普通話第二節(jié) 元音

1、第二節(jié)第二節(jié) 元音元音一、一、元音分類(lèi)元音分類(lèi)（Classification of VowelsClassification of Vowels）元音又稱(chēng)母音，發(fā)音時(shí)氣流通暢，不受阻礙，聲帶震動(dòng)。（一）單元音（一）單元音（MonophthongsMonophthongs）單元音只由一個(gè)元音音素構(gòu)成，發(fā)音時(shí)舌位、唇形、開(kāi)口度始終不變。單元音發(fā)音時(shí)可按舌面隆起的位置分為前元音，后元音和中元音三類(lèi)。1. 1. 前元音前元音（Front Vowels）：/i:/ / /e/ /發(fā)前元音時(shí)舌的最高點(diǎn)在口腔的前部。2. 2. 中元音中元音（Central Vowels）: /:/ / 發(fā)中元音時(shí)舌的最高點(diǎn)

2、在口腔的中部。3.3.后元音后元音（Back Vowels）: /u:/ / /:/ / / /a:/ 發(fā)后元音時(shí)，舌的最高點(diǎn)在口腔的后部。注：有些語(yǔ)音學(xué)家將/ 歸為中元音。（二）雙元音（二）雙元音 (Diphthongs)(Diphthongs)雙元音由兩個(gè)元音音素組成，發(fā)音時(shí)由一個(gè)元音向另一個(gè)元音滑動(dòng)。雙元音根據(jù)口型變化可分為合口雙元音和集合雙元音。1. 合口雙元音（Rising Diphthongs）: /e/ / /a/ /a/ /雙元音的第二組成部分為合口音/ 或 / 。2. 集合雙元音（Centering Diphthongs）: / /e/ /雙元音的第二組成部分為/。 二、發(fā)音

3、規(guī)則二、發(fā)音規(guī)則(一) 單元音1.前元音前元音/i/ /i:/唇形：扁平 齒距：一個(gè)火柴棍舌位：抵下齒練習(xí)練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞 be /bi/2. me /mi/3. we /wi/4. he /hi/5. she /i/6. free /fri/7. tree /tri/8. three /ri/ 9.please/pliz/10. reason / rizn/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. a team leader2. the Chinese people3. a real secret4. a League meeting5. the East Sea Fleet6. a

4、 piece of lean meat三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. I see what you mean.2. Seeing is believing.3. Please feel free to call me.4. Have a sweet dream.5. See you later!6. Oh, I see.7. Good evening!8. Nice to meet you.9. Do you happen to see the key on the seat?10. The food here doesnt seem to agree with me./唇形：扁平齒距：一個(gè)小指

5、尖舌位：抵下齒, 舌身比/i/稍低練習(xí)練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. it /t/2. sit /st/3. big /b/4. kiss /ks/5. miss /ms/6. fill /fl/7. city / st/8. pretty / prt/9. busy / bz/10.ill /il/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. a big city2. a bit chilly3. fix it4. pretty busy5. finish it6. little by little三、對(duì)比三、對(duì)比/i/ 和和/1. feel-fill/fil/- /fl/2. heel-hill

6、/hil/- /hl/3. eel-ill/il/- /il/4. seek-sick/sik/- /sk/5. read-rid/rid/- /rd/6. green-grin/rin/- /rn/7. cheek-chick/tik/- /tk/8. eat-it/it/- /it/9. seen-sin/sin/- /sn/10. sleep-slip/slip/- /slp/四、朗讀句子四、朗讀句子1. Its a little bit difficult. 2. Business is business.3. Who is it?4. This is a small gift, I

7、hope you like it.5. Please read it.6. Keep it a secret between you and me.7. Its a deal.8. Dont cry over spilt milk.9. Sit down, please. 10. Give me a minute. /e/唇形：中常齒距：一個(gè)食指舌位：抵下齒, 但舌位比/ i/低練習(xí)練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. get /et/2.neck /nek/3. dead /ded/4. gentle / dentl/5. yellow / jel/6. pen /pen/7. next

