible (for sb.) to do sth.使（某人）做某事成為可能， make it +形容詞(+for sb.) to do sth. 使（某人）做某事成為； think/find it +形容詞to do sth. 18. make a difference to對有影響；對有作用，difference前可以用no, any

20、, some, much等修飾，如The rain made no difference to the game. Hard-working makes much difference to study.19. difficulty【可數(shù)/不可數(shù)】表示抽象意義的“困難”時為不可數(shù)；表示具體的“難題、難事”時為可數(shù)；have difficulty (in) doing sth.= have trouble (in) doing sth. 做某事有困難 20. train【動詞】訓練，trained為過去分詞，可做定語，意為“受過訓練的”a trained dog21. be excited ab

21、out sth. 對某事感到興奮 ，Everyone is excited about the good news.22. order【名詞】命令，指示；順序，次序【動詞】訂購；點（菜）follow the order。23. change【動詞】變化，改變Its hard for a person to change his life(style). 【名詞】變化；零 change A for B用A換成B：When you travel in China, remember to change US dollars for RMB.24. repair 【動詞】修理，修補； fix【動詞】

22、安裝；使固定 【fix up修理=repair】 Unit3 Could you please clean your room?1. Peter ,could you please take out the trash? 彼得，你能把垃圾倒了嗎？Could you please do sth ?請你（做）.好嗎？用于提出請求，希望得到對方的肯定回答，說話的語氣比較客氣委婉。 Could 不是can的過去式，是委婉、禮貌的說法?；卮鹩胏an.【常用答語】肯定回答：Sure./ Of course./ Certainly./No problem. 否定回答： Sorry , I cant2、tak

23、e out 取出（v+ adv） 【注】: 跟代詞做賓語，代詞放中間； 跟名詞做賓語，可放在中間，也可放在后邊take out the trash 倒垃圾 take a walk 散步 take away 拿走 take back 收回 take place 發(fā)生 take off 脫下； 起飛3.Can you do the dishes.？那你可以洗盤子嗎？do the dishes 洗碗1.do the +名詞： do the dishes/ laundry 洗餐具/衣服 2.do the +動詞-ing do the cleaning 打掃衛(wèi)生結(jié)構(gòu)3.do ones + 名詞 do o

24、nes homework 做家庭作業(yè)4.do some +動詞-ing do some reading/ shopping 讀寫書/購物4、 Could I at least finish watching this show? 至少讓我看完這個節(jié)目可以嗎？1】Could I do sth? 我可以做.嗎？用于表達請求，語氣比較委婉。 Could I go out with my classmate this weekend?2】at least 至少，。(反) at most 至少，不超過Now all of us exercise at least an hour a day and ou

25、tside school.3】finish v 結(jié)束；完成 finish doing sth 做完某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock?5、I think two hours of TV is enough for you! 我覺得你看兩個小時的電視已經(jīng)足夠了。1】two hours of TV 表示時間、距離、金額、度量等詞語作主語時，通常被視作整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式。 How time is flies! Three years _is_(be) really a short time.【注意】enough 修飾

26、名詞時，置于名詞前；修飾形容詞時，置于形容詞之后。Mr. Smith has enough money ,but he isnt kind enough to help others. 6、Could you take out the rubbish, fold the clothes and do the dishes? 你能把垃圾倒了。把衣服疊好，再把碗洗了嗎？take 的用法： 1.拿 取 Please take some books to the classroom.2. 吃，喝服用 Take this medicine three times a day. 3.乘They usual

27、ly take the bus to work. 4.花費時間/金錢It takes me two hours to do my homework every day.take a walk 去散步 take a rest 休息 take care of 照顧 take off 脫下；起飛 take up 占據(jù) take down 拿下 take ones time 不急；慢慢來 take ones temperature 量體溫7. The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over . 我剛坐在電視機前面，我媽媽就過來了?！?/p>

28、解析1】the minute = as soon as “一. 就.” Please write to me the minute you get there.【解析2】 in front of 指在物體外部的【記】The policeman stood _in front of_ the car. in the front of 指在物體內(nèi)部的前面The driver sat _in the front of_ the car.有the無the區(qū)別大 at table 吃飯；進餐 at the table 在桌邊 in hospital 住院 in the hospital 在醫(yī)院（不一定看

