繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動機的控制線路安裝與調(diào)試

1、課題八課題八 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動機的控制線路繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動機的控制線路YR系列系列 符號符號 繞線轉(zhuǎn)子三相異步電動機，可以通過滑環(huán)在繞線轉(zhuǎn)子三相異步電動機，可以通過滑環(huán)在轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中串接電阻來改善電動機的機械特性，轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中串接電阻來改善電動機的機械特性，從而達(dá)到減小啟動電流、增大啟動轉(zhuǎn)矩以及調(diào)節(jié)從而達(dá)到減小啟動電流、增大啟動轉(zhuǎn)矩以及調(diào)節(jié)轉(zhuǎn)速的目的。轉(zhuǎn)速的目的。一、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串接電阻啟動控制線路 1.轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相電阻啟動原理轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相電阻啟動原理 啟動時，在轉(zhuǎn)子回路串入作啟動時，在轉(zhuǎn)子回路串入作Y形連接、分級切換形連接、分級切換的三相啟動電阻器，以減小啟動電流、增加啟動轉(zhuǎn)矩。的三相啟動電阻器，以

2、減小啟動電流、增加啟動轉(zhuǎn)矩。隨著電動機轉(zhuǎn)速的升高，逐級減小可變電阻。啟動完隨著電動機轉(zhuǎn)速的升高，逐級減小可變電阻。啟動完畢后，切除可變電阻器，轉(zhuǎn)子繞組被直接短接，電動畢后，切除可變電阻器，轉(zhuǎn)子繞組被直接短接，電動機便在額定狀態(tài)下運行。機便在額定狀態(tài)下運行。轉(zhuǎn)子串接轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相對稱三相對稱電阻器電阻器 轉(zhuǎn)子串接轉(zhuǎn)子串接三相不對三相不對稱電阻器稱電阻器2.按鈕操作控制線路按鈕操作控制線路L1L2L3FU1KM1M33FU2KHSB5QSSB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM R1R2R3KHSB2SB3SB4電路組成分析電路組成分析KML1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2

3、KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4合上合上QS按下按下SB1繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動全部電阻啟動FU1FU2QSM3KHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB2KM1線圈得電線圈得電KM1觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R2,R3啟動啟動FU1FU2QSKHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB3KM2線圈得電線圈得電K

4、M2觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R3啟動啟動FU1FU2QSKHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMR1R2R3SB2SB3SB4按下按下SB4KM3線圈得電線圈得電KM3觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除全部電阻運行全部電阻運行FU1FU2QSKHKHM3L1L2L3KM13SB5SB1KM2KM3KMKM1KM3KM2KM1KMKM3KM2KMSB2SB3SB4松開松開SB4電動機繼續(xù)運電動機繼續(xù)運行行R1R2R3FU1FU2QSKHKH3.時間繼電器自動控制線路時間繼電器自動控制線路 L1L2L3FU1KM

5、1M3 3FU2KHSB2QSSB1KM2KM3KMKMKT3KM3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1KMR1KT1KT2KT3R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KH電路組成分析電路組成分析L1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞

6、線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動全部電阻啟動KT1線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT1延時閉合延時閉合觸頭閉合觸頭閉合KM1線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM1觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R2,R3啟動啟動KT2線圈得

7、電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT2延時閉合延時閉合觸頭閉合觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM2觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)R3啟動啟動KT3線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2K

8、HQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KT3延時閉合延時閉合觸頭閉合觸頭閉合KM3線圈得電線圈得電KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除繞線轉(zhuǎn)子切除全部電阻運行全部電阻運行KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3M3 3SB2SB1KM3KMKMKT3KM2KM1

9、KM3KM2KM1R1R2R3KMKM1KM2KM3KM3KT1KT2KM3動斷觸頭斷開動斷觸頭斷開KT1線圈失電線圈失電KT1觸頭斷開觸頭斷開KM1線圈失電線圈失電KM1觸頭斷開觸頭斷開KT2線圈失電線圈失電KT2觸頭斷開觸頭斷開電動機繼續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)電動機繼續(xù)運轉(zhuǎn)KM1KM2KM3KMKT1KT2KT3FU1FU2KHQSKH4.電流繼電器自動控制電路電流繼電器自動控制電路L1L2L3FU1M3 3FU2KHSB2QSSB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KHKA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3電路組成分析電路組成分析L1L2L3FU1M3

10、 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM線圈得電線圈得電FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KM觸頭閉合觸頭閉合繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)繞線轉(zhuǎn)子串聯(lián)全部電阻啟動全部電阻啟動K線圈得電線圈得電FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2

