高一語法專題三名詞性從句

1、高一語法專題 名詞性從句 主語從句，表語從句，賓語從句和同位語從句在復(fù)合句中的作用相當(dāng)于名詞，因此這四種從句統(tǒng)稱為名詞性從句。一：名詞性從句的引導(dǎo)詞1;連接詞:that, if, whether.只起引導(dǎo)作用，在句中不充當(dāng)任何成分其中that不翻譯出來，沒有任何含義；而if和whether翻譯成”是否”。Eg: That this has happened is not uncertain. We cannot be sure whether /if our dreams will come true.2:連接代詞：who, , whose, which, what, whatever, wh

2、oever, whichever.在句中要充當(dāng)主語，賓語，表語I wonder what you are thinking about.Can you imagine what will happen next?My hometown is not what it used to be.；連接副詞：where, when, how, why, how soon, how often, how long, how much.在句中充當(dāng)相應(yīng)的狀語When he will hold the meeting has been decided.This is how Henry solved the p

3、roblem.二：名詞性從句的分類與引導(dǎo)詞一）：主語從句主語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語，引導(dǎo)主語從句的詞有，that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, why等。Whether we will succeed is still a question.Whoever comes to the party will receive a present.注：1. 主語從句的主謂一致1).主語從句通常被看作一個整體,主句的謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式. That they will come i

4、s certain2).由who, whoever引導(dǎo)的主語從句的單復(fù)數(shù)要視從句中的單復(fù)數(shù)而定. Whoever say that are to be punished. Who he is doesnt concern me.3).What 引導(dǎo)主語從句時,主句謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)由表語的單復(fù)數(shù)決定.What he wants are these books. What he wants is some water2. 有時為了平衡句式，常用it 做形式主語，而把從句放在后面It is a pity that she has made such a mistake.It depends on t

5、he climate whether they are going shopping today.It is believed that he is a talent二）.賓語從句賓語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的賓語，引導(dǎo)賓語從句的詞有，that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, why等。賓語從句一般放在動詞，形容詞或介詞后。She has told us (that) she will give us a hand.He asked me how I was getting al

6、ong with my new classmates.Im afraid that I have made a mistake.I was interested in what he was doing.注：1. 有時要用it 作形式賓語，而把賓語從句放在句子的后面。He has made it clear that he will not give in.You may depend on it that they are valuable.2. 如do you think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接特殊疑問詞引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，疑問詞要放在居首。What

7、do you think is going on outside?When do you believe he will held the meeting3. I/We (dont) think/believe/suppose/expect/imagine后接賓語從句時，反義疑問句要與從句中的主語和謂語保持一致。I dont suppose he cares, does he?4. that引導(dǎo)，通常that可以省略（但that引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時不可省略）She has told us (that) she will give us a hand.三）.表語從句表語從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的表語

8、，引導(dǎo)表語從句的詞有，that, whether, who, what, which, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, how, because等。表語從句一般放在系動詞后。The reason is that Ive been too busy these days.That is where he spent his childhood.The coat is where you left it.三）.同位語從句的概念在復(fù)合句中用作同位語的從句叫做同位語從句。它一般跟在某些名詞后，用以說明該名詞表示的具體內(nèi)容。引導(dǎo)同位語從句的詞有，th

9、at, whether, who, what, which, when, where, how, why等.常放在fact, news, idea, truth, hope, problem, information suggestion, possibility 等名詞后面，用以說明該名詞的具體內(nèi)容。I heard the news that our team had won.We havent settled the question where we will spend our holidays.The question who should do the work requires

10、consideration .2.有時用namely（即），that is to say（也就是說），that is （那就是）等引出同位語或同位語從句。There is only one way of improving your English , that is , to practice more.He told us the good news, namely, the museum is open to all.三：名詞性從句的難點和考點1. 語序問題。名詞性從句要用陳述語序The photographs will show you what our village looks l

11、ike You can hardly imagine how excited he was when he heard the news 2：引導(dǎo)詞that和what的區(qū)別What在從句中要充當(dāng)主語，賓語或表語，這時what相當(dāng)于all that/everything that等常譯作“所.的（東西，事情，話等）”。而that只起連接作用，本身無實際意義，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，that引導(dǎo)主語從句放在居首時不能省略。What I cant understand is why he has changed his mind.That the earth is round is known to

12、 us all.2. 引導(dǎo)詞if 和whether的區(qū)別if 和whether引導(dǎo)動詞后的賓語從句時可以通用，但介詞后的賓語從句，主語從句，表語從句和同位語從句不能用if引導(dǎo)。I dont care if/whether he will come to my party.I worry about whether I hurt her feelings.Whether she will go home or not is unknown.The question is whether we can collect enough money.3. 引導(dǎo)詞Who 和whoever的區(qū)別引導(dǎo)名詞性從

13、句時，whoever相當(dāng)于anyone who或 those who它既是從句的主語又是主句的主語。而who只做從句的主語，它引導(dǎo)的從句才是主句的主語。Whoever has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising.Who will be elected the president doesnt make much difference to me.4. 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別同位語從句用于解釋前面名詞的內(nèi)容，從句本身是一個完整的句子，所以其前面的名詞在同位語從句中不作任何成分；而定語從句對它前面的名詞加以限制和修飾，從句本身不

14、完整，因此其前的名詞在定語從句中通常做主語，賓語或表語等成分。The news that Mr. Brown will be our new English teacher is true.The news that he told me yesterday is true.Ive no idea that Kate has been to shanghaiThe book (that) I bought yesterday was written by LuXun.5. Whoever 與no matter who ，whatever 與no matter what的區(qū)別。Whoever w

15、hatever即可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句也可引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句；而No matter what和No matter who只引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。Whatever(=No matter what) you may think, Im going ahead with my plans.Whoever(=No matter who) you are, you cant pass the way.Take whatever you need and leave me alone.Whoever did this job must be rewarded.6. 名詞性從句中的語氣。1)表示“建議，命令，請求，要求

16、”意義的動詞后接that從句時，從句的謂語動詞要用should+動詞原形表虛擬，且should 可以省略。Advise/recommend/order/propose/suggest / insist / demand / require / request (that) sb. (should) doBobs doctor suggests that he (should) rest for a few days.I suggested that he see a doctor.He insisted that we arrive there before 7 oclock.2) 在It is important / necess