8、 /nekst/ 8. many / meni/9. egg /e/10. question / kwestn /二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. very well2. get ready3. the next sentence4. my best friend5. wet with sweat6. fresh and energetic三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. Welcome!2. Better late than never.3. When is the deadline?4. All is well that ends well. 5. Never let your parents d

9、own.6. East or west, home is best.7. Well, lets get everything ready. 8. Its my pleasure.9. This is their red letter day. 10. So many men, so many minds. /唇形：向兩邊平伸齒距：食指加中指尖舌位：輕觸下齒， 但舌位比/ e/更低 練習(xí)練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞 fat /ft/2. bad /bd/3. fact /fkt/4. man /mn/5. thank /k/6. happy / hpi /7. marry/ mri/8.

10、 matter / mt/9. natural / ntrl/10.absent / bsnt/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. a black cat2. a mad man3. a happy family4. as soon as5. as a matter of fact6. hand in hand三、對(duì)比三、對(duì)比/e/ 和和/1. beg-bag/be/- /b/2. guess-gas/es/- /s/3. met-mat/met/- /mt/4. bed-bad/bed/- /bd/5. lend-land/lend/- /lnd/6. send-sand/send/- /snd/

11、7. pen-pan/pen/- /pn/8. peck-pack/pek/- /pk/9. hem-ham/hem/- /hm/10. led-lad/led/- /ld/四、朗讀句子四、朗讀句子1. A fact is a fact.2. Fancy that!3. Dont let the cat out of the bag. 4. Handsome is as handsome does.5. The cat catches a fat rat. 6. That man had a bad habit.7. What daddy said made me sad.8. Glad to

12、 meet you, Mary.9. Hes very happy to receive a letter.10. I like the red apple. 前元音小結(jié)：前元音小結(jié)：/i:/ / /e/ /1. 舌尖要抵住下齒。2. 舌前部要向硬腭抬起,但舌位逐漸降低。3. 口形扁平,但依次變寬。4. 每個(gè)音的唇形保持不變。2. 2. 中元音中元音/:/ 唇形：扁唇，呈微笑狀齒距：一個(gè)食指舌位：稍稍離開(kāi)下齒齦后緣練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. her /h(r)/ 2.sir / s:(r) 3. word / w: (r)d/ 4. girl / g: (r)l/5. hurt

13、/ h: (r)t/ 6. bird / b: (r)d/7. early / : (r)li / 8. certain / s: (r)tn/9.term / t: (r)m/ 10. perfect /p: (r)fkt/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1.the first term2. learn the word3. a dirty shirt4. a nervous nurse5. her third birthday6. perfect service三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. First come, first served!2. The early bird catches the

14、 worm.3. Certainly!4. Workers of the world, unite!5. Im learning to put first things first.6. The girl gave her a purse.7. There are thirty thirsty birds.8. My sister prefers a purple skirt. 9. Ive never heard anything worse than this.10. Please turn to page thirty and read the first dialogue./唇形：略略

15、開(kāi)口，唇形自然齒距：一個(gè)食指舌位：離開(kāi)下齒齦上部， 舌中部比發(fā)/ / /音時(shí)略低練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1.agree / gri:/ 2. ahead / hed/ 3. asleep / sli:p/4. abroad / br:d/5. attend / tend/ 6. teacher / ti:t(r) / 7. fever/ fi:v(r)/8. never/ nev(r)/9. sugar / g(r)/10. other / (r)/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. along the river2. never forget3. the doctors daughte

16、r4. brothers and sisters5. among the workers6.after supper三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1.Youd better come over now.2.There is an eraser under the computer.3. Nobody is perfect.4. Whats the matter with you?5. Dont bother me!6. Id rather be a teacher than an actor.7. Her younger brother is a doctor.8. Youd better do i

17、t faster.9. Give me some butter and sugar.10. Their performance at the concert was better than ever. 四、朗讀繞口令四、朗讀繞口令Betty Botter bought some butter，But she said，the butters bitterIf I put it in my batter，it will make my batter bitterBut a bit of better butter，will make my batter betterSo she bought a

