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1、 簡(jiǎn)單句與并列句1. Someone wants you on the phone. _ nobody knows I am here. (2011新課標(biāo)卷25) A. Although B. And C. But D. So 【解析】選C。本題要把握前后兩個(gè)句子的邏輯關(guān)系。前半句為,有人給你打電話;后半句為,沒人知道我在這兒,根據(jù)句意可知前后兩句明顯為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系,故選C。 2. _ a strange plant! Ive never seen it before. (2011遼寧卷33) A. Which B. What C. How D. Whether 【解析】選B。what引導(dǎo)一個(gè)感嘆

2、句。 簡(jiǎn)單句所涉及的考點(diǎn)主要包括感嘆句和反意疑問句。一、感嘆句_ she sings! I have never heard a better voice.A. How beautiful B. What beautiful song C. How beautifully D. So wonderful 【解析】選C。此為“how副詞主語謂語”形式的感嘆句。 簡(jiǎn)單句 感嘆句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)是: What a(n) ( adj.) 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞( 主語 動(dòng)詞)!What adj. 不可數(shù)名詞或復(fù)數(shù)可數(shù)名詞!How adj. /adv. ( 主語 動(dòng)詞)!How adj. a(n) 單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞(

3、主語 動(dòng)詞)!二、反意疑問句考點(diǎn)1.主從復(fù)合句后面的反意問句I dont suppose our team might have been beaten by theirs last night, _? A. do I B. might it C. hasnt it D. was it 【解析】選D。陳述部分有I dont suppose時(shí),反意問句應(yīng)與其后的賓語從句的主謂一致,本句的非推測(cè)句為: I dont suppose our team was beaten by theirs last night, 反意問句便是: was it。 如果陳述部分是主從復(fù)合句,后面的反意問句通常與主句的

4、主謂一致。如果主句的謂語動(dòng)詞是think, believe, suppose, imagine, guess, expect等,后面的反意問句要注意3種情況: 1. 如果主語是第一人稱I, 后面的反意問句需與從句的主謂一致。 2. 如果主句的主語是其他人稱,則后面的反意問句常需與主句的主謂一致。 3. 如果主句的動(dòng)詞是否定式,后面的反意問句要用肯定式??键c(diǎn)2.強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)后面的反意問句 It was at the gate that you met her, _? A. wasnt it B. was it C. didnt you D. did you 【解析】選A。強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is / w

5、as被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that ”后的反意問句需與It is / was一致。 強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)“It is / was被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分that ”后的反意問句需與that前面的主謂一致??键c(diǎn)3.并列句后面的反意問句 The man works hard and he is the best worker in his factory, _? A. does he B. doesnt he C. is he D. isnt he 【解析】選D。兩個(gè)并列句后面的反意問句的主謂一般需與后一個(gè)分句保持主謂一致。 兩個(gè)并列句(常見的連詞有: or, and, but, while, for等)后面的反意問句的主謂一般需與距

6、離它近的那個(gè)分句的主謂一致??键c(diǎn)4.否定句后面的反意問句 He had little idea that it was getting so serious, _? A. didnt he B. did he C. wasnt it D. was it 【解析】選B。陳述句是含有否定詞little的否定句,反意問句用肯定形式。 1. 前面的陳述部分有半否定詞hardly, rarely, scarcely, few, little, seldom等時(shí),反意問句用肯定形式。 2. 陳述部分雖有否定前(后)綴詞(如: dis, in, un, less)時(shí),反意問句仍要用否定形式。 考點(diǎn)5.祈使句

7、后面的反意問句 Lily, help me put up the picture on the wall, _? A. will you B. dont you C. are you D. didnt you 【解析】選A。陳述句是肯定祈使句,反問部分用will you。 1. Lets開頭(包括聽話者), 反意問句用shall we;Let us開頭(不包括聽話者), 反意問句用will you。 2. 其他形式的肯定祈使句后面,一般用will you。考點(diǎn)6.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的反意問句 I think its high time that she made up her mind. The p

8、olice must have known all about this, _? A. mustnt they B. havent they C. mustnt it D. hasnt it 【解析】選B。陳述部分用“must(may,might)v.ed”表示推測(cè)時(shí),若句中不帶有明顯的過去時(shí)間的狀語,問句部分動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該與must(may, might)后的動(dòng)詞形式保持一致。 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用于推測(cè),后面的反意問句的謂語一般要與情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的動(dòng)詞相一致。 考點(diǎn)7. have后面的反意問句 Its seven oclock now. We have to leave for the cinema, _?