29、?。ヽome 短語 ：come across（偶然）發(fā)現(xiàn) come back 回來 come up with想出 come true實現(xiàn) come down下來 come from=be from來自,出生于come in/into進入,進來 come on趕快,加油 come along走吧,過來,快點 come and go來來去去 come up上來 come out出來，(花)開，(照片)沖洗出來7. You watch TV all the time and never help out around the house! 你總是看電視，從不幫忙做家務！all the time =

30、always 8. Im just as tired as you are! 我和你一樣累！ 【解析】as.as . 和.一樣.9. For one week , she did not do any housework and neither did I. 一周的時間，她不做任何家務，我也不做?！窘馕觥縩either +助動詞/系動詞/情態(tài)動詞 +主語 “某人（主語） 也不” neither兩者都不 neither nor 既不也不, 連接兩個詞做主語，謂語動詞由后一個主語確定Neither Tom nor Jim is a student 表達“也不則用 “Neither /Nor + b

31、e / V助 / V情 + 主” The first one wasnt bad. Neither was the second. 10. The next day , my mom came home from work to find the house clean and tidy.【解析】find +賓語+賓語補足語 【注】find found found v尋找 (1) find sb. doing sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 發(fā)現(xiàn)做某事很困難 S

32、he found _it_ hard to finish the work by herself. 11. She asked in surprise.她吃驚地問道?！窘馕觥縤n surprise 驚奇地；吃驚地 surprise v 使吃驚surprising adj. 令人吃驚的 surprised adj. 吃驚的 to ones surprise 使某人吃驚的是 in surprise 吃驚地 be surprised at 對感到吃驚12. “ Im do sorry, Mom. I finish understand that we need to share the housew

33、ork to have a clean and comfortable home.” I replied. “對不起，媽媽。我終于理解為了擁有一個干凈、舒適的家我們需要共同來分擔家務?！蔽一卮鹫f。【解析1】need v 需要用于肯定句，是實義動詞。(1)人做主語，sb. need to do sth 某人需要做某事 (2)物做主語，sth need doing sth= sth need to be done用于否定句或疑問句，是情態(tài)動詞(1)neednt = dont have to 沒有必要 (2)need ,must 引導的一般疑問句，肯定會的用must,否定回答用neednt Must

34、 I go there now? Yes，you must/No, you neednt【解析2】share 分享；共用 share sth 分享或共用某物share sth with sb. 與某人分享某物 (All his friends _Shared_ his happiness when he won the match.13. Could you please pass me the salt?你能把鹽遞給我嗎 pass sb.sth 把某物遞給某 Pass on 傳遞 Please pass the paper on to the other students. v 通過；路過

35、I pass your home. v 通過（考試） ；及格 Tom can pass his math exam.15. Could I borrow that book?我能借下你那本書看嗎、 Could you lend me some money?你能借我一些錢嗎？(1) borrow ,與from 連用，尤指主語“借進來”borrow sth from sb. 從某人那里借某物You can borrow the book from the library.(2) lend ,與to 搭配指借出去 lend sb sth=lend sth to sb 把某物借給某人He doesnt

36、 want to lend his book to others.(3) (3)keep 保留，保存（延續(xù)動詞，可以與表示一段時間的狀語連用）【指借一段時間】 I want to _borrow_ a bike from my friend but he didnt _lend_ it to me, because Tom had _kept_ it for two days.16. I cut my finger and Im trying not to get it wet.我的手指割傷了，傷口不能弄濕。try (not) to do sth努力（不）做某事。(1)try on 試穿 (2

37、) try to do sth 努力做某事 【側(cè)重盡力做】 (3) try doing sth 試圖做某事 【側(cè)重嘗試做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 盡某人最大努力做某事17. I hate to do chores. 我討厭做家務。hate to do sth 討厭做某事, 表示某次具體行為或動作。 I hate to trouble him. hate doing sth不愿意做某事 表示經(jīng)?；蛄晳T性行為或動作。 She hates smoking in her room. 18.Could I ask you to

38、 help me with some chores then?那我能請求你幫我做些雜活嗎？【解析】ask sb. to do sth 要求某人做某事。ask for 請求，要某物 ask sb. about sth 向某人詢問關(guān)于某事 (1)ask sb. for help 向某人請求幫助 (2) ask sb. (not) to do sth請求某人做某事ask sb. to do sth請某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth 不讓某人做某事 ask sb for sth 向某人要某物ask for help尋求幫助19.Ill finish my homework whi

