1.性質(zhì)它具有動詞的特點(diǎn),但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、

1、1 1性質(zhì)性質(zhì)：它具有動詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、：它具有動詞的特點(diǎn)，但在句子中起著名詞、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語、形容詞、副詞的作用，充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，即：賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語的作用，即：除謂語以外的一切成分。除謂語以外的一切成分。非謂語動詞非謂語動詞2形式形式不定式不定式 相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語、賓語、相當(dāng)于名詞、形容詞、副詞。充當(dāng)主語、賓語、定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。定語、表語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。動名詞動名詞 相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語相當(dāng)于名詞充當(dāng)主語、表語、定語、賓語.分詞分詞 相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表

2、語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)相當(dāng)于形容詞、副詞。作表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、狀語。足語、狀語。 一 動詞不定式 The Infinitive (to do )不 定 式 的不 定 式 的 作 用作 用不定式的不定式的時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)不定式的不定式的語態(tài)語態(tài)不定式不定式1. 主語主語2. 賓語賓語3. 賓語補(bǔ)足語賓語補(bǔ)足語4. 表語表語5. 定語定語6. 狀語狀語 1. _( talk ) with him is a great pleasure. 2. _( help ) others is our duty. To talkTo help3. 如果要說明不定式表示的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前如果要說明不定式表示

3、的動作是誰做的，可以在不定式前加一個(gè)由加一個(gè)由 for for 引起的短語引起的短語, ,構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。構(gòu)成不定式的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。2. 不定式作主語時(shí)不定式作主語時(shí),可以用可以用it作形式主語作形式主語.It is our duty to help others4. It is+adj+for sb to do It is+adj+ of sb to do4. It is important _ Tom to get that job. It is kind _ you to help me with my English.forof1不定式作主語：不定式作主語：3.It is easy_

4、 _ (學(xué)生讀學(xué)生讀)(adj: kind, good, nice, wise, unwise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, careless, rude, polite,naughty（修飾人的形容詞）（修飾人的形容詞）（修飾物的形容詞）（修飾物的形容詞）1.單個(gè)不定式作主語，謂語動詞單數(shù)單個(gè)不定式作主語，謂語動詞單數(shù)for the students to read.1. Her work is _( look ) after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to TsingHuaUniversity. 3. She s

5、eemed _( think ) about the problem. 4. They appeared _( agree ) with what we said.to lookto goto thinkto agree2不定式作表語不定式作表語不定式作不定式作be動詞的表語時(shí)可以和主語部分調(diào)換，動詞的表語時(shí)可以和主語部分調(diào)換，說明主語的內(nèi)容。說明主語的內(nèi)容。：want, demand, hope, wish, expect,fail, help, offer, manage, pretend, promise, prepare, learn, agree, plan, determine,

6、prefer, intend. 1. They wanted _( get ) on the bus, didnt they?2. He said he wished _( be ) a professor.3. I agreed_ ( go ) there with the doctor.4. He had promised _ ( give ) me a hand.to getto beto goto give3不定式作賓語：不定式作賓語：1.He found _Russian.(study/important)2.The computer makes_(possible/ calcula

7、te faster)如作賓語的不定式有自己的補(bǔ)語，須用先行詞如作賓語的不定式有自己的補(bǔ)語，須用先行詞 it作作 形式賓語，形式賓語，而將真正的賓語不定式后置。而將真正的賓語不定式后置。 有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有有些及物動詞常用不定式作賓語。常見的動詞有it important to studyit possible to calculate faster.句式：句式：Subject+v+it+adj/n+to dothink, find, feel, consider, make1.He seldom comes except _at my pictures.(look)2.

8、We have no choice but _outside.(wait)3.They could do nothing but _for help.(ask)不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如不定式一般不能作介詞的賓語，只有在極少數(shù)介詞如 ：but, except等后才行，此時(shí)不定式可帶等后才行，此時(shí)不定式可帶 to 或不帶或不帶 to。 注意注意to lookto waitask有do沒to,有to沒do 5看（看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe） 3使（使（make, let, have）；）；2聽（聽（listen to, hear）；

9、）； 1感覺（感覺（feel）。）。1.The teacher made the boy_( go )out of the classroom2.We observed them_(finish)the work3.He was made_(tell) a story4.Let us_( have) a rest.5.The teacher got the students _(hand )in homework.“吾看三室兩廳一感覺吾看三室兩廳一感覺”主動語態(tài)主動語態(tài) s+v +sb + do .被動語態(tài)。被動語態(tài)。S+be +v ed+ to doA 1. I didnt want my

