英語中日期與時間的用法

1、數(shù)詞分基數(shù)詞和序數(shù)詞兩類。一、 數(shù)詞的分類1. 基數(shù) A從110one，two，three，four，five，six，seven，eight，nine，tenB從 1119eleven，twelve， thirteen， fourteen， fifteen， sixteen， seventeen，eighteen， nineteenC從 2199特殊:twenty，thirty, forty，fifty，eighty 21 twenty-one76 seventy-sixD百位數(shù)101 a hundred and one320 three hundred and twenty648 six

2、hundred and forty-eightE千位數(shù)以上從右向左數(shù)起，每三位數(shù)加一個逗號“，”。第一個“，”是 thousand，第二個是million，第三個是 billion。5,237,166,234 five billion，two hundred and thirty-seven million，one hundred and sixty-six thousand，two hundred and thirty-fourF1)基數(shù)詞表示確切的數(shù)字時，不用復(fù)數(shù)形式. 2)表示不確切數(shù)字，如成百、成千上萬，三三兩兩時,則以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)。There are hundreds of peop

3、le in the hallThousands and thousands of kids come hereThey went to the theatre in twos and threes.G人的不確切歲數(shù)或年代，用幾十的復(fù)數(shù)形式。He became a professor in his thirtiesShe died of lung cancer in fortiesIt was in the 1960sH基數(shù)詞的句法功能可作主語、賓語、定語、表語、同位語。The two happily opened the box（作主語） They three tried to finish

4、the task （作同位語）2. 序數(shù)詞表示順序的詞稱為序數(shù)詞。A第一至第十九特殊: first， second， third， fifth，eighth，ninth， twelfth 其他: 添加“th”。如 sixth、nineteenthB從第二十至第九十九變y為i，再加“eth”構(gòu)成。twentytwentieth thirtythirtieth表示第幾十幾時，用幾十的基數(shù)詞形式加上連字符“”和個位序數(shù)詞形式一起表示。thirty-first 第三十一 fifty-sixth 第五十六seventy-third 第七十三 ninety-ninth 第九十九C第一百以上的多位序數(shù)詞由基

5、數(shù)詞的形式變結(jié)尾部分為序數(shù)詞形式 one hundred and twenty-first 第一百二十一one thousand，three hundred and twentieth 第一千三百二十D序數(shù)詞的縮寫形式有時，序數(shù)詞可以用縮寫形式來表示。主要縮寫形式有。firstlst second2nd third3rdfourth4th sixth 6th twentieth20thtwenty-third23rd其中l(wèi)st，2nd，3rd為特殊形式，其它的都是阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字后加上th。E序數(shù)詞的句法功能序數(shù)詞在句中可作主語、賓語、定語和表語。The second is what I reall

6、y need（作主語）He choose the second（作賓語）We are to carry out the first plan（作定語）She is the second in our class（作表語）注：通常前面要加定冠詞 the；但出現(xiàn)不定冠詞a或an時，則表示“再”，“又”。Well go over it a second timeWeve tried it three timesMust we try it a fourth time?另外，基數(shù)詞也可以表示順序。the first lessonLesson Onethe fifth pagePage 5（five）t

7、he twenty-first roomRoom 21（twenty-one）二、時刻表示法1. 幾點鐘 5:00 讀作 five oclock 或 five2. 幾點過幾分 five past seven 七點過五分half past six 六點半a quarter past eight 八點過一刻seven past eight 八點過七分 3. 幾點差幾分 ten to eight 差十分八點a quarter to twelve 差一刻十二點twenty to six 差二十分六點也可以小時、分鐘為單位分別讀出數(shù)字。6:31讀作 six thirty-one10:26 讀作 ten

8、twenty-six14:03 讀作 fourteen o three16:15 讀作 sixteen fifteen18:30 讀作 eighteen thirty23:55 讀作 twenty-three fifty-fiveanother, other, more修飾數(shù)詞的用法修飾數(shù)詞的用法1. another A)another表“另一個”時只跟可數(shù)名詞單數(shù) B)表“另外的、額外的、附加的”之意時，可跟帶有few或具體數(shù)字的復(fù)數(shù)名詞 1Have you finished your report yet？ No，I will finish it in 10 minutes Aanothe