18、 bit of butter，better than her bitter butterAnd she put it in her batter，and the batter was not bitterSo it was better Betty Botter bought a bit of better butter中元音小結(jié)：中元音小結(jié)：/:/ / 1. 舌尖要抵住下齒,但不如發(fā)前元音時(shí)抵得那么緊。 2. 舌面最高點(diǎn)在舌的中部。3. 唇向兩邊稍稍平伸。3. 3. 后元音后元音/u:/ 唇形：雙唇收?qǐng)A,極小而圓齒距：牙床接近全合舌位：完全離開(kāi)牙齒練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. t

19、oo / tu:/ 2. do / du:/3. who / hu:/4. soon /su:n/5. cool /ku:l/ 6. duty / dju:ti/7. student / stju:dnt/8. music / mju:zk/9. opportunity /ptju:nti/ 10. university /ju:nv:sti/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. a new school2. beautiful music3. too soon4. fruit juice5. choose two6. a revolutionary movement三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. Th

20、ats cool!2. Soon it will be June.3. Give two true tools to the troops.4. Fruit makes your skin smooth.5. Who can tell me the truth?6. Soon my dream will come true.7. Choose either boots or shoes.8. See a movie at noon. 9. Its too good to be true.10. What do you choose to do this afternoon? / 唇形：雙唇收?qǐng)A

21、,稍突出齒距：牙床半合舌位：離開(kāi)下齒，在下齒根部練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. put /pt/2. foot /ft/3. would /wd/4. should /d/ 5. could /kd/6. good /gd/ 7. woman / wmn/8. cook /kk/9. sugar / g(r)/10. pull /pl/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. looks good2. a good book3. a good-looking woman4. book a room5. push the butcher6. by hook or by crook三、對(duì)比三、對(duì)比/

22、u/u/ / 和和/ / /1. pool-pull/pul/- /pl/2. fool -full/ful/- /fl/3. food-foot/fud/- /ft/4. wooed-wood/wud/- /wd/5. stool-stood /stul/- /std/6. boot-book/but/-/bk/四、朗讀句子四、朗讀句子1. You look good today.2. This is a very good book about rooms.3. Good afternoon!4. My goodness! 5. Goodbye and good luck.6. Look

23、at the woman. Isnt she good-looking?7. Would you marry me?8. Yes, I do. 9. Could you put me through to the sales department?10. Good cookies could be cooked by a good cook，if a good cook could cook good cookies/ 唇形：雙唇收小而圓.齒距：一個(gè)食指舌位：抵下齒齦下軟組織練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. saw /s:/2. law /l:/3. talk /t:k/4. lord

24、 /l:d/5. horse /h:s/6. born /b:n/7. story / st:ri/8. water / w:t(r) /9. forty / f:ti / 10. always / :lwez /二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. all thoughts2. from door to door3.on the fourth floor4. walk and talk5.morning call6. daughter- in-law三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. Pride goes before a fall.2. Its not your fault.3. I already t

25、alked to them all.4. Shes already gone.5. Paul walked down the hall.6. George saw a saw hanging on the wall.7. He was born on August the fourth. 8. Four eyes see more than two.9. Your daughter who is tall has bought four balls.10. I thought a thought. But the thought I thought wasnt the thought I th

26、ought I thought. If the thought I thought I thought had been the thought I thought, I wouldnt have thought so much. / 唇形：雙唇稍收?qǐng)A,不突出齒距：食指中指橫疊舌位：抵下齒齦下軟組織練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. God /gd/2. what /wt/3. sorry / sri/4.smog /smg/ 5. long /l/6. top /tp/ 7. watch /wt/8. popcorn / ppk:n/9. copy / kpi/10. tomorrow

27、 /tmr/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. a soft song2. a popular opera3. a coffee shop4. a lot in common5. got a job6. quality and quantity三、對(duì)比三、對(duì)比/ / / 和和/ / /1. awed-odd /:d/- /d/2. cork-cock/k:k/- /kk/3. chalk-chock/t:k/- /tk/4. dawn-don/d:n/- /dn/5. stalk-stock/st:k/- /stk/6. caught-cot/k:t/- /kt/7. naught-not/n:t/