10、parents _( help ) me. 2. Wed prefer you _( take ) the job instead of Zhang.B4.不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語.+V+sb to dogohave to hand to tell to help to takefinish let sb do sth get sb to do sth1.He was the first person_to the classroom (come)2. Do you have anything_ ?(say)3. He thought out a plan _ (punish) T

11、om.to say to come to punish 4. We need a room to live5. We have a lot of problems to talk作定語的不定式如是不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。作定語的不定式如是不及物動詞，不定式后面須有相應(yīng)的介詞。5.不定式作定語不定式作定語inabout目的狀語還可用目的狀語還可用 in order to 或或so as to結(jié)果狀語還可用結(jié)果狀語還可用 soas to, suchas to, enough to, tooto, only to等結(jié)構(gòu)來表示等結(jié)構(gòu)來表示1. _(save ) the badly sic

12、k lady, the doctor had an operation on her.2. He hurried to the station only _ ( find ) the train left.不定式在作表語不定式在作表語/ 補(bǔ)語的補(bǔ)語的形容詞形容詞后面作狀語，用主動形式后面作狀語，用主動形式表被動意思。表被動意思。This question is difficult _ (answer).Do you think him easy_ (work) with?We find this rule hard _ (remember)6.不定式作狀語不定式作狀語To save to fi

13、nd作目的、結(jié)果要用不定式。作目的、結(jié)果要用不定式。 to answer to work to remember主動形式表被動意義的不定式主動形式表被動意義的不定式E.g.: The question is very difficult to answer. The problem is difficult to deal with.主語主語be +adj. +to do 能用于此句型的形容詞有：能用于此句型的形容詞有：difficult ,easy, comfortable ,fit, hard, pleasant, tiresome(使人疲勞的) ,interesting, nice ,

14、heavy, dangerous, light, important, etc.E.g.: The box is light enough to carry.The river water is warm enough to swim in.主語主語+be +adj. + enough +to doE.g.: The books seemed too heavy to carry. The ice is too thin to skate on.主語主語+be +too +adj. +to do1._ (實(shí)話實(shí)說實(shí)話實(shí)說), he doesnt agree with you. 2._（誠實(shí)說（

15、誠實(shí)說)，I dont like your idea To tell (you) the truthTo be honest3._（首先），（首先）， Beijing is a very beautiful city。7.不定式作獨(dú)立成分不定式作獨(dú)立成分To begin with8.不定式與疑問詞不定式與疑問詞who, which, when, where, who, which, when, where, how, what how, what 等連用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)?shù)冗B用，在句中起名詞作用，可充當(dāng)主語，表語，賓語等。主語，表語，賓語等。1.He didnt know what t

16、o say.2.How to solve the problem is important. 3.My question is when to start. 1.I saw him_.(go out)2.I plan to attend the meeting_ tomorrow4.Im sorry _(keep) you waiting.5.The article is said _ (read) by many people. go outto be held3.He pretended _ (sleep)when I came in. to be sleepingto have kept

17、to have been read9.不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)：不定式的時(shí)態(tài)與語態(tài)：1）不定式的）不定式的一般式一般式：不定式表示的動作常與謂語的動作同時(shí)不定式表示的動作常與謂語的動作同時(shí)（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或在它之后發(fā)生。（或幾乎同時(shí)）發(fā)生，或在它之后發(fā)生。2）不定式的）不定式的進(jìn)行式進(jìn)行式：不定式表示的動作正在進(jìn)行不定式表示的動作正在進(jìn)行3）不定式的）不定式的完成式完成式：不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。不定式的動作發(fā)生在謂語動詞之前。 to do /to be done to be doing to have doneto have been done5.Mrs.Smith warned he

18、r husband_after drinking again and again.A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never driving D.never drive6. To master a foreign language,_.A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practice C. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice 4.Our father often told us in the past that

19、_is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen1.He gave us some advice on how_ English.A.learning B. learned C. to learn D. learn2. It s a pay day，and they are waiting_.A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to be paid3. - A letter may be too slow. - Why not _ a telegram.A.try sending B.try to send C.to tr

20、y sending D.trying to send鞏固練習(xí)鞏固練習(xí)C CDABAD1._is a good of exercise for both the young and the old.A.The walk B.Walking C.To walk D.Walk2.When and where t o bu i ld t he ne w pow e r station_yet.A.is not decided B.are not decided C.has not decided D.have not decided3.Is_necessary to change trains at

