初一英語語法及主要知識點歸納總結(jié)

1、初一英語知識點歸納總結(jié)分類：英語學(xué)習(xí)Unit 1 Where s your pen pal from?一短語：1 be from = come from 來自于 2 live in 居住在-3 on weekends 在周末4 write to sb = write a letter to sb 給某人寫信；寫信給某人5 in the world 在世界上in China 在中國6 pen pal 筆友 14 years old 14 歲 favorite subject 最喜歡的科目7 the United States 美國 the United Kingdom 英國 New York 紐

2、約8 speak English 講英語 like and dislike 愛憎9 go to the movies 去看電影play sports 做運動二重點句式：1 Where s your pen pal from? = Where does your pen pal from/2 Where does he live?3 What language（s） does he speak?4 I want a pen pal in China.5 I can speak English and a little French.6 Please write and tell me about

3、 yourself.7 Can you write to me soon?8 I like going to the movies with my friends and playing sports.三本單元的國家，人民、語言對應(yīng)。1 CanadaCanadianEnglish / French2 FranceFrenchFrench3 JapanJapanese Japanese4 AustraliaAustralianEnglish5 the United StatesAmericanEnglish6 the United Kingdom-BritishEnghishUnit 2 Whe

4、re s the post office?1 Asking ways: （ 問路 ）1. . Where is （the nearest） ?（最近的）在哪里？2. Can you tell me the way to ?你能告訴我去的路嗎？3. How can I get to?我怎樣到達呢？4. Is there nearhere / in the neighborhood?附近有嗎？5. Which is the w ay to ? 哪條是去的路？2 Showing the ways: （指路）1. Go straight down / along this street. 沿著這條街一

5、直走。2. Turn left at the second turning. 在第二個路口向左轉(zhuǎn)。3. You will find it on your right. 你會在你右手邊發(fā)現(xiàn)它。4. It is about one hundred metres from here. 離這里大約一百米遠。5. You' d better take a bus.你最好坐公交車去。（You' d better+i詞原形） 三詞組1. across from 在的對面 across from the bank 在車艮行的對面2. next to 緊靠 next to the superma

6、rket 緊靠超市3. between and在和之間between the park and the zoo 在公園和動物園之間among 表示位于三者或三者以上之間4. in front of 在前面 There is a tree in front of the classroom.課室前面有棵樹。in the front of 在 （內(nèi)） 的前部 There is a desk in the front of theclassroom.課室內(nèi)的前部有張桌子。5. behind 在后面 behind my house 在我家后面6. turn left/ right 向左/右拐on th

7、e left/right of在某物的左/右邊 on the left of our school 在我們學(xué)校的左邊on one ' s left/righ住某人的左/右邊on my left在我左邊7. go straight 一直走8. down /along 沿著（街道）down/along Center Street沿著中央街9. in the neighborhood=near here 在附近10. welcome to 歡迎來到11. take /have a walk 散步12. the beginning of 的開始，前端at the beginning of 在的

8、開始，前端in the beginning 起初，一開始13. have fun=have a good time=enjoy oneself 玩得開心，過得愉快我昨天玩得很開心。I had fun yesterday.I had a good time yesterday.I enjoyed myself yesterday.14. have a good trip 旅途愉快15. take a taxi 坐出租車16. 到達： get to + 地方 get here/ there/ home 到這/那 /家arrive in + 大地方 I arrive in Beijing.arriv

9、e at + 小地方 I arrive at the bank.reach + 地方17. go across 從物體表面橫過go across the street 橫過馬路go through 從空間穿過go through the forest 穿過樹林18. on + 街道的名稱。Eg: on Center Streetat + 具體門牌號+街道的名稱Eg: at 6 Center Street三重難點解析1 enjoy doing sth 享受做某事的樂趣，喜愛做某事I enjoy reading. 我喜愛讀書。到目前為止，我們學(xué)了兩個特殊的動詞finish和enjoy ,都是要帶d

10、oing.I finish cleaning the room. 我掃完了這間屋子。2 hope to do sth 希望做某事I hope to pass this exam. 我希望通過這次考試。hope + 從句 I hope tomorrow will be fine. 我希望明天將會晴朗。（從句即是一個小句子，這個小句子又放在大句子中，從屬于大句子，所以叫從句。如 tomorrow will be fine 是一個從句，它又放在I hope 的后面，形成句中有句。）3 . if 引導(dǎo)一個表示假設(shè)的句子。If I have much money, I will go to the mo