28、- /nt/8. forks-fox/f:ks/- /fks/9. sport-spot/sp:t/- /spt/10. short-shot/:t/- /t/四、朗讀句子四、朗讀句子1. The clock has stopped.2. Copy the song, its not long.3. Get lost!4. Barking dogs do not bite.5. Look at the frog on the log.6. The coffee is of top quality.7. Do what you want.8. My God! I forgot to lock t

29、he locker.9. Could you possibly help me solve the problem?10. Sorry to bother you, but I want to take a day off tomorrow./ 唇形：稍扁齒距：大拇指橫度舌位：輕觸下齒根練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. up /p/ 2. tough /tf/3. thus /s/4. such /st/5. none /nn/ 6. cover / kv(r)/7. double / dbl/8. money / mni/9. love /lv/ 10. dove /dv/二、朗讀短

30、語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. much money2. some honey3. trust us4. hurry up5. just for fun6. blood for blood三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. I love you so much!2. She loves nothing but money.3. Im just lucky.4. Hurry up, here comes the bus.5. One is my lucky number.6. Its enough!7. Its fun to run and jump in the sun. 8. Its Sunday, but

31、you must get up now. 9. Dont trouble troubles until trouble troubles you. 10. You must come to have supper with us and join the fun./a:/ 唇形：口張大 齒距：最大舌位：離開(kāi)下齒，下齒齦后緣練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. arm /:m/ 2. class /kl:s/3. chance /t:ns/4.drama / dr:m/ 5. after / :ft(r)/ 6.market / m:kt/7. rather / r:(r)/8. party

32、 / p:ti/9. demand /dm:nd/10. command /km:nd/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. a large parcel2. a basket of bananas3. half past one4. rather fast5. master of arts6. the garden park三、對(duì)比三、對(duì)比/ / / 和和/: :/ /1. cup- carp /kp/- /k:p/2. hut- heart/ht/- /h:t/3. bun- barn/bn/- /b:n/4. much- march/mt/- /m:t/5. cut- cart/kt/- /k:

33、t/6. luck- lark/lk/- /l:k/四、朗讀句子四、朗讀句子1. Work hard and play hard.2. Its hard to start the car.3. Smoking does harm to the heart.4.I parked my car outside the supermarket.5. He laughs best who laughs last.6.Carl will be in charge of the department.7. Pardon me!8. The park is far from the farm.9. A la

34、rge army marched past the farmyard. 10. You cant use your charge card in the bar.后元音小結(jié)：后元音小結(jié)：/u:/ / /:/ / / /a:/ 1. 舌尖不接觸下齒，舌身后縮，舌后部向軟腭抬起(但不接觸)。 2. /u:/ / /:/ / 都是圓唇音，舌位逐個(gè)降低,口形逐個(gè)增大。( (二二) ) 雙元音雙元音1. 合口雙元音合口雙元音/e/ 發(fā)音：從 /e/ 向 / 滑動(dòng)/e/發(fā)得清楚響亮,/發(fā)得模糊短促唇形：扁平舌位：由低到高練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. way /we/ 2. date /det/

35、3. wait /wet/4. change /tend/5. baby / bebi / 6. lady / ledi/7. today /t de/8. plane / plen/9. game /gem/ 10. late /let/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. May Day2. face to face3. make way4. break away5. a great change6. a railway station三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. No pains, no gains.2. Call a spade a spade.3. A penny saved is a pe

36、nny gained.4. Haste makes waste. 5. Stay away from me.6. I feel the same way.7. Lets take a break. 8. Its the pay day today.9. Dont make the same mistake. 10. The train was delayed by the rain./ 發(fā)音：從 / 向 / 滑動(dòng)，/發(fā)得響亮,/ 發(fā)得模糊短促唇形：從扁平到略圓舌位：由低到高練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. go /g/2. so /s/ 3. though / 4. no /n/ 5.

37、 home /hm/6. soul /sli/ 7. load /ld/ 8. phone /fn/ 9. note /nt/ 10. oh /二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. go home 2. so cold3. old folks4. those clothes5. shoulder to shoulder6. hope so三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. Oh, dont go home alone.2. How old hes grown!3. Show me your notes.4. I know what you know.5. Nobody knows his own fate.