9、 A. havent we B. dont we C. isnt it D. wasnt it 【答案】選B。 1. have表“有”時(shí),后面的反意問句的謂語可用have或do的適當(dāng)形式。 2. have表“讓、吃、患”等意思時(shí),后面的反意問句的謂語用do的適當(dāng)形式。 3. have to表“不得不”時(shí),后面的反意問句的謂語要用do的適當(dāng)形式。 4. have done構(gòu)成完成時(shí)時(shí),后面的反意問句的謂語要用have的適當(dāng)形式。考點(diǎn)8. 其他幾種特殊的反意問句 例1: There will be an English party tomorrow, _? A. isnt there B. isn

10、t it C. wont there D. wont it 【解析】選C。在there be句型中,反意疑問句的主語用there, 反意疑問句謂語部分視具體的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞而定。 考點(diǎn)8. 其他幾種特殊的反意問句 例2: Its the first time that he has been to Australia, _?(遼寧錦州一中高中2011屆高三第五次模擬卷) A. isnthe B. hasnt he C. isnt it D. hasnt it 【解析】選C。由句型its the first time that 從句可知,主語是it, be是is。因此用isnt it。

11、考點(diǎn)8. 其他幾種特殊的反意問句 例3: Alice, you feed the bird today, _? But I fed it yesterday. A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you 【解析】選B。Alice 為稱呼語, 后接一個(gè)祈使句,因此用will you。 1. 陳述部分是There be結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí),反意問句的主語用there來充當(dāng)。 2. I wish表示愿望,后面的反意問句常用may I。 3. Im 開頭,后面的反意問句常用arent I。 4. 以So, Oh開頭的句子,若是肯定句,其后的反意問句也用肯定;若是否定

12、句,其后的反意問句也用否定。 5. 在句型Its the first/second/thirdtime that從句中,在Its時(shí)間段since從句中,以及It wont be long before從句中等等,反意部分由前面Itbe來決定,與從句的謂語動(dòng)詞無關(guān)。 考點(diǎn)1.轉(zhuǎn)折并列句例1: We thought there were 35 students in the dining hall, _, in fact, there were 40.A. while B. whetherC. what D. which 【解析】選A。分析兩句的關(guān)系可知應(yīng)該用表示對(duì)比的連詞while。并列句 例2

13、: Excuse me for breaking in, _ I have some news for you. A. so B. and C. but D. that 【解析】選C。 but 放在表示歉意的話之后,只起連接作用; but 的語義非常豐富,用法靈活多變。隨著高考語境性意義的加強(qiáng), but 出現(xiàn)的頻率也越來越高,因?yàn)樗谠囶}中對(duì)正確答案的選擇起著重要的制約作用。下面是 but 的一些基本用法。 一、but 用作并列連詞,意為“但是”,“然而”,表示轉(zhuǎn)折意義。 Rick made some more records, but he wasnt as popular as he ha

14、d been before. 里克雖然灌制了更多唱片,但不像以前那樣受歡迎。 此時(shí)要注意 but 與 however 的區(qū)別。 however 表示“可是”,“但是”的意義時(shí),常用作副詞,可以放在句首、句中、句尾,并常用逗號(hào)將它與句子分開。 However,he didnt make his mark in the end. 然而,他終未成功。 二、 but 可置于表示歉意的話(如 Excuse me 或 Im sorry )之后,提出請(qǐng)求或說出可能觸犯對(duì)方的話,它沒有實(shí)際意義,只起連接作用,可以省去。 I am sorry, but I dont think I know you. 很抱歉,

15、我想我不認(rèn)識(shí)你。 Excuse me, but can you tell me how to surf the net?勞駕,你能告訴我怎么上網(wǎng)嗎? 主要由but(但是), yet(可是), while(而,卻)等連詞連接。 考點(diǎn)2.選擇并列句 Bring the flowers into a warm room _ theyll soon open. (2011遼寧卷31) A. or B. and C. but D. for 【解析】選B。and表并列關(guān)系。此句考查句型:祈使句and 陳述句。 主要由or(或者,還是,否則), eitheror(不是就是), neithernor(既不也不