21、Beijing?A. thisB. thatC. itD. he4.Our father often told us in the past that _is believing.A.to see B.seeing C.see D.to be seen5.She pretended_the letter I wrote the day before yesterday.A.not to receive B.not receiving C.not to hear from D.having not received6.I cant imagine_that with such a famous

22、author.A.work B.to work C.to be working D.workingNon-infinitive 7.She reached the top of the hill and stopped_on a big rock by the side of the path. A.to have rested B.resting C.to rest D.rest8.Do you consider_any good attempting many scientific experiments? A.there B.it C.this D.that9.Im thirsty. W

23、ould you please give me something_. A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking10.There was a terrible noise_the sudden burst of light. A.followed B.following C.to be followed D.being followed11Mrs.Smith warned her husband_after drinking again and again. A.never to drive B.to never drive C.never

24、 driving D.never rive12.They knew her very well.They had seen her_up from childhood. A.grow B.grew C.was growing D.to grow13. Believe it or not, he was seen_upstairs just now. A.to go B.to going C.having gone D.go14.It was so cold that they kept the fire _all night.A. to burn B. burn C. burning D. b

25、urned15.The murderer was brought in ,with his hands _behind his back.A. being tied B. having tied C. to be tied D. tied16.To master a foreign language,_.A. a lot of practice is needed B. it needs a lot of practiceC. practice is in need of D. one needs a lot of practice17._a reply, he decided to writ

26、e a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not received18. Little Jim should love _to the theatre this evening.A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking19. What do you think of the book? Oh, excellent. Its worth _a second time.A. to read B. to be re

27、ad C. reading D. being read20. The library needs _,but itll have to wait until Sunday.A. cleaning B. be cleaned C. clean D. being cleaned1. I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report .A .to go B .to have gone C .going D .to have been gone 2. Do let your m

28、other know all the truth . She appears _ everything .A .to tell B .to be told C .to be telling D .to have been told 表語表語3. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong .A .admit B .admitted C .admitting D .to admit cant help , cant choose 賓語賓語4. Shell tell us why she feels so strong

29、ly that each of us has a role _ in making the earth a better place .A .to have played B .to play C .to be played D .to be playing 定語定語5. In order to gain a better share in the international market , many state run companies are striving _ their products more competitive .A .to make B .making C .to h

30、ave made D .having made 狀語狀語He spoke loudly (so as /in order) to be heard .Im too tired to walk any further this afternoon .They jumped with joy to hear the news .He raised his hand as if to take off his hat .Im very glad to see you again. 目的目的結(jié)果結(jié)果原因原因方式方式修飾修飾6. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont k

31、now what country he studied in .A .to have studied B .to studyC .to be studying D .to have been studying 7. The missing boy was last seen _ near the river .A .to playing B .playing C .to be playing D .to have played 8. All I did was _ him a little push . I didnt mean to harm him .A .give B .given C

32、.giving D .to giving 9. _ is easier than to do .A . Saying B . To sayC . Said D . To having said10. Paul doesnt have to be made _ . He always works hard .A .learn B .to learn C .learned D .learning10 . This book is said _ into many foreign languages .A .to have been translatedB .to have translatedC

33、.to be translatedD .having been translated11 . Are you going to attend the meeting _ next Saturday ?A .holding B .hold C .will be hold D .to be held 12. _ a living , he had to work day and night .A . To make B . Made C . Making D . To have made Exercises1. The man wanted _ (have) a rest.2. The littl

34、e boy likes _ ( answer) questions.3. Mr. Wang taught me _ (play) basketball.4. Would you like _ (join) us?5. The teacher asked him _(be) earlier next time.6. Please come over to my home _ (visit) my parents.to haveto answer/ answeringto playto jointo beto visit7. My watch needs _ (repair).8. He was

35、running _(catch) the bus.9. Li Ping wanted you _(call) him.10. Lets ask him _(turn it down.11. I hope _ (find) a good job.12. He went there _ ( work) as a teacher.13. She wanted _ (do) something _ (keep) herself busy.repairingto catchto callto turnto findto workto doto keepExercise:1. The classroom

36、needs _Aclean Bcleaned Cto clean Dcleaning 2. Im hungryGet me something _Aeat Bto eat CeatingDfor eating3. I havent got a chair _Ato sit Bfor me to sit on Cto sit onDfor sitting DBC4.Ask him to go to the post office _ some stampsAto get Bfor getting Cin order he getsDwhat he gets 5.The patient doesn