38、6. As you sow you shall mow.7. All roads lead to Rome. 8. Id like to propose a toast.9. Little strokes fall great oaks. 10. A rolling stone gathers no moss./a/ 發(fā)音：從 /a/向/滑動(dòng)，/a/發(fā)得清楚響亮，/發(fā)得模糊短促唇形：扁平，由大到小舌位：由低到高練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. eye /ai/2. die /da/3. why /wa/4. life /laf/5. ice /as/6. size /saz/ 7. f

39、ly /fla/8. try /tra/9. neither / na(r)/ 10. final / fanl/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. my eyes2. five bikes3. why sigh4. high time5. time and tide6. right side三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. Five times five is twenty-five. 2. Something has got into my right eye.3. Hes behind the times.4. Mike tried five times to get the prize. 5.

40、I like the Chinese lifestyle.6. Strike while the iron is hot.7. Let by-gones be by-gones.8. Great minds think alike.9. Mike likes to write by the nice light at night.10. Life is all about trying to make up your mind./a/ 發(fā)音：從/a/ 滑向/，/a/發(fā)得響亮，/發(fā)得短促唇形：由扁平到圓形，由小到大舌位 ：由低到高練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. now /na/2. o

41、ut /at/3. mouth /ma/ 4. doubt /dat/5. down /dan/6. sound /sand/ 7. about /bat/ 8. flour / fla(r)/9.house /has/ 10. account /kant/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. down town2. a brown tower3. found a cow4. a thousand mountains5. bow down6. around the house三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. Get out of my house now. 2. Now write it down.3.

42、Now teach me how to plough.4. Open your mouth and round your lips.5. I have doubts about the account. 6. How about going down town now?7. Im very proud of you!8. Theres no doubt about it.9. He finally found out how much the house would cost.10. He shouted louder and louder to the crowd gathered arou

43、nd. /發(fā)音：從/向/滑動(dòng),/發(fā)得清楚響亮，/發(fā)得模糊短促唇形：由圓形變成扁平舌位：由低到高練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. boy /b/2. joy /d/3. voice /vs/4. choice /ts/5. noise /nz/6. loyal / ll/ 7. royal / rl/8.oyster / st(r)/9.join /dn/ 10. spoil /spl/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. the boys toy2. toil on the soil3. the voice of joy4. boil the oil5. loyal and royal6. t

44、he noise of the coins三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. Get to the point!2. A spoiled boy destroyed a toy for joy.3. I want to buy a toy for Roy.4. She was disappointed with her employees.5. Come and enjoy the oyster.6. The smell of oil is most annoying.7. Let us join hands in friendship. 8. Join our game, and youll en

45、joy it.9. I want some oil, some oysters, and some boiled eggs.10. Its a joy to watch the boy playing with his toy.2. 2. 集合雙元音集合雙元音/ 發(fā)音：由/很快滑向/，/發(fā)得清楚響亮，/發(fā)得短促唇形：由扁平到自然舌位：由高到低練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. ear /2. tear /t/3. dear /d/4. cheer /t/5. sheer /6. really /rl/ 7. idea /ad/8. superior/su:pr/9. sincere /s

46、ns/ 10. experience /ksprns/二、朗讀短語(yǔ)二、朗讀短語(yǔ)1. near the beer2. hear the deer3. a clear idea4. a sincere tear5. a period of fear6. serious and mysterious三、朗讀句子三、朗讀句子1. I fear he cant hear me clearly.2. Dear, dear, beer is really dear.3. Shes really dearer than a dear.4. We are near the end of the year.5. Do you live near here?6. What a weird thing to hear!7. The atmosphere here is very clear.8. My dear, dry your tears.9. He sneered at her queer behavior. 10. The audience cheered and cried: “Hear, hear!” /e/ 發(fā)音：由/e/很快滑向/， 發(fā)/e/時(shí)舌尖靠近下齒 唇形：由扁平到自然舌位：由低到高練習(xí)一、朗讀下列單詞一、朗讀下列單詞1. air /e/2. pear /pe