11、on. 如果我有許多錢，我就會去月球。If you are hungry, you can buy some food in the supermarket.如果你餓了的話，你可以在超市買一些食物。四本單元的反義詞、近義詞配對1new old 2 quiet- busy 3 dirty- clean 4 bigsmallUnit 3 Why do you like koala bears?一重點詞組eat grass eat leaves be quiet very shy very smart very cuteplay with her friends kind of South Afri

12、ca other animalsat night in the day every day during the day二 . 交際用語1. Why do you like pandas? Because they re very clever.2. Why does he like koalas? Because they re kind of interesting.3. Where are lions from? They are from South Africa.4. What other animals do you like?I like dogs, too.Why?Becaus

13、e they re friendly and clever.5. Molly likes to play with her friends and eat grass.6. She s very shy.7. He is from Australia.8. He sleeps during the day, but at night he gets up and eats leaves.9. He usually sleeps and relaxes 20 hours every day.10. Let s see the pandas first.11. They re kind of in

14、teresting.12. What other animals do you like?13. Why do you want to see the lions?三 . 重點難點釋義1、 、 kind of 有點，稍微Koala bears are kind of shy. 考拉有點害羞。kind 還有 “種類 ”的意思如：各種各樣的all kinds ofWe have all kinds of beautiful flowers in our school.2、 China n. 中國 Africa n. 非洲China 和 Africa 都是專有名詞，首字母都應(yīng)該大寫，而且和介詞in

15、連用。There are many kinds of tigers in China.There are many kinds of scary animals in Africa.3、 friendly adj. 友好的，和藹可親的它是名詞friend 的形容詞形式，常常和be 動詞連用 , be friendly 。The people in Chengdu are very friendly.4、with prep.跟，同，和在一起I usually play chess with my father.注意區(qū)別與and 的用法， and 通常用于連接主語或賓語，連接主語時，如果有 I,

16、I 通常放在and 之后，如：My father and I usually play chess together.Play with和“一起玩?！蓖妗啊?I often play with my pet dog.Don t play with water!5、 day 和 night 是一對反義詞，day 表示白天或一天，night 表示夜或夜晚。通常說 in the day, during the day, at night 。Koala bears often sleep during the day and eat leaves at night.6、 、 leaf n. 葉子復(fù)數(shù)形

17、式為：leaves, 類似的變化還有：wife wives, wolf wolves,knife knives 等。7、 hour n. 小時；點鐘hour 前邊通常加上冠詞an 表示 “一個小時 ”， 即： an hour。There are 24 hours in a day and 60minutes in an hour.8、be from來自 be from = come from Pandas are from China. = Pandas come form China.9 、 meat n. （食用的）肉，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示“許多 ”時，使用much 來修飾，即：much m

18、eatHe eats much meat every day.10 、 grass n. 草，為不可數(shù)名詞，表示“許多 ”時，使用much 來修飾，即：muchgrass。There is much grass on the playground.四 . 語法知識特殊疑問句通常以“ what、”“ who”、 “ which、 ”“ when”、 “ where、” “ how”、 “ how old、 ”“how man常開頭，對某一具體問題進行提問。特殊疑問句的基本構(gòu)成有兩種情況：1. 疑問句 +一般疑問句結(jié)構(gòu)。這是最常見的情況。例如：What' s your grandfathe

19、r ' s telephone number?爺?shù)碾娫捥柎a是多少？Who is that boy with big eyes? 那個大眼睛的男孩是誰？Which season do you like best? 你最喜歡哪個季節(jié)？When is he going to play the piano? 他什么時候彈鋼琴？Where does he live? 他住在哪兒？How are you? 你好嗎？How old are you? 你多大了？How many brothers and sisters do you have? 你有幾個兄弟姐妹？2. 疑問句 +陳述句結(jié)構(gòu)。這時疑問詞

20、作主語或修飾主語。例如：Who is on duty today?今天誰值日？Which man is your teacher?哪位男士是你的老師？我們學(xué)過的What/How about+ 名詞 /代詞+其他？也是特殊疑問句，它是一種省略結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：I like English. What/How about you? 我喜歡英語。你呢？What about playing basketball? 打籃球怎么樣？Unit 4 I want to be an actor.一短語：1 want to do sth 想要作某事2 give sb sth = give sth to sb 給某人某物

21、/ 把某物給某人3 help sb do sth 幫助某人作某事Eg: I want to help my mother do somehousework at home.4 help sb with sth 幫助某人謀事Eg: I want to help my mother with somehousework at home5 in the day 在白天6 at night 在晚上7 talk with/ to sb 和 談話8 be busy doing sth 忙于做某事Eg: He is busy listening to the teacher.9 in a hospital