39、le you help me with the dishes.當你幫我洗盤子的時候，我將完成我的家庭作業(yè)?！窘馕?】finish doing sth 完成某事 Can you finish _reading_ these books before 10 oclock?【解析2】while conj. “在期間； 當?shù)臅r候”While 引導的時間狀語從句的謂語動詞只能是延續(xù)動詞。While the children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.【解析3】help sb. with sth. 在某事上幫助某人。help

40、 v 幫助 helpful adj. 有幫助的(1)help sb. do sth. =help sb. with sth. 幫助某人做某事(2)with the help of sb.=with ones help在某人的幫助之下(3)without the help of 沒有在的幫助之下1.I think reading is very helpful.2.Without your help, we couldnt catch the thief.20. Could I invite my friends to a party? 我能邀請我的朋友們來聚會嗎？【解析】invite sb.

41、to Sp. 邀請某人去某地【解析】invite v invitation n邀請(1) invite sb. to do sth 邀請某人做某事(2)invite sb. to +地點 邀請某人去某地21.I dont understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不理解為什么有些父母在家讓孩子們幫忙做家務和雜務。【解析】make sb. do sth 讓某人做某事make made made v. 做， 制作， 使得 (1) make sb/sth + 形容詞 “讓某

42、人或某物” make you happy (2) make sb/sth do sth 使某人做某事 make me laugh. 22.They dont have time to study and do housework，too. 他們也沒有時間來學習家務和做家務?！窘馕觥縣ave time to do sth.有時間做某事have time =be free 有空23. Housework is a waste of their time. 做家務是在浪費他們的時間。a waste of 浪費 a waste of time 浪費時間 a waste of money 浪費金 was

43、te time/money on sth waste time / money (in) doing sth 在做某事上花費時間/金錢24.They should spend their time on schoolwork in order to get good grades and get into a good university. 為了取得好成績并考上一所好大學，他們應該把時間用在學習上。in order to 目的是；為了后接動詞原形。in order to do sth 為了做某事He ran quickly in order not to be late for the me

44、eting.【解析2】get into =enter 進入 【拓展】與get相關(guān)的短語：get up 起床 get back 返回 get over 克服 get dressed穿衣 get into進入 get/be lost丟失 get off/on下/上車 get on well with sb.與某人相處得好 get out of從出來 get warm 變曖 get ready for +n.為做準備 get ready to do sth.準備做某事 get well康復 get a chance 有機會、得到機會get/go to sleep(fall asleep)入睡 相關(guān)：

45、(be asleep睡著) 25.Also,when they get older, they will have to do housrwork so theres no need for them to do it now. 而且，當他們長大的時候，他們也將會做家務，因此，他們沒必要現(xiàn)在在做。 get/ become/ go辨析： get+adj較多地與形容詞比較級連用。The days are getting longer and longer. become 強調(diào)變化的結(jié)果 Its becoming colder and colder.go+adj.表示令人不快的事情go bad變壞，

46、go blind變瞎，go hungry挨餓26. It is the parents job to provide a clean and comfortable environment at home for their children. 在家為孩子們提供一個干凈、舒適的環(huán)境是父母的義務?！窘馕觥縫rovide sth. for sb. 為某人提供某物 provide sb. with sth. (sb 前介詞用for) =provide sth for sb.( sth 前需加介詞with)供應某人某物 相當于：offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb. pro

47、vide為應急等做好準備而“提供； 供給”provide sb. with sth. =provide sth for sb.提供某人某物offer側(cè)重表示“愿意給予”offer sb. sth. = offer sth to sb.對某人提供某物 offer to do sth 主動提出干某事supply 定期“供應” , 強調(diào)替代或補充所需物品Supply sb. with sth=supply sth. to sb. 為某人提供某物The Internet provides us _a lot of information we need.27. And anyway, I think

48、doing chores is not so difficult. 無論如何，我認為做家務并不那么難?！窘馕觥縜nyway 無論如何, (一般放在句首，用逗號和句子隔開）28. I think it is important for children to learn how to do chores and help their parents with housework. 我認為對孩子們來說，學習如何做雜務并幫助他們的父母做家務是很重要的?！窘馕觥縄t is important for sb. to do sth. 對某人來說做某事是重要的29. Children these days depend on their parents too much.現(xiàn)在的孩子太依賴他們的父母。30. . Everyone should do their part in keeping it clean and tidy. 每個人都有責任