八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下冊(cè)Unit1Pastandpresent詞匯與語(yǔ)法基礎(chǔ)訓(xùn)練(新版)牛津版

1、impossible adj.不可能的Un it 1 Pastand prese ntpast n.過(guò)去adj.過(guò)去的prese nt n.現(xiàn)在，目前just adv.剛才since conj.自.以來(lái)prep.自 以來(lái)ever adv.曾經(jīng)northern adj.北方，北部的married adj.已婚的，結(jié)婚的wife n .(pl. wives)妻子block n.街區(qū)over prep.在.期間pollutio n n.污染；污染物factory n.工廠waste n.廢料；廢品realize (= realise )vt.& vi.意識(shí)到；實(shí)現(xiàn)improve vt.&am

2、p; vi.改進(jìn)，改善situati on n.形勢(shì)，情況22before adv.以前，過(guò)去Ion ely adj.孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的any way adv.盡管，即使這樣husband n.丈夫in terview n.采訪；會(huì)見(jiàn)yet adv.還，仍recen tly adv.近來(lái)， 最近environment n.環(huán)境tran sport n.交通車輛，運(yùn)輸工具con diti on n.環(huán)境，條件，狀況return vi.返回last adv.最近，上一次；最后abroad adv.至U（在）國(guó)外primary adj.小學(xué)教育的；初級(jí)的com municatevt. &vi.交

3、流，交際exactly adv.（答語(yǔ)）正是，沒(méi)錯(cuò)n arrow adj.狹窄的、重點(diǎn)詞匯1. present noun /rez. ?nt/1). somethi ng that you are give n, without ask ing for it, on a specialoccasi on, especially to show frien dship, or to say tha nk you(尤指表示友誼或致謝的)禮物，贈(zèng)品例句：They gave me theatre tickets as a prese nt.他們送給我戲票作為禮物。2) . the prese ntth

4、e period of time that is happening now, not the past or the future現(xiàn)在，目前例句：Thats all for the prese nt.暫且就講這些。3) . at prese ntnow現(xiàn)在，目前例句：At prese nt shes worki ng abroad.她目前在國(guó)外工作。2. realize verb /? ?la ?1). to understand a situation, sometimes suddenly明白；認(rèn)識(shí)到；意識(shí)到例句：They did nt realize the dan ger they

5、were in.他們沒(méi)有意識(shí)到自己身處危險(xiǎn)之中。442). to achieve someth ing you were hop ing for實(shí)現(xiàn)；使變?yōu)槭聦?shí)；使發(fā)生例句：Ten years later her worst fears were realized.10年后，她最害怕的事情發(fā)生了。3. lonely adjective /? ?n.li/1). un happy because you are not with other people孤獨(dú)的，寂寞的 例句： She gets Ion ely now that all the kids have left home.現(xiàn)在孩子們都

6、離開(kāi)了家，她感到有些孤獨(dú)。2). A Ion ely place is a long way from where people live.孤獨(dú)的，孤零零的，遠(yuǎn)離人群的例句：a Ion ely stretch of Ariz ona highway4. recently adverb /?1 ?s ?nt.li/not long ago, or at a time that started not long ago最近；近來(lái)例句：Have you see n any good films recen tly?你最近看過(guò)什么好電影嗎？亞利桑那一段荒涼的公路5. communicate verb

7、/k?nju?n ?ke ?1). to share informationwith others by speaking, writing, moving your body,or using other sig nals交流，溝通(信息)例句：Wecan now communicate instantlywith people on the other side of theworld.我們現(xiàn)在可以與生活在地球另一邊的人們進(jìn)行即時(shí)交流。2). to talk about your thoughts and feeli ngs, and help other people toun ders

8、ta nd them傳達(dá)，表達(dá)，傳遞，溝通（思想或感情）例句：I find I just cant com muni cate with her.通。我發(fā)現(xiàn)我和她三、必背短語(yǔ)used to曾經(jīng)in some ways在某種程度上偶爾all on es life一生be used to習(xí)慣于，適應(yīng)于get used to習(xí)慣于，適應(yīng)于turn into把.變成from time to time不時(shí)，有時(shí)，keep in touch保持聯(lián)系ope n space開(kāi)闊的空地6. communicate verb /k?nju?n ?ke ?四、經(jīng)典句型1071. You used to be so