22、在醫(yī)院 l10 work/ study hard 努力工作11 Evening Newspaper 晚報二重點句式及注意事項：1詢問職業(yè)的特殊疑問詞是what;有三種主要句式 What + is / are + sb? What + does/ do + sb + do? What + is/ are + 名詞所有格/ 形容詞性物主代詞+ job?2 People give me their money or get their money from me.3 Sometimes I work in the day and sometimes at night.4 I like talking

23、 to people.5 I work late. I m very busy when people go out to dinners.6 Where does your sister work?7 then we have a job for you as a waiter.8 Do you want to work for a magazine? Then come and work for us as a reporter.9 Do you like to work evenings and weekends?10 We are an international school for

24、 children of 5-12.三 本單元中的名詞復(fù)數(shù)。1 policeman- policemen 2 woman doctorwomen doctors 3thiefthieves首先 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)I have an apple.其次 定狀補I really have a big apple.really 做 have 的狀語 狀語修飾動詞動詞一般就是謂語動詞big 做 apple 的定語 定語修飾名詞名詞一般是主語或賓語最后主系表結(jié)構(gòu)它與主謂賓很相似只不過謂語動詞時系動詞最常見的是be 動詞及其變形I am a student 。主語通常用于句子開端，主要有：i,you,he,she,

25、it,we,they，但it有時用作形式主 語，表特指。謂語，通常放在主語之后，一般是動詞，表示“某某人在。 ”賓語，通常放在謂語之后，一般是主語的賓格。有時候是人，有時候是物。定語，狀語，通常是從句。定語從句：常有關(guān)系代詞thatwhichwhowhoes ，關(guān)系副詞whenwherewhy.通常選擇關(guān)系詞的步驟是：1 、確定先行詞2.確定關(guān)系詞.主系表：主，就是主語。系，特指系動詞，就是說當(dāng)句子中沒有謂語時，用系動詞來代替。表，修飾系動詞用。1 、名詞A）、名詞的數(shù)我們知道名詞可以分為可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞，而不可數(shù)名詞它沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式，但可數(shù)名詞卻有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)之分，復(fù)數(shù)的構(gòu)成如下：）在后面力

26、口 s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, apples, bananas 二）x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes 三） 1 ） 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的變y 為 i 再加 es 如： baby-babies, family-families,duty-duties, comedy-comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories 2） 以元音字母加y 結(jié)尾的直接加s。 如： day-days

27、, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys,ways四）以o結(jié)尾加s （外來詞）。如：radios, photos,但如是輔音加。的加es ： 如 : tomatoes 西紅柿 , potatoes 馬鈴薯五）以 f 或 fe 結(jié)尾的變 f 為 v 再力口 es（s）。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-leaves, yourself-yourselves六）單復(fù)數(shù)相同（不變的）有：fish, sheep, deer 鹿子 , Chinese, Japanese7） 一般只有復(fù)數(shù)，沒有單數(shù)

28、的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves,clothes, socks8） 單詞形式不變，既可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)的有：police 警察局， 警察 , class班，同學(xué), family 家，家庭成員9） 合成的復(fù)數(shù)一般只加主要名詞，多數(shù)為后一個單詞。如： action movie-actionmovies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man 或 woman 所組成的合成詞的復(fù)數(shù)則同時為復(fù)數(shù)。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers十）有的單復(fù)數(shù)意思不

29、同。如：fish 魚 fishes 魚的種類, paper 紙 papers 報紙，卷子，論文, work 工作 works 作品，工廠, glass 玻璃 glasses 玻璃杯，眼鏡,orange 桔子水 oranges 橙子 , light 光線 lights 燈 , people 人 peoples 民族 , time時間 times 時代 , 次數(shù) , chicken 雞肉 chickens 小雞H一'）單個字母的復(fù)數(shù)可以有兩種形式直接加s或0s如：Is （I ' s）, Ks （K Us）如是縮略詞則只加s。如：IDs, VCDs, SARs十二） 特殊形式的有：c

30、hild-children, man-men, woman-women, foot-feet,mouse-mice, policeman-policemen, Englishman-EnglishmenB）名詞的格當(dāng)我們要表示某人的什么東西或人時，我們就要使用所有格形式。構(gòu)成如下：s 。如： brother s, Mike s, teacher s二）復(fù)數(shù)以s 結(jié)尾的直接在s 后加 ，如果不是以s 結(jié)尾的與單數(shù)一樣處理。如：Teachers ' Da敦師節(jié),classmates ' ; Children"zs-DOy, Women' sDay 三八節(jié)3） 由