9、r BOther Cmore Dless 2The strike may last another three days罷工可能還要持續(xù)三天。 3There is room for another few people in the back of the bus公共汽車后面還能坐下幾個人。 4Ill be here for another few weeks我在這兒還要呆幾個禮拜。 2. other A)表“另外的”接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則置于數(shù)詞之后 B)但與定冠詞the連用時，other要放在數(shù)詞前。 1Tony is going camping with _boys next SundayAli

10、ttle two other Btwo little other Ctwo other little Dlittle other two 2He asked me to fetch three other recorders 再拿三臺錄音機(jī)來。 3Do you know where he found the other two photos？另外兩張照片 3. more 1more（1）She has got five more electric fans她還有五臺電扇。 （2）One more step（One step more），and Ill shoot you再走一步，我就開槍打死你

11、。 （3）Where shall we be in ten more years？再過十年，我們會在什么地方呢？ 2more還可與a little，a few，a lot，several等詞連用，而且名詞也可是不可數(shù)名詞。如： （1）Id like to buy a few more copies of English Weekly我想再買幾份英語周報。 （2）There are many more dictionaries on the desk課桌上有許多詞典。 （3）Would you like some more tea？再喝點茶好嗎？ 4. 名詞省略 如果前后意思清楚，another

12、或more后面的名詞可以省去。如： 1I climbed the stairs slowly，carrying a big suitcase，my father following with two more注：時刻表上的時間大多采用24小時表示法，這樣就不需要用a.m.表示上午，p.m.表示下午了。三、年月表示法1. 世紀(jì)可以用定冠詞加序數(shù)詞加世紀(jì)century表示，也可以用定冠詞加百位進(jìn)數(shù)加s表示the sixth（6th）century 公元六世紀(jì)the eighteenth（18th）century 公元十八世紀(jì)the 1900s 二十世紀(jì)the 1600s 十七世紀(jì)2. 年代用定冠詞

13、及基數(shù)詞表示的世紀(jì)加十位整數(shù)的復(fù)數(shù)形式構(gòu)成in the 1930s（in the thirties of the twentieth century或 in the nineteen thirties）在二十世紀(jì)三十年代in the 1860s（in the sixties of the 19th century或 in the eighteen sixties）在十九世紀(jì)六十年代3. 表示早,中,晚期,年代前添加 early，mid-，latein the early 1920s in the mid-1950s 4. 年月日表示法A年份用基數(shù)詞表示，一般寫為阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字，讀時可以以hundr

14、ed為單位，也可以以世紀(jì)、年代為單位分別來讀。1949nineteen hundred and forty-nine 或 nineteen forty-nine1800 eighteen hundred253 two hundred and fifty-three或two fifty-three1902 nineteen hundred and two或 nineteen o two使用year時放在數(shù)詞之前。in the year two fifty-three B.C. 在公元前253年但是，通常采用in加表示年份的阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字。B. 月份 ：in May in July。除May，June

15、，July外，其它的月份都由其前三個字母表示，但September除外。JanuaryJan一月 FebruaryFeb二月MarchMar. 三月 AprilApr四月AugustAug八月SeptemberSept九月OctoberOct十月NovemberNov十一月DecemberDec十二月注：點不能省略。C日期日期:the加序數(shù)詞表示National Day is on Oct. 1.（讀作 October first）也可以National Day is on the 1st of October5. morning，afternoon，evening等詞前用介詞in。但是，當(dāng)這

16、些詞前后有定語，in應(yīng)改為on。On a cold morning，the old man died lonely I dont want to be disturbed on nights It happened on the afternoon of July 7四、加減乘除表示法1. “加加”用plus，and或add表示；“等于等于”用is，make，equal等詞表示。2+3=? How much is two plus three?2+3=5 Two plus three is fiveTwo and three is equal to fiveTwo and three make