16、), otherwise(要不然)等連詞連接。 考點(diǎn)3.聯(lián)合并列句_, and Ill get the work finished. A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour 【解析】選B。從句子結(jié)構(gòu)上看, and連接了兩個(gè)分句, 兩句間存在著一種順承關(guān)系。其中前一分句為不完整句子,即一個(gè)名詞短語,表示一種條件或假設(shè),相當(dāng)于if條件狀語從句,該句相當(dāng)于If I am given one more hour, Ill get the work finished.

17、 后一分句表示一種結(jié)果或推論。 一、祈使句1. 祈使句主要用于請(qǐng)求,發(fā)出邀請(qǐng),給予指示、忠告或警告,也可用于發(fā)出命令等。2. 祈使句的特點(diǎn)是:一般不出現(xiàn)主語(you), 但有時(shí)為了指明向誰發(fā)出請(qǐng)求或命令,也可以說出主語;謂語動(dòng)詞一律用原形;否定式一律在動(dòng)詞前面加dont。 二、句型中陳述句的時(shí)態(tài)或語氣決定著祈使句表示的條件性質(zhì)。1. 當(dāng)陳述句是一般將來時(shí)或一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的時(shí)候, 祈使句是真實(shí)條件句。Work hard, and you can make rapid progress in your study. 努力學(xué)習(xí),你將很快取得進(jìn)步。2. 當(dāng)陳述句的謂語動(dòng)詞是would / should /

18、 could / might 動(dòng)詞原形或完成體時(shí),祈使句表示非真實(shí)條件句。Come tomorrow and I would tell you everything. 明天來,我就告訴你所有的事情。三、“祈使句 and 陳述句”句型的3種變化形式 1. “祈使句 破折號(hào) 陳述句” Try some of this juice perhaps youll like it. 嘗嘗這種果汁,也許你會(huì)喜歡的。 2. “名詞詞組 and 陳述句” 名詞詞組中通常含有more, another, further, earlier等詞。 It is really very dangerous. One mo

19、re step, and the baby will fall into the well. 真危險(xiǎn)。再多邁一步, 這個(gè)小孩兒就掉進(jìn)井里了。 Another 500, and I could buy a car. 假如我再有500英鎊, 就能買輛小汽車了。 One step further and youll lost. 再多走一步, 你就會(huì)迷失方向了。 A few minutes earlier, and I could have seen the famous scientist. 要是我早來幾分鐘, 就能見到那位著名的科學(xué)家了。 3. “祈使句 or 陳述句” or表示“否則”、“要不然

20、的話”, or可用or else或otherwise替換, 從反面來預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果。 Take the chance, or you will regret it. 抓住機(jī)會(huì)吧, 否則你會(huì)遺憾的。 Watch your step, or else you might fall into the water. 留神腳下, 不然你會(huì)掉進(jìn)水里的。 Do as youre told, otherwise youll be in trouble. 叫你怎么做就怎么做, 否則你會(huì)有麻煩的。主要由and, not onlybut also(不但而且), when( and just at this time就在這

21、時(shí))等連詞連接??键c(diǎn)4.因果并列句It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet this morning. A. because B. since C. as D. for 【解析】選D。表示對(duì)前一分句的內(nèi)容加以推斷性的原因,用for。 主要由for(因?yàn)?, so(因此)等連詞連接。 名詞性從句名詞性從句【考向聚焦】名詞性從句是高考常考的語法項(xiàng)目,主要考查對(duì)連接詞的正確把握。分析歷年各地的高考試題不難發(fā)現(xiàn),連接代詞what的用法是考查的熱點(diǎn)。另外,在同位語從句中,經(jīng)??疾閠hat的用法。除此之外,其他連接詞的用法以及從句的語序也時(shí)有考

22、查。考點(diǎn)主語從句主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語,常用it作形式主語。引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有:that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever,when,where,why,how等。It doesnt matter whether you turn right or left at the crossingboth roads lead to the park.在十字路口無論你向左轉(zhuǎn)還是向右轉(zhuǎn)都沒關(guān)系,兩條路都通向公園。It suddenly occurred to him that he had left his keys in the