9、kind to me.你過(guò)去對(duì)我那么友好。2. Ive lived here since I was born.我自從出生以來(lái)就生活在這。3. Has the tow n cha nged a lot over the years?這些年該鎮(zhèn)變化很大嗎？4. I have already read this book many times.這本書(shū)我已經(jīng)讀過(guò)很多遍了。5. Many cha nges have take n place in Moon light Town over the years.這些年月光城發(fā)生了很多變化。J?三點(diǎn)剖析一、考點(diǎn)1.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)1).構(gòu)成形式：sb. have

10、/has done2).現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用法：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的或已經(jīng)完成的某一動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果。表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，也許還要持續(xù)下去， 常和for, since連用。3).動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞變化規(guī)律：一般情況下，直接在動(dòng)詞詞尾加ed以“e”結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，在詞尾加d以輔音字母+y結(jié)尾的動(dòng)詞，將y變成i再加ed重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母，雙寫(xiě)輔音字母，再加ed其他不規(guī)則變化4) .相關(guān)句型一般疑問(wèn)句：Have/Has +主語(yǔ)+do ne？否定句：主語(yǔ)+have/has + not +do ne2. si nee的用法1) . since作介詞時(shí)，意為從. 以來(lái)” 。sin

11、ee+時(shí)間點(diǎn)表示一段時(shí)間，常與完成時(shí)態(tài)連用，相當(dāng)于for+一段時(shí)間。例句：I have lived here since 5 years ago.=I have lived here for 5 years.自從五年前我就住在這兒。2) . since作連詞時(shí)，還可引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。通常主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句用一般過(guò) 去時(shí)。例句：Un cle Wang has worked at this factory si nee he came to this city.自從到這個(gè)城市以來(lái)，王叔叔一直在這個(gè)工廠工作。二、易錯(cuò)點(diǎn)1. happe n & take place1). happen表示

12、“發(fā)生”，通常指未準(zhǔn)備地發(fā)生或偶然發(fā)生。例句：The accide nt happe ned at about 10.事故大約發(fā)生在10點(diǎn)鐘。2). take place通常指預(yù)先安排好要發(fā)生的事，因此在漢語(yǔ)中除翻譯為“發(fā)生”夕卜，還譯為“舉行”。例句：The meet ing will take place on Sun day.會(huì)議將于星期日舉行。Great cha nges have take n place here since last year.自去年以來(lái)，這里發(fā)生了巨大變化。3). happen & take place都屬于不及物動(dòng)詞，因此既不能帶賓語(yǔ)，也不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

13、。2. get used to禾口used to do1) . get used to意為“習(xí)慣于.”，與be used to同義。to為介詞，后面跟代詞、名詞或動(dòng)名詞。例句：His father gets used to gett ing up early.他父親習(xí)慣于早起。2) . used to do sth表示“過(guò)去常常做某事” ，to是不定式符號(hào)，后接動(dòng)詞原形。used to本身就是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，沒(méi)有人與數(shù)的變化，暗含“現(xiàn)在已不再這樣” 之意。be used to do sth表示“被用來(lái)做某事”，是useto do sth的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。卜 題模精選題模一：Un it 1詞匯應(yīng)用1010例

14、1.1.1 Last Thursday when I got to the station,I _ I had leftat home.A.un derstoodB.realizedC.believedD.seemed例1.1.2根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子，每空一詞。1) .我想坐公交車在市里四處轉(zhuǎn)轉(zhuǎn)。Id like to_ the city by bus.2) .這個(gè)地方曾經(jīng)是個(gè)小村莊。This place_ a small village.題模二：語(yǔ)法-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例1.2.1 His brother has bee n to Stone Forest twice_ he came to Yu

15、nnan.A.afterB. beforeC. sinceD.for例1.2.2根據(jù)要求改寫(xiě)句子。1) . Susan has been in this city for more than ten years.(改為同義句)_ more tha n ten years_Susa n_ to this city.2) . His uncle has already posted the photos to him.(改為否定句)His uncle_ posted the photos to him_.隨練1.1 Mr. White is busy prepari ng for_ in terv

16、iew these days. He says_in terview will take place this Friday.A.an; theC.an; an隨練1.2 Amy has studied in this school_ she was seve n years old.A.si neeB. ifC.un tilD.aftermy ticketB.a; theD.the; an隨練1.3 Catheri ne got married_a policema n twenty years ago.A.withB. forC.toD.and1012隨練1.4根據(jù)所給漢語(yǔ)意思完成句子，每

