名詞性從句總結以與注意點

1、名詞性從句第一節(jié)    主語從句引導主語從句的連接詞有：that, whether, who, which, what, when, where, how, why等That she was invited to the ball made her very happy.Whether he will come to the ball has nothing to do with me.Whoever wants to see the film may get a ticket free.Which team will win the match is still

2、 unknown.What interests you doesnt interest him.Where they had stayed was still unknown.When they will have a meeting hasnt been decided.注意：1從句作主語謂語動詞用第三人稱單數形式。Who will go is not important.2為了調節(jié)句子平衡，常用it作形式主語。It is a pity that he didnt come yesterday.Its necessary that every League member (should) t

3、ake the lead and work well.Its suggested that a modern hotel (should) be put up at the foot of the hill.3述句部分的主語是從句時，其反意疑問句部分的主語用it.How he became a scientist is known to us all, isnt it?第二節(jié)    賓語從句作動詞、介詞或形容詞賓語的從句。以連詞 that who whom whose what 等引導，在句子中充當賓語I think (that) you will like th

4、e pictures.I feel it important that they finish their own task in time.They are worrying about whether they can get there in time.You can write about whatever topic you can think of.一 賓語從句三原則：語序；時態(tài)；引導詞。1.語序：賓語從句用述句語序。I wonder what he is writing to me about但是：whats the matter/wrong (with)語序不變.The own

5、er came up to see what was the matter with me/what was wrong with me2.時態(tài)：賓語從句謂語動詞的時態(tài)與主句謂語動詞的時態(tài)保持一致。(1).如果主句的謂語動詞是一般現(xiàn)在時或一般將來時，賓語從句用它本身的時態(tài)。I hear he will come back in an hour.(2).如果主句的謂語動詞是一般過去時，賓語從句則用相應的過去時態(tài)。She said that he had never been to the Great Wall.(3).如果賓語從句的容是客觀真理時，賓語從句仍然用一般現(xiàn)在時。The teacher

6、 told us that the earth goes around the sun. / light travels faster than sound.3.引導詞：（1）由that引導（2）由if/whether引導（3）由特殊疑問詞引導二 it在賓語從句中的應用：1. vt.+it+adj./n.+that-clause 或wh-clause。She has made it clear that she will have nothing to do with him.2.i)在主謂賓結構中，有一些習慣上不以that-clause或 wh-clause從句直接作賓語的動詞，如果要接賓語

7、從句，往往需要在從句前加上形式賓語it. The newspapers have it that some Japanese firms have gone bankrupt.報紙說有幾家日本公司已破產這類動詞還有：have（表明，堅持說）,take（認為）,hide（隱瞞）,love ,like，dislike, hate, enjoy ii) 在主謂賓結構中, 如果謂語動詞是短語動詞，即動詞+介詞，一般不能that接從句。如果接從句，必須加上形式賓語it. I will answer for it that Lao Ma will accomplish the task.我擔保老馬能完成這

8、項任務Look to it that you make no more similar mistakes.注意今后你不再犯類似的錯誤了I am counting on it that you will come.我期待著你的到來這類動詞還有：depend on, see to etc.iii)某些固定搭配之后如果接that賓語從句,也必須使用作形式賓語it.We owe it to you that there wasnt a serious accident.這次事故沒造成嚴重的后果全靠你I didnt send you an invitation, as I took it for gra

9、nted that you would be coming.因為我認為你當然會來,所以沒有給你發(fā)請柬三1 否定的轉移 當主句的謂語動詞是think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine等表示看法的動詞時,賓語從句中謂語動詞的否定式,習慣上前移到主句的謂語動詞上.I dont think that he will be back until nine.2 復雜疑問句/雙重疑問句特殊疑問詞+do you think/ believe/ suppose/imagine etc+其它部分（述句語序）?Who do you guess that girl in red i

10、s?Who do you imagine will speak at the meeting tomorrow?3 -Will they be ready tomorrow?-Yes, I think so. (Yes, I think that they will be ready tomorrow)so 用來替代某一些動詞(think, believe, suppose, imagine, hope etc) 后面的that從句. -Will they attend the meeting next month? -No, I dont believe so (I believe not)

11、在替代否定概念，既可以用so，也可以用not.但是：在hope和be afraid后在替代否定概念只能是not，不能是so.-Do you think well have bad weather? -I hope not.-Have you got a work permit? -Im afraid not.第三節(jié)    表語從句含有表語從句的復合句，其主句的主語常常用fact, idea, opinion, problem, question, reason, result或者由what引起的主語從句。引導表語從句連接代詞或者連接副詞除常用that以外,who,

12、 which, what, whether, when, where, why, how, because, as, as if/as though等。如：The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.What we want to know is whether your products came up to the standardShenzhen is no longer what it used to be.This is how they overcame the difficulties.It sounds

13、 as if/though somebody was knocking at the door.注意：先說結果，后說原因，用This/That is because先說原因，后說結果，用That/This is why當主語是reason時，引導表語從句的連接詞只能用that ，如He is absent. This is because he is ill./ He is ill. That is why he is absent./ The reason why he is absent is that he is ill.第四節(jié)    同位語從句1 先行詞與

14、連接代詞或者連接副詞的選擇常見的可以跟同位語從句的名詞有：fact, news, hope, belief, truth, message, word, idea, doubt, question, problem, reason, order, suggestion, 等。引導同位語從句連接代詞或者連接副詞除常用that以外,who, which, what, whether, when, where, why, how等。如：I have no idea whether he can manage to do that himself.I have no idea where he spe