23、 office.他突然想起他把鑰匙落在辦公室里了。What made her so upset?That she failed in her midterm examination.(主語從句,that不充當(dāng)成分) 什么使她那么傷心?她期中考試失敗(使她那么傷心)。 考點(diǎn)賓語從句 1由關(guān)聯(lián)詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句。由關(guān)聯(lián)詞that引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分,在口語或非正式的文體中常被省去,但如果從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。He said (that) he liked rain very much and that he wouldnt use an umb

24、rella when it was raining.他說他非常喜歡下雨,下雨天他都不愿打傘。 2由who,whom,which,whose,what,when,where,why,how,whoever,whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句,應(yīng)注意句子語序要用陳述語序。I want to know what he has told you.我想知道他告訴了你什么。She always thinks of how she can work well.她總是在想怎樣把工作做好。 3在賓語從句中,引導(dǎo)詞whether和if基本一樣,但介詞后的賓語從句多用whether。In recent yea

25、rs,there has been a heated argument about whether it is necessary for children to learn English from an early age.近幾年來,關(guān)于兒童是否應(yīng)該從早年學(xué)英語有激烈的爭(zhēng)論。 4that,what引導(dǎo)賓語從句的區(qū)別。在賓語從句中,that沒有詞義,在從句中不作任何成分。當(dāng)從句意義完整,不缺任何成分時(shí),往往選用that;而what引導(dǎo)賓語從句時(shí),意為“什么”(有時(shí)候可以不譯) ,在從句中用來作主語或賓語。The message you intend to convey through wor

26、ds may be the exact opposite of what others actually understand.(what在從句中作賓語) 你想用語言所傳達(dá)的信息可能與他人所理解的恰恰相反。Galileo found that no matter how many times he tried the experiment,the result remained the same.(that不充當(dāng)成分) 伽利略發(fā)現(xiàn),不管他進(jìn)行多少次試驗(yàn),結(jié)果都一樣。 5有些動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞短語,如like,hate,appreciate,hide,depend on,see to等, 一般不直接跟賓

27、語從句,需要在從句前加上it。He took it that we were to stay here for the night.他以為我們要在這里過夜。I dont like it when you look at me like that!我不喜歡你那樣看我。 考點(diǎn)同位語從句 1同位語從句常放在fact,news,doubt,problem,promise,idea等名詞后面,常用的引導(dǎo)詞有that,who,whether,why,where,when等。I made a promise to myself that this year,my first year in high sch

28、ool,would be different.我向自己保證:今年我高中的第一年將會(huì)是不同尋常的一年。I have no idea who will be in charge of the company when the manager is away.我不知道經(jīng)理不在時(shí),誰會(huì)負(fù)責(zé)公司的業(yè)務(wù)。 2that引導(dǎo)的同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別。同位語從句用于解釋前面名詞的內(nèi)容,從句本身是一個(gè)非常完整的句子,引導(dǎo)詞that只起引導(dǎo)作用,不在句中作任何成分,一般不可省略。定語從句對(duì)其前的名詞即先行詞加以限制和修飾,從句本身不夠完整,因此關(guān)系詞在定語從句中通常作主語、賓語或表語等成分。When the n

29、ews came that the war broke out,he decided to serve in the army.(that引導(dǎo)的是同位語從句,that不可省略) 當(dāng)戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的消息傳來時(shí),他決定參軍。As a matter of fact,the news (that/which) h e t o l d m e y e s t e r d a y i s true.(that/which引導(dǎo)定語從句,也可以省略) 實(shí)際上,他昨天告訴我的消息是真的。 考點(diǎn)表語從句引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有that,whether,who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichev

30、er,when,where,why,how,because等。I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.Thats where I dont agree.You should have a more active life.在周日我喜歡把自己關(guān)在家里一整天聽音樂。那就是我不贊同的地方,你應(yīng)該擁有更積極的生活。As is known to us,China is no longer what she used to be.眾所周知,中國(guó)再也不是從前的中國(guó)了。One reason for her pr