31、and 并列的名詞所有時，如果是共同所有同一人或物時，只加最后一個 s ，但分別擁有時卻分別按單數(shù)形式處理。如：Mike and Ben' s room邁克和本的房問（共住一間），Mike' s and Ben' s rooms克和本的房間（各自的房間）2、代詞項目 人稱代詞物主代詞指示代詞反身代詞人稱 主格 賓格 形容詞 名詞性第一人稱單數(shù) I me my mine myself復(fù)數(shù) we us our ours ourselves第二人稱單數(shù)you you your yours yourself復(fù)數(shù) you you your yours yourselves第三人稱

32、單數(shù)she her her hers herselfhe him his his himself it it its its this that itself復(fù)數(shù) they them their theirs these those themselves3、動詞A） 第三人稱單數(shù)當(dāng)動詞是第三人稱單數(shù)時，動詞應(yīng)該像名詞的單數(shù)變動詞那樣加s,如下：）般在詞后力口 s。如：comes, spells, waits, talks, sees, dances, trains二）在 x, sh, ch, s, tch 后力口 es。如： watches, washes, wishes, finishes3

33、） 1 ） 以輔音字母加y 結(jié)尾的變y 為 i 再加es。 如： study-studies, hurry-hurries,try-tries2）以元音字母加 y結(jié)尾的直接加 So如：plays, says, stays, enjoys, buys4） 以。結(jié)尾力口 es。如：does, goes五）特殊的有：are-is, have-hasB） 現(xiàn)在分詞當(dāng)我們說某人正在做什么事時，動詞要使用分詞形式，不能用原形，構(gòu)成如下：一） 一般在后加ing。 如： spell-spelling, sing-singing, see-seeing, train-training,play-playing,

34、 hurry-hurrying, watch-watching, go-going, do-doing二）以不發(fā)音 e 的結(jié)尾的去掉 e 再力口 ing。 如：dance-dancing, wake-waking, take-taking, practice-practicing, write-writing, have-having三）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且一個元音字母一個輔音字母（注意除開字母組合如show -showing, draw-drawing ）要雙寫最后的輔音字母冉力口 ing。如：put-putting, run-running, get-getting, let-letting

35、, begin-beginning4） 以 ie 結(jié)尾的變ie 為 y 再加 ing。 如： tie-tying 系 die-dying 死 lie-lying 位于4、形容詞的級我們在對兩個或以上的人或物進行對比時，則要使用比較或最高級形式。構(gòu)成如下：一）一般在詞后加er或est（如果是以e結(jié)尾則直接加r或st）。如：greater-greatest, shorter -shortest, taller Tallest, longer -longest, nicer- nicest, larger -largest二）以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾且1 個元音字母1 個輔音字母（字母組合除外，如few-f

36、ewer fewest）結(jié)尾的雙寫結(jié)尾的輔音再加 er /est。如：big-bigger biggest, red-redder reddest, hot-hotter hottest三） 以輔音字母y 結(jié)尾的變y 為 i 加 er/est 。如： happy-happier happiest,sorry-sorrier sorriest, friendly-friendlier friendliest（more friendly most friendly）, busy-busier busiest, easy-easier easiest四）特殊情況：（兩好多壞，一少老遠） good/w

37、ell - better best many/much - more most bad/ill worse worst little- less least old- older/elder oldest/eldest far- farther/further farthest/furthest5、數(shù)詞（基變序，有規(guī)則；一、二、三，自己背；五、八、九、十二；其它后接 th ； y 結(jié)尾， 變?yōu)?i, eth 跟上去。 ） first, second, third; fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth; seventh, tenth, thirteenth, hundre

38、dth; twenty-twentieth, forty-fortieth,ninety-ninetieth二、初一英語語法 句式1. 陳述句肯定陳述句a） This is a book. （be 動詞 ）b) He looks very young. （ 連系動詞）c) I want a sweat like this. ( 實義動詞)d) I can bring some things to school. ( 情態(tài)動詞)e) There ' s a computer on my desk. (There be結(jié)構(gòu))否定陳述句a) These aren t their books.

39、 b) They don t look nice.c) Kate doesn t go to No. 4 Middle School. d) Kate can t find her doll.e) There isn t a cat here. (=There s no cat here.)2. 祈使句肯定祈使句a) Please go and ask the man. b) Let s learn English!c) Come in, please.否定祈使句a) Don t be late. b) Don t hurry.3. 疑問句1) 一般疑問句a) Is Jim a student

40、? b) Can I help you? c) Does she like salad?d) Do they watch TV? e) Is she reading?肯定回答: a) Yes, he is. b) Yes, you can. c) Yes, she does. d) Yes, they do. e)Yes, she is.否定回答: a) No, he isn t. b) No, you can t. c) No, she doesn t. d) No, they done) No, she isn t.2) 選擇疑問句Is the table big or small? 回答