37、t like _ nowAate Beat Ceating Dto eat 6.He made a long speech _ his ignorance (無知無知) of the subjectAonly to showBonly showing Cshowing Denough to show ACALast summer I took a course on_.A how to make dressesB how dresses be madeC how to be made dressesD how dresses to be madeIve worked with children

38、 before, so I know what _in my new job.A expected B to expectC to be expecting D expectsThere are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy.A to be chosen B to choose fromC to choose D for choosingThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A not make B not to makeC

39、. not making D do not makeI would love _to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A to go B having goneC going D to have gone_late in the morning ,Bob turned off the alarm.A To sleep B SleepingC Sleep D Having sleptTom kept quiet about the accidentlose his job.A so not

40、 as to B so as not toC so as to not D not so as toJohn was made _the truck for a week as a punishment.A to wash B washingC wash D to be washingThe light in the office is still on.A turning it off B turn it offC to turn it off D having turned it offThe patient was warned _oily food after the operatio

41、n.A to eat not B eating notC not to eat D not eatingIts said that the Olympic Games _in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A holding B to be held C held D to be holdingWill you please tell me why you had no pen _in class, Kate?A to have written B to be written withC t

42、o have been written D to write withI find these problems are easy_.A to be worked out B to work them outC to work out D to be worked them outYesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly,_ him a millionaire overnight.A making B makesC to make D madeShe cant help _the house because

43、shes busy making a cake.A to clean B cleaningC cleaned D being cleaned!,Mother asked me _at home .(stay)2,Lets _a rest.( have)3,I saw him_a book. (drop)4,He found it very difficult _to sleep. (get )5,She went to the USA_English. (learn)6,I have much homework _.(do)7,I am sorry _you. (trouble)8,He sp

44、ent 2 hours _his bike. (mend)9,Mother taught me _and _.(read, write)10,she is old enough _to school. (go)11,He will tell me before he _ .(leave)你學(xué)會了嗎你學(xué)會了嗎?to stayhavedropto getto learnto doto troublemendingto readwriteto goleaves1,Is he sure _here on time tomorrow? A. being B. come C. to come D. com

45、ing2,I will try _the pen _quickly. A. to use, writing B. to use, to write C,to use, write3,It was the first newspaper _on train. A. to sell B. selling C. sold4,There are 20 more trees _. A. plant B. are planted C. to be planted5,I dont know _. A, what to do it B, how to do C, how to surf6,Jim asked

46、me _to China. A, where to go B, what to bring C, when to bringCBCCCB1, He stopped smoking. He _ _ _.2,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?(變簡單句變簡單句) Could you tell me how _ _to the station?3,He is very happy that he sees his wife. He is very happy _ _ his wife.4,I dont know where I shall

47、go this Sunday. (變簡單句變簡單句) I dont know where _ _ this Sunday.gave up smokingto getto seeto goLast summer I took a course on_.A how to make dresses B how dresses be madeC how to be made dresses D how dresses to be madeIve worked with children before, so I know what _in my new job.A expected B to expe

48、ctC to be expecting D expectsThere are five pairs_, but I am at a loss which to buy.A to be chosen B to choose fromC to choose D for choosingThe purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,_ it more difficult.A not make B not to makeC. not making D do not makeI would love _to the party last n

49、ight but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.A to go B having goneC going D to have gone_late in the morning ,Bob turned off the alarm.A To sleep B SleepingC Sleep D Having sleptTom kept quiet about the accidentlose his job.A so not as to B so as not toC so as to not D not so as toJohn was

50、made _the truck for a week as a punishment.A to wash B washingC wash D to be washingThe light in the office is still on.A turning it off B turn it offC to turn it off D having turned it offThe patient was warned _oily food after the operation.A to eat not B eating notC not to eat D not eatingIts sai

51、d that the Olympic Games _in Beijing in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did.A holding B to be held C held D to be holdingWill you please tell me why you had no pen _in class, Kate?A to have written B to be written withC to have been written D to write withI find these problems ar

52、e easy_.A to be worked out B to work them outC to work out D to be worked them outYesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly,_ him a millionaire overnight.A making B makesC to make D madeShe cant help _the house because shes busy making a cake.A to clean B cleaningC cleaned D be