31、eference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.(表語從句) 她偏愛城市生活的一個(gè)原因就是她可以很容易地進(jìn)出像商場(chǎng)和飯店這樣的地方。考點(diǎn)“疑問詞ever”引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句“疑問詞ever”與“no matter疑問詞”的區(qū)別“疑問詞ever”與“no matter疑問詞”雖然都有“無論”的意思,但是用法有區(qū)別:“疑問詞ever”既可以引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可引導(dǎo)狀語從句,而“no matter疑問詞”只能用來引導(dǎo)狀語從句。There are various thi

32、ngs on sale,so you can choose whatever interests you.有各種各樣的物品在出售,所以你可以選擇你感興趣的任何東西。Everybody likes to work with whoever is reliable and easy to get on with.每個(gè)人都喜歡和值得信任并且容易相處的人一起工作。Whatever/No matter what you say,I will not believe you.無論你說什么,我都不相信。 1(北京,30)The best moment for the football star was _

33、he scored the winning goal.Awhere Bwhen Chow Dwhy解析考查表語從句。句意:這位足球明星最好的時(shí)刻就是他射進(jìn)了決勝的一球的那一刻。因?yàn)榍懊嬗衜oment,所以根據(jù)表語從句的含義選擇when。答案B 2(北京,33)Some people believe _ has happened before or is happening now will repeat itself in the future.Awhatever Bwhenever Cwherever Dhowever解析考查賓語從句。句意:有些人相信,無論以前發(fā)生過什么,或者現(xiàn)在發(fā)生著什么

34、,都會(huì)在未來重現(xiàn)。賓語從句中缺少主語,四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有whatever能夠做主語。其他均為狀語。答案A 3(大綱,24)Exactly _ the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain,but it was probably around 1565.Awhether Bwhy Cwhen Dhow 解析考查名詞性從句。句意:馬鈴薯被引入歐洲的確切時(shí)間是不確定的,但是大約是在1565年。根據(jù)句意when引導(dǎo)一個(gè)主語從句,且在句中作時(shí)間狀語。whether“是否”,不作成分,只起連接作用;why作原因狀語;how作方式狀語。故答案為C。答案C

35、4(福建,34)Pick yourself up.Courage is doing _ youre afraid to do.Athat Bwhat Chow Dwhether解析考查名詞性從句。句意:跌倒后再站起來。勇氣是做你不敢做的事情。這里含有一個(gè)賓語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中作do的賓語,所以用what,故選B項(xiàng)。答案B 5(湖南,24)As John Lennon once said,life is _ happens to you while you are busy making other plans.Awhich Bthat Cwhat Dwhere解析考查名詞性從句。句意:正如J

36、ohn Lennon曾經(jīng)說過的一樣,生活就是當(dāng)你忙著制訂其他計(jì)劃而發(fā)生在你身上的一切。所填詞匯在句中引導(dǎo)表語從句,引導(dǎo)詞在從句中做主語,指物,用what,選C。答案C 6(江蘇,26)What a mess!You are always so lazy!Im not to blame,mum.I am _ you have made me.Ahow Bwhat Cthat Dwho解析考查名詞性從句。句意:這么一團(tuán)糟!你總是那么懶惰!媽媽,該受責(zé)備的不是我,是你讓我成了這個(gè)樣子。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)分析,所填詞匯在句中引導(dǎo)表語從句,且在從句中擔(dān)當(dāng)賓語補(bǔ)足語,此處指目前的這種狀況,指事物,故用what,選B

37、。答案B 7(山東,7)It is difficult for us to imagine _ life was like for slaves in the ancient world.Awhere Bwhat Cwhich Dwhy 解析考查賓語從句。句意:對(duì)我們來說很難想象古代奴隸的生活像什么樣子。what引導(dǎo)的從句是賓語從句,在賓語從句中what作介詞like的賓語。故選B項(xiàng)。答案B 8(四川,2)Grandma pointed to the hospital and said,“Thats _ I was born.”Awhen Bhow Cwhy Dwhere解析考查表語從句。根據(jù)