11、KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3KA動合觸頭動合觸頭閉合閉合因啟動電流因啟動電流大大,KA1,KA2.KA3的動斷觸的動斷觸頭斷開頭斷開,繼續(xù)串繼續(xù)串聯(lián)全部電阻啟聯(lián)全部電阻啟動動FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度加快，因速度加快，電流減小，電流減小， KA1欠電流欠電流,動斷觸頭閉合動斷觸頭閉合KM1線圈得電線圈得電KM1觸頭閉合觸頭閉合串聯(lián)串聯(lián)R2,R3繼繼續(xù)啟動續(xù)啟動FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMK

12、A1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快因速度再加快電流繼續(xù)減小電流繼續(xù)減小 KA2欠電流欠電流, 動斷觸頭閉合動斷觸頭閉合KM2線圈得電線圈得電KM2觸頭閉合觸頭閉合串聯(lián)串聯(lián)R3繼續(xù)啟繼續(xù)啟動動FU2KHQSKHL1L2L3FU1M3 3SB2SB1KMKMKA1KM2KMR2R1KA2KA1KAKM3KA3R3KA3KM1KM1KM2KM3KA2KAKMKM1KM2KM3因速度再加快因速度再加快電流繼續(xù)減小電流繼續(xù)減小 KA3欠電流欠電流, 動斷觸頭閉合動斷觸頭閉合KM3線圈得電線圈得電KM3觸頭閉合觸

13、頭閉合切除全部電阻切除全部電阻全速運行全速運行FU2KHQSKH二、轉(zhuǎn)子繞組串聯(lián)頻敏變阻器啟動控制線路頻敏變阻器是一種阻抗值隨頻率明顯變化、靜頻敏變阻器是一種阻抗值隨頻率明顯變化、靜止的無觸點電磁元件。它實質(zhì)上是一個鐵心損耗非止的無觸點電磁元件。它實質(zhì)上是一個鐵心損耗非常大的三相電抗器。在電動機啟動時，將頻敏變阻常大的三相電抗器。在電動機啟動時，將頻敏變阻器串接在轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中，啟動完畢短接切除頻敏變阻器串接在轉(zhuǎn)子繞組中，啟動完畢短接切除頻敏變阻器。器。L1L2L3FU1FU2QSKM1KM1KM2RFKTKM2M3 KM1KHSB2SB1KTKM2KM2KM23電路組成分析電路組成分析KHL1L

14、2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23合上合上QS按下按下SB1KM1線圈得電線圈得電KT線圈得電線圈得電KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KM1觸頭閉合觸頭閉合電動機串聯(lián)頻電動機串聯(lián)頻敏電阻啟動敏電阻啟動KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT延時閉合觸延時閉合觸頭閉合頭閉合KM2線圈得電線圈得電KM2觸頭閉合觸頭閉合切除頻敏電阻切除頻敏電阻電動機全速運電動機全速運行行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QS

15、KHKHL1L2L3FU1KM1KM1KM2RFM3 SB2SB1KTKM2KM23KT線圈失電線圈失電KT延時閉合觸延時閉合觸頭復(fù)位頭復(fù)位電動機繼續(xù)全電動機繼續(xù)全速運行速運行KTKM2KM1KM2FU2QSKHKH三、凸輪控制器控制線路中、小容量繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動機的啟動、調(diào)速中、小容量繞線轉(zhuǎn)子異步電動機的啟動、調(diào)速及正反轉(zhuǎn)控制，常常采用凸輪控制器來實現(xiàn)，以簡及正反轉(zhuǎn)控制，常常采用凸輪控制器來實現(xiàn)，以簡化操作，如橋式起重機上大部分采用這種控制線路?；僮?，如橋式起重機上大部分采用這種控制線路。L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA

16、4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3電路組成分析電路組成分析KMKM正轉(zhuǎn)L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3合上合上QS,按下按下SB1KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8A

17、C9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3KM觸頭閉合觸頭閉合KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手

18、輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正”位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正” 位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC1

19、0SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正” 位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正” 位置位置KMKML1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7AC6AC5SA10SA11SA12SA1SA2SA3SA4SA5SA6SA7SA8SA9 54321012345反轉(zhuǎn) 零位 正轉(zhuǎn)KA1SB2SB1AC12SQ1SA10KMKA2AC10SQ2AC11ACFU1FU1KA1KA2AC1AC4AC2AC3手輪轉(zhuǎn)到手輪轉(zhuǎn)到“正正” 位置位置KMKM反轉(zhuǎn)L1L2L3M3 QSIIAC8AC9AC7A