53、ing cleaned 二 動名詞Gerund動詞的動詞的-ing現(xiàn)在分詞現(xiàn)在分詞 動名詞動名詞在句中可以做：在句中可以做： 主語主語，表語，表語，賓語賓語， 補(bǔ)語，定語和狀語補(bǔ)語，定語和狀語千萬要注意千萬要注意V-ing形式的規(guī)則喲！形式的規(guī)則喲！不能單獨(dú)作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，不能單獨(dú)作謂語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，可以有自己的賓語和狀語。還有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化可以有自己的賓語和狀語。還有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。一：簡介一：簡介 v+ing 時(shí)時(shí) 態(tài)態(tài) 和和 語語 態(tài)態(tài) 類 別 及及 物物動動 詞詞不及物動詞不及物動詞形式主主 動動被被 動動主主 動動一般式 doing being done do

54、ing 完成式 having donehaving been donehaving done作主語作主語1)學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對我來說非常重要。學(xué)習(xí)新單詞對我來說非常重要。 _ is very important for me2)說比做容易。說比做容易。_ is easier than doing.Learning new wordsTalking3) 和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。和夏洛克爭辯是沒有什么用的。_ with ShylockIt is useless trying to argue用形式主語用形式主語it，把真正的主語，把真正的主語動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)移置句尾。但這種句子形式有一

55、定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)但這種句子形式有一定的限制，作表語的只能是某些形容詞或少數(shù)名詞名詞，如如useful，useless，good，fun；no use，a waste of等。等。如：如：動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。動名詞直接置于句首主語的位置上。1作主語作主語. 動名詞作主語時(shí)，句子有三種形式：動名詞作主語時(shí)，句子有三種形式：1)這種事開不得玩笑。這種事開不得玩笑。 Here is _ about such matter.2)無法知道他什么時(shí)候離開。無法知道他什么時(shí)候離開。 There was _ when he would leave. 作主語作主語no joki

56、ngno knowing在在there be結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)結(jié)構(gòu)中作主語，這種結(jié)構(gòu)的意思相當(dāng)于于“It is impossible to do ” 如如 There is no doing：一、一、V-ing 做主語做主語_(play)with fire is dangerous.Be careful! _(play)with fire will be dangerous.to do or v-ing?PlayingTo play_(swim)is good for our health._(swim)in this river is not allowedSwimmingTo

57、 swim表示一般或抽象的多次行為表示一般或抽象的多次行為具體的或一次性的動作具體的或一次性的動作 她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。她的業(yè)余愛好是畫畫。 我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。我的工作就是照顧這些孩子。1.Her hobby is_2.My job is_paintinglooking after the children.-ing形式作表語表示主語的內(nèi)容，表示與主語一形式作表語表示主語的內(nèi)容，表示與主語一樣的事情或情況樣的事情或情況 二、二、-ing形式作表語形式作表語3.Our tast is studying English wellStudying English well is our ta

58、st用作賓語用作賓語looking forI cant avoid_Have you considered _ one special friend?1)我不能不去。我不能不去。2)你是否考慮過找一位摯友你是否考慮過找一位摯友? (一一).（1）只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有）只能后接動名詞作賓語的動詞，常見的有avoid，consider，enjoy，keep，finish，suggest，dislike，delay，escape，cannot help，imagine，mind，miss，practise，cannot stand等。等。如：如： (一一) 有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓

59、語；有些動詞只能后接動名詞作賓語； (二二) 有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語。（有區(qū)別）有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語。（有區(qū)別） (三三) 有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語有些動詞既可后接動名詞也可接不定式作賓語.（沒大區(qū)別）（沒大區(qū)別）going三。動名詞作賓語三。動名詞作賓語有三種情況。有三種情況。常跟動詞ing作賓語的動詞歌訣:考慮建議盼原諒，考慮建議盼原諒，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，承認(rèn)推遲沒得想，避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，避免錯(cuò)過繼續(xù)練，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，否認(rèn)完成停能賞，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不禁介意準(zhǔn)逃亡，不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。不準(zhǔn)冒險(xiǎn)憑想象。consider, suggest / a

60、dvise ,look forward to ,excuse ,pardon admit, delay / put off , fancy avoid , miss ,keep /keep on , practise deny , finish , stop ,enjoy / appreciate cant help , mind , allow/ permit ,escape forbid , risk , imagine （2）. 只接只接v-ing作賓語的常見動詞短語作賓語的常見動詞短語1.He devoted his time to _ (teach)2.I am looking fo