38、前面hospital一詞及從句結(jié)構(gòu)可知,表語從句中缺少地點(diǎn)狀語。故選D項(xiàng)。答案D 9(天津,14)I think _ impresses me about his painting is the colours he uses.Awhat Bthat Cwhich Dwho解析考查名詞性從句。句意:我認(rèn)為他的繪畫給我印象最深的就是他所使用的顏色。根據(jù)結(jié)構(gòu)該空所填詞匯引導(dǎo)主語從句,引導(dǎo)詞是物,在其中做主語,故選A。答案A 10(浙江,8)“Every time you eat a sweet,drink green tea.”This is _ my mother used to tell me

39、.Awhat Bhow Cthat Dwhether解析考查表語從句。句意:每次吃糖時(shí),喝點(diǎn)綠茶。這是媽媽過去常對(duì)我說的話。what在表語從句中作tell的賓語;that和whether在名詞性從句中不作成分,因此排除;how作狀語。答案A2016高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)課件專題:狀語從句高考英語總復(fù)習(xí)課件專題:狀語從句【考向聚焦】狀語從句有時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方式、比較和讓步狀語從句,共9種,是每年必考的語法項(xiàng)目,主要考查連詞的判斷選用,主句與從句謂語動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)運(yùn)用。其中,以對(duì)時(shí)間狀語從句、條件狀語從句、讓步狀語從句和結(jié)果狀語從句的考查最為頻繁。近幾年,重點(diǎn)考查的連詞有:when,wh

40、ile,as,before,unless,however等。近三年,高考有考查狀語從句、賓語從句、名詞性從句交叉運(yùn)用的題型出現(xiàn)。 1(陜西,24)The young couple,who returned my lost wallet,left _ I could ask of their names.Awhile Bbefore Cafter Dsince解析考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:這對(duì)年輕夫婦送還了我丟失的錢包,我還沒來得及問他們的名字,他們就離開了。before還沒來得及就;符合題意。while當(dāng)時(shí),然而,雖然;after在之后;since自從,既然。答案B 2(天津,1)Give me

41、 a chance,_ Ill give you a wonderful surprise.Aif Bor Cand Dwhile解析考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:給我一次機(jī)會(huì),我會(huì)給你一個(gè)驚喜。if如果;or否則;and和,那么;while當(dāng)時(shí)。根據(jù)句意可知是順承關(guān)系,故選C。答案C 3(天津,4)_ you start eating in a healthier way,weight control will become much easier.AUnless BAlthoughCBefore DOnce解析考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:一旦你開始健康飲食,控制體重就容易多了。unless除非;al

42、though雖然,盡管;before在之前;once一旦。答案D 4(江蘇,21)Lessons can be learned to face the future,_ history can not be changed.Athough Bas Csince Dunless解析考查狀語從句。句意:盡管歷史無法改變,但是我們可以吸取教訓(xùn)來面對(duì)未來。though表示轉(zhuǎn)折。答案A 5(北京, 21)Some animals carry seeds from one place to another,_ plants can spread to new places.Aso Bor Cfor Dbu

43、t解析考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:有些動(dòng)物把植物種子從一個(gè)地方帶到另一個(gè)地方,這樣植物就能傳播到新地方。前后句之間是因果關(guān)系,所以選擇so,for后面接原因。答案A 6(北京, 29)_ the forest park is far away,a lot of tourists visit it every year.AAs BWhenCEven though DIn case解析考查狀語從句。句意:盡管那個(gè)森林公園很遠(yuǎn),每年仍然有很多人去參觀。由句意可知前半句是讓步狀語從句,C項(xiàng)符合題意。答案C 7(安徽,25)The meaning of the word “nice” changed a f

44、ew times _ it finally came to include the sense “pleasant.”Abefore Bafter Csince Dwhile解析考查連詞詞義辨析。句意:?jiǎn)卧~“好”的意義在最終含有意義“愉快的”之前改變了幾次。before“在之前”,引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句。答案A 8(重慶,14)Half an hour later,Lucy still couldnt get a taxi _ the bus had dropped her.Auntil Bwhen Calthough Dwhere解析考查連詞和狀語從句。句意:半個(gè)小時(shí)后,在公共汽車丟下她的地方露西