41、 It s big./ It s small.3) 特殊疑問句 問年齡 How old is Lucy? She is twelve. 問種類 What kind of movies do you like? I like action movies and comedies. 問身體狀況How is your uncle? He is well/fine. 問方式 How do/can you spell it? L-double O-K.How do we contact you? My e-mail address is cindyjones. 問原因Why do you want to

42、 join the club? 問時間What s the time? (=What time is it?) It s a quarter to ten a.m.What time do you usually get up, Rick? At five o clock.When do you want to go? Let s go at 7:00. 問地方Where s my backpack? It s undtehre table. 問顏色What color are they? They are light blue.What s your favourite color? It

43、s black. 問人物Who s that? It s my sister.Who is the boy in blue? My brother.Who isn t at school? Peter and Emma.Who are Lisa and Tim talking to? 問東西 Wh at s this/that (in English)? It s a pencil case.What else can you see in the picture? I can see some broccoli, strawberries and hamburgers.11 問姓名 What

44、 s your aunt s name? Her name is Helen./She s Helen.What s your first name? My first name s Ben.What s your family name? My family name s Smith.12 問哪一個Which do you like? I like one in the box.13 問字母 What letter is it? It s big D/small f.14 問價格 How much are these pants? They re 15 dollars.-s8354796.1

45、5 問電話號碼What s your phone number? It16 問謂語（動作） What s he doing? He s watching TV.17 問職業(yè) （ 身份 ） What do you do? What s your father? He s a doctor.句子結(jié)構(gòu)18 S（主）+ Vi （不及物動詞）（謂）Time flies.1） S + V + adverbial（ 狀語）Birds sing beautifully.2） S + Vi+ prep Phrase （介詞短語） He went on holiday.3） S + Vi+ Infinitive

46、（ 不定式）We stopped to have a rest.4） S + Vi+ Participle （ 分詞）I'll go swimming.2. S （主）+ Vt （及物動詞）（謂）+ O （賓）We like English.1） S + VT + N/PronI like music.I like her.2） S + VT + infinitive（ 不定式）I want to help him.常用于這句型的動詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend,learn, need, offer, pre

47、tend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish 等。3） S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive I don't know what to do.常用于這句型的動詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out,forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder 等。4） S + VT + GerundI

48、enjoy living here.常用于這句型的動詞有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse,finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help 等。5） S + VT + That-clauseI don't think （that） he is right.常用于這句型的動詞有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand,deny, doubt, expe

49、ct, explain, feel（ 覺得）,hear （聽說）,hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind （當(dāng)心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see （看出） ，show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder（ 覺得奇怪）。3. S （主）+ V （謂）（lv）（系動詞）+ P （表）We are Chinese.除了 be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1）表感官的動詞，feel, smell,taste, sound, lo

50、ok, appear, seem 等。 2） 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞，become, get, grow,turn, go, 等。3）表延續(xù)的動詞remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest 等。 4）表瞬時的動詞come, fall, set, cut, occur 等5）其他動詞eat, lie, prove, ring, run,shine, sit, stand, continue, hang 等。1） S + Lv + N/Pron（ 名詞 /代詞）He is a boy.This is mine.2） S + Lv + Adj （形容詞）She is beau

51、tiful.3） S + Lv + Adv （ 副詞）Class is over.4） S + Lv + Prep PhraseHe is in good health.5） S + Lv + Participle（ 分詞）He is excited.The film is interesting.4. S （主）+ VT （謂）+ In O （間接 賓）+ D O （直接 賓）I give you help.1） S + VT + N/Pron + NI sent him a book.I bought May a book.2） S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phras

52、eHe sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.間接賓語前需要加to 的常用動詞有：allow, bring, deny, do（ 帶來） ， give, grant,hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write 等。間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, lea

53、ve,make, order, paint, play（ 演奏），save, sing, spare 等。5. S （主）+ VT （謂）+ O （賓）+ O C （賓補）I make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + NWe named our baby Tom.常用于這句型的動詞有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name,nominate（ 命名）。2) S + VT + N/Pron + AdjHe painted the wall white.常用于這句型的動詞有：beat, boil,

54、 cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like,make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish 等。3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep PhraseShe always keeps everything in good order.4) S + VT + N/Pron + InfinitiveI wish you to stay.I made him work常用于這句型的動詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause,choose

55、, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish 等。b)不定式不帶 to 的詞：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch 等。5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle ( 分詞)I heard my name called.I feel something moving.常用于這句型的動詞有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave,listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch 等。6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive He show m