17、 fiveTwo added to three equals fiveIf we add two to/and three, we get five2. “減減”用 minus或 take from表示106?How much is ten minus six?10-6=4 Ten minus six is fourTake six from ten and the remainder is four.Six (taken) from ten is four3. “乘乘”用time（動詞）或multiply表示3X4? How much is three times four?3X4=12 T

18、hree times four is/are twelveMultiply three by four，we get twelveThree multiplied by four makes twelve4. “除除”用divide的過去分詞形式表示164=? How much is sixteen divided by four?1644 Sixteen divided by four is fourSixteen divided by four equals/gives/makes four五、分?jǐn)?shù)表示法1. 基數(shù)詞作分子，序數(shù)詞作分母，除了分子是“1”，其它情況下序數(shù)詞都要用復(fù)數(shù)形式。3

19、/4 three fourths或 three quarters1/3 one third或a third24/25 twenty-four twenty-fifths3 1/4 three and one fourth或 three and one quarter1/2 a half1/4 one quarter或a quarter1 1/2 one and a half1 1/4 one and a quarter2. 當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)后面接名詞時，如果分?jǐn)?shù)表示的值大于1，名詞用復(fù)數(shù)；小于1，名詞用單數(shù)。1 1/2 hours 一個半小時（讀作 one and a half hours）5/6 in

20、ch 六分之五英寸2 3/4 meters 二又四分之三米（讀作two and three-fourths meters）4/5 meter 五分之四米六 、小數(shù)表示法1. 小數(shù)點左首的數(shù)字為一個單位，表示整數(shù)，數(shù)字合起來讀；小數(shù)點右首的數(shù)字為一個單位，表示小數(shù)，數(shù)字分開來讀；小數(shù)點讀作 point，o讀作 zero或oou，整數(shù)部分為零時，可以省略不讀。0.4 zero point four或point four 零點四10.23 ten point two three 十點二三25.67 twenty-five point six seven 二十五點六七l.03 one point o

21、three 一點零三2. 當(dāng)數(shù)字值大/小于1時，小數(shù)后面的名詞用復(fù)/單數(shù)1.03 meters 一點零三米 0.49 ton 零點四九噸l.5 tons 一點五噸七、百分?jǐn)?shù)表示法百分?jǐn)?shù)用基數(shù)percent表示50 fifty percent百分之五十3 three percent百分之三0.12 zero point one two percent 百分之零點percent不用復(fù)數(shù)形式。八、數(shù)量表示法1. A)基數(shù)詞+單位詞（meter，foot，inch，kilogram等）+ 形容詞（long，wide，high等），B)基數(shù)詞+單位詞 + in + 名詞（length， width， h

22、eight， weight等three feet high或 three feet in height 3英尺高four inches wide或 four inches in width 4英寸寬This box is 2 kilograms in weightThe city wall of Xian is 12 meters wide and 12 meters high2. 表示時間、距離時間、距離時，使用含數(shù)詞的名詞所有格形式作定語。five minutes walk an hours ride three kilometers distance 3. 表示溫度溫度時，用below

23、zero表示零下.基數(shù)詞+degree（s）+單位詞（centigrade攝氏或Fahrenheit華氏）表示。thirty-six degrees centigrade或 36 攝氏 36度four degrees below zero centigrade或 -4 攝氏零下4度Water freezes at thirty-two degrees Fahrenheit4. 名詞性短語作定語時，其中的名詞用單數(shù)形式，名詞性短語中各部分間要用連字符“-”來連接。 a five-minute walk a sixteen-year-old girl5. 表示“比大（或）幾倍”的說法。This room is two times bigger than that one這個房間比那個（房間）大兩倍。The dictionary is four times thicker than that book這本詞典比那本書厚四倍。My age is two times older than his選擇填空。1March is _month of a yearA a three B the third C a third2We will have a meeting at 8:05_Afive to eight Beight five Ceight o fiv