45、仍然沒有搭到出租車。根據(jù)句意可知,這里是where引導(dǎo)的地點(diǎn)狀語從句。答案D 9 ( 四 川 , 8 ) I l l b e o u t f o r s o m e time._ anything important happens,call me up immediately.AIn case BAs ifCEven though DNow that解析考查連詞和狀語從句。句意:我要出去一段時(shí)間。萬一有什么重要的事情發(fā)生,立即給我打電話。根據(jù)句意可知,這里表示“立即給我打電話”的條件,in case如果,萬一,引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。答案A 10(湖南,26)You will never gain

46、 success _ you are fully devoted to your work.Awhen Bbecause Cafter Dunless解析考查狀語從句。句意:除非你完全投入到你的工作中,否則你就永遠(yuǎn)也不會(huì)取得成功。unless相當(dāng)于if not,除非,如果不;在此引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句,符合語境。答案D 考點(diǎn)時(shí)間狀語從句 1when 引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“當(dāng)時(shí)”,表示主句的動(dòng)作和從句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)或先后發(fā)生。When he knocked at the door,I was sleeping.他敲門時(shí)我正在睡覺。名師指津when還可表原因,意為“既然”。It was foolish o

47、f you to take a taxi when you could easily walk there in five minutes.既然你五分鐘就可以走到那兒,可你還打的去,真的太傻了。 2while引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“與同時(shí),在期間”,從句常用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞。Father was cleaning the car while I was doing my homework.我在做作業(yè)時(shí),爸爸在洗車。 3as引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語從句,意為“正當(dāng);一邊一邊;隨著”等意思,表示兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。As she sang,tears ran down her cheeks.她一邊唱歌,眼淚一

48、邊順著臉頰流下。 4as soon as,immediately,directly,instantly,the moment,the minute,the instant,no sooner.than.,hardly/scarcely.when.和once這些從屬連詞引導(dǎo)的從句都表示從句的動(dòng)作一發(fā)生,主句的動(dòng)作隨即就發(fā)生,常譯為“一就”。從句中用一般時(shí)態(tài)代替將來時(shí)態(tài)。The moment I heard the voice,I knew father was coming.我一聽到那個(gè)聲音,我就知道父親來了。The boy burst into tears immediately he saw

49、 his mother.那男孩一見到他媽媽便放聲大哭。 名 師 指 津 n o s o o n e r. . . t h a n . . . ,hardly/scarcely.when.的時(shí)態(tài)搭配:no sooner與hardly/scarcely后的句子謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用過去完成時(shí),而than與when引導(dǎo)的句子謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用一般過去時(shí)。此外,當(dāng)把no sooner和hardly/scarcely提到句首時(shí),應(yīng)用倒裝語序。He had no sooner finished his speech than the students started cheering. No sooner had he

50、finished his speech than the students started cheering.他剛完成演講學(xué)生們就開始?xì)g呼起來。 5before/since(1)表示“還未就;不到就;才;還沒來得及就”。The girl had hardly rung the bell before the door was opened suddenly,and her friend rushed out to greet her.小女孩還沒來得及按門鈴,門就突然開了,并且她的朋友沖出來問候她。(2)It will be一段時(shí)間before.“多久之后才”。John thinks it wo

51、nt be long before he is ready for his new job.約翰認(rèn)為他不久就會(huì)為新工作做好準(zhǔn)備了。(3)since的常用句型:It is (has been) /was一段時(shí)間since(從句用一般過去時(shí)/過去完成時(shí)) Its three years since the war broke out.自戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)以來有三年了。 6until/till主句為肯定句時(shí),謂語用延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞;主句為否定句時(shí),謂語用非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。We wont start our discussion until/till he comes.我們要等到他來了再開始我們的討論。 考點(diǎn)地點(diǎn)狀語從句

52、 1通常由連詞where和wherever引導(dǎo),從句可位于主句之前,也可位于主句之后。The little girl who got lost decided to remain where she was and wait for her mother.這個(gè)迷路的小女孩決定待在原地等她媽媽。 2地點(diǎn)狀語從句在句首時(shí)常兼有抽象條件意味。Where theres a will,theres a way.有志者事竟成。 3where引導(dǎo)的狀語從句和定語從句的區(qū)別。where引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語從句直接修飾動(dòng)詞,而在定語從句中where作為關(guān)系副詞要跟在表示地點(diǎn)的先行詞后面。When solving the