17、空一詞。1.我們現(xiàn)在再也不能像以前那樣經(jīng)常見(jiàn)到這些鳥(niǎo)了。Now we cant see these birds_ any more.2.這里曾經(jīng)有很多污染。但是它現(xiàn)在干凈多了。There_ much pollutionhere. But its much cleaner3.我的鄰居已經(jīng)搬走了。我希望他們?cè)谛碌牡胤阶〉糜淇?。My n eighbours_ . I hope they enjoy living in the newplace.4.政府應(yīng)該采取措施來(lái)保護(hù)這條河。The gover nment should_the river.5.這里的高鐵站去年開(kāi)通了。自那以后，越來(lái)越多的人來(lái)這里旅

18、游了。The high-speed railway station here _ last year. More and more peopletravelled here_ .now.haveA.Do; tryB.Will; tryC.Did; tryD.Have; tried隨練1.5-_you ever_speak ing to a foreig ner, Diana?-No, never. You know, therere no foreigners in our city.隨練1.6-Havent you called Mrs. L in?-_dont have her nu mb

19、er.A.Yes, I haveC.Yes, I have ntB.No, I haveD.No, I have nt自我總結(jié)作業(yè)1 My gran dmother livesfeels_ .A.Ion ely; alone; Ion elyB.alone; Ion ely; Ion elyC.alone; alone; Ion elyD.Ion ely; Ion ely; alonein a (an)_ village but she n ever作業(yè)2 I have only_of money. I cant buy that expensive iPhone 6 Plus.A.a bit

20、B.a little1014C. a fewD.a lot作業(yè)3按要求改寫(xiě)句子。1. .My father has already returned from Sha nghai.（改寫(xiě)成一般疑問(wèn)句）_your father_from Shan ghai_ ?2. Amy has nt decided where to spe nd her holiday yet.（改寫(xiě)成肯定句）Amy_where to spe nd her holiday.3. I have nt been to a theatre for two mon ths.（改寫(xiě)成意思相同的句子）I have nt bee n t

21、o atheatretwo mon ths4. Mr. Zha ng has lived in the tow n si nee he was born.（改寫(xiě)成意思相同的句子）Mr. Zhang has lived in the town_ .5. They have bee n to the Olympic Park three times in the pasttwo years.（對(duì)畫(huà)線咅B(yǎng)分提問(wèn)）_ have they bee n to the Olympic Park in the past twoyears?作業(yè)4 -Shes never eaten any dumplings

22、before,_?-Yes, she has. She has bee n in China for years, you know.A.is sheB.isnt sheC.has sheD.has nt she作業(yè)5 -How can you start playing games so soon, Tom?-1_my homework, Mom.A.have fini shedB.fini shedC.finishD. will finish作業(yè)6 Li Mi ng usedon the right in China, but he soon got usedon the left in

23、En gla nd.A.to drive; to driveB.driving; drivingC.to driving; to driveD.to drive; to drivi ng答案解析題模精選題模一：Un it 1詞匯應(yīng)用1016例1.1.1【答案】B【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析，句意：上個(gè)星期四當(dāng)我到達(dá)車站時(shí)，我意識(shí)到我將車票落在家里了。realize意為意識(shí)到”，故選B。例1.1.2【答案】1). go/ travel around 2). used to be【解析】考查本課詞匯的應(yīng)用，需注意聯(lián)系語(yǔ)境、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱的數(shù)及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。題模二：語(yǔ)法-現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)例1.2.1【答案】C【解析】

24、考查現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，要用since連接,故選Co例1.2.2【答案】1). It is; si nee; came 2). has nt; yet【解析】考查本課語(yǔ)法的應(yīng)用，需注意聯(lián)系語(yǔ)境、時(shí)態(tài)、人稱的數(shù)及名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)。隨練1.1【答案】A【解析】 考查冠詞用法，句意：懷特先生這些天正在忙于準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)采訪。他說(shuō)這個(gè)采訪將在本周五進(jìn)行。前空表示泛指，且in terview的讀音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)填an；后空特指 上句提到的采訪，故填定冠詞the。故選A。隨練1.2【答案】A【解析】考查連詞用法，句意：埃米自從七歲就在這所學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)。主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，從句是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，應(yīng)該用連詞since引導(dǎo)從句，故選A。隨練1.3【答案】C【解析】考查介詞用法，句意：凱瑟琳二十年前嫁給了一位警察?？疾槎陶Z(yǔ)get marriedto sb.，意為嫁給/娶了某人”。故選Co隨練1.4【答案】1. as ofte n as before2. used to be3. have moved away4. take action to protect5.ope ned; since the n【解析】考查本課詞匯的應(yīng)用，需注意聯(lián)系語(yǔ)境、時(shí)態(tài)