53、 problem a second time,youd better be more careful where you made a mistake. When solving the problem a second time,youd better be more careful in the place where you made a mistake.當(dāng)你第二次解決這個(gè)問題的時(shí)候,你要在出過差錯(cuò)的地方更加小心。 考點(diǎn)條件狀語從句 1通常由if“如果”, unless“如果不;除非”,as (so) long as“只要”,in case (that) “結(jié)果,萬一”,once“一旦”

54、,when“既然”等連詞引導(dǎo)。You can borrow my car as long as you promise not to drive too fast.只要你答應(yīng)不要開得太快,我可以把車借給你。 2由on condition (that),provided (that),providing (that) “倘若;假使”, supposing (that),in case“如果”等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。You can go swimming on condition that you dont go too far from the river bank.只有不離河岸太遠(yuǎn)你才能下去游泳

55、。 考點(diǎn)讓步狀語從句 1讓步狀語從句可由although,though,as,while,even if (though),whatever (wherever,whoever.),whether.or.,no matter who (when,what.) 等引導(dǎo)。However serious a problem you may have,you should gather your courage to face the challenge.不論你的問題有多嚴(yán)重,你都應(yīng)該鼓起勇氣,接受挑戰(zhàn)。 2while作“盡管”講,引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí),往往放在句首。While the Internet

56、 is of great help,I dont think its a good idea to spend too much time on it.盡管因特網(wǎng)對(duì)我們有很大的幫助,但我認(rèn)為花太多的時(shí)間上網(wǎng)也不是一個(gè)好主意。 考點(diǎn)原因狀語從句和方式狀語從句 1原因狀語從句通常由because,since,as,now that,seeing (that),considering that等引導(dǎo)。Mum,could I go out to play now?Let me see.Yes,since you have finished all your school assignments.媽媽,

57、現(xiàn)在我可以出去玩嗎?讓我想想。是的,既然你已經(jīng)把所有的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)完成了。Now that you are familiar with the authors ideas,try reading all the sections as quickly as possible.既然你熟悉作者的思路,那就嘗試著盡可能快地閱讀所有的章節(jié)。Considering that I have told you three times,you must know it.鑒于我已經(jīng)告訴你三次了,你肯定知道這件事了。 2方式狀語從句用來表示主句謂語動(dòng)作發(fā)生的方式,常由as“像一樣”, as if (though) “

58、似乎,好像”等引導(dǎo)。The house was greatly damaged by the truck.Wed better leave things as they are until the police arrive.卡車對(duì)這座房子造成了嚴(yán)重的損壞。我們最好保持原樣直到警察到來。He acted as if nothing had happened.他表現(xiàn)得好像什么也沒發(fā)生一樣??键c(diǎn)目的狀語從句引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句的連詞主要有in order that,so that,for fear that “害怕,擔(dān)心發(fā)生某事”, in case “以防”等。從句中常用may,might,can,c

59、ould,should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。He had his camera ready in case he saw something that would make a good picture.他準(zhǔn)備好了照相機(jī),以便于能拍到他看到的好畫面。I opened the window in order that fresh air might come in.我把窗戶打開以便新鮮空氣可以進(jìn)來。 定語從句 The Attributive Clause 定語從句:是指在復(fù)合句中,修飾定語從句:是指在復(fù)合句中,修飾名詞名詞或或代詞代詞的從句的從句. .被定語從句所修被定語從句所修飾的名詞或代詞叫做飾的名詞

60、或代詞叫做“先行詞先行詞”. .引引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫“關(guān)系詞關(guān)系詞” 1.從句的位置從句的位置:2.構(gòu)成:構(gòu)成:先行詞先行詞 之之后后關(guān)系關(guān)系詞詞關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系代詞 關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞定定語語從從句句The Restrictive Attributive Clause限制性定語從句限制性定語從句The Non-Restrictive Attributive Clause非限制性定語從句非限制性定語從句關(guān)系詞有兩個(gè)作用:一、引導(dǎo)定語從句二、代替先行詞在其引導(dǎo)的定語 從句中充當(dāng)一定的句子成份。 引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系詞指代人指代人 指代事物指代事物 所屬關(guān)系所屬關(guān)系 指

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