15、nt the night.The question how the students could improve their spoken English is very important2 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別He made a decision that surprised all of us.He has made a decision that he will set up a new factory.同位語從句說明名詞的具體容。that和whether只起連接作用，不充當任何成分，不能省略，也不能用which或if代替；其他的連接詞在同位于從句中作句子成分，但不是指代前面的名

16、詞，而是有自身疑問意思。定語從句說明名詞的性質、特征。3 分隔同位語從句當主句的謂語部分過短時，同位語從句放在謂語動詞的后面，以免頭重腳輕，句子不平衡。The story goes that William Tell did kill the ruler with that arrow.Information has been put forward that more middle-school graduates will be admitted into universities第五節(jié)   名詞性從句幾點說明一 what/ that 1. whati) 在名詞性從句常

17、作主語、賓語、表語或賓語補足語。1) What is hard is to do good all ones life and never do anything bad.What was once regarded as possible has bow become a reality.What you say may well be true.(“的東西”；“的事情”；“的話”；相當于the thing(s) which/that; all that)2) After ten years, she changed a lot and looked different from what

18、she used to be.(“的人”相當于the person that) 3) This is what the children call “home”. 這就是孩子們稱之為“家”的地方What is now the primary school was once an old temple. 現(xiàn)在是小學的地方曾是一座古廟 (“的地方”相當于the place that)4) After what seemed a very long time, I opened my eyes and found myself in bed! 好像過了好長一段時間后，我睜開雙眼，卻發(fā)現(xiàn)自己躺在床上！

19、Times arent what they were. 時代不同了(“的時間”相當于 the time that）5) Your mothers health is not what it used to be. (what相當于the health that)6) The population is now double what it was ten year ago.（what相當于the number that）They paid fifty percent of what they were able to earn to the state.（what相當于the money th

20、at）ii) 在名詞性從句中作定語。Dont worry. I will give you what help I can 別擔心，我一定盡我所能幫你Ill lend you what few reference books I can spare. 我愿把我用不著的但為數不多的參考書全部借給你We contributed what little money we had towards the earthquake-stricken area.我們把為數不多的錢全部捐獻給地震災區(qū)iii) 用來表示比喻“A is to B what C is to D” 意思是：“A對于B 猶如C對于D 一樣

21、”Virtue is to the soul what health is to the body. 美德對于心靈猶如健康對于人的身體The people is to the peoples army what water is to fish. 人民軍隊的離不開人民，就象魚離不開水一樣2 that1)  that在名詞性從句中，沒有實在含義，不充當任何成分，只起連接作用。解題思路：what和that的選擇看從句中是否缺少成分；看從句的意思是否完整。What he said at the meeting surprised everyone present.That he

22、said nothing at the meeting surprised everyone present.The problem is what we should do to protect the earth from being polluted.The fact is that we should do something to protect the earth from being polluted.2)  that在主語從句、表語從句以及同位語從句常不能省略，也不能用which代替。3)  that 引導賓語從句時, that可以省略。 I hope (t

23、hat) we can adapt ourselves to the new situation.但是：i).在介詞之后不可省略。She knew nothing about his journey but/except that he was likely to be away for three months.ii)兩個或更多的由that引導的賓語從句并列時，僅可省略第一個連詞that。He said (that) there wasnt any trouble and that he was waiting for his change.He said (that) he had eat

24、en nothing but that he wasnt hungry.iii)that 引導的賓語從句中帶有主從復合句時，that通常不可省略。Dont you know that what he has done is right?二 if / whether1.       引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句時，通常用whether而不用if.Whether it is true remains a problem.The question is whether he will speak at the meeting.I am

25、 in doubt whether I should agree to the plan.2.       引導賓語從句時i).當賓語從句是肯定句時, 用if/whether都可以。當賓語從句是否定句時, 只能用if。Could you tell us if/whether it snows in winter in Australia?I dont care if it doesnt snow.ii).介詞之后的賓語從句只能用whether不用if.Whether well start depends on whether itll

26、 be fine tomorrow.iii). 當賓語從句位于句首表示強調時, 不用if.Whether he is coming or not, I cant tell.iiii).注意以下結構：I dont know if they will come or not ( )I dont know whether they will come or not ( )I dont know if or not they will come. ( × )I dont know whether or not they will come ( )總之，在名詞性從句中，if和whether只有

27、在肯定的賓語從句中，才可以替換。三 whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever/no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter whom1）  whatever, whichever, whoever, whomever 既可以引導讓步狀語從句，又可以引導名詞性從句。Dont change your plans, whatever (=no matter what) happens.Whatever I have is yours.Im ready to do whatever th

28、e people want me to.2）  no matter what, no matter which, no matter who, no matter whom 只能引導讓步狀語從句，不能引導名詞性從句。No matter what (=Whatever) I did, no one paid attention.四 who/whoever1 who特指誰It was a matter of who would take the position to replace Mr. Smith as principal.2 whoever泛指無論是誰Whoever will c

29、ome is none of my business.五 where/why/ how引導名詞性從句的多義性。1 where1) 引導主語從句和賓語從句時，意思是“哪兒”。Where she has gone is not known yet.她去哪兒了還不知道The little boy couldnt tell where his home was. 那個小男孩說不清自己的家在哪兒2) 引導表語從句時，意思是“的地方”。Thats where Lun Xun once lived.那就是魯迅曾經住過的地方2 why1) 引導主語從句和賓語從句時，意思是“為什么”。Why he didnt

30、come to class yesterday is still a puzzle.昨天他為什么沒來上學還是一個疑問Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道為什么冬天比夏天冷嗎？2)引導表語從句時，意思是“的原因”。Ten years of hard work! Thats why I now look so old.十年的勞累！這就是現(xiàn)在顯得如此蒼老的原因3 how1) 引導主語從句和賓語從句時，意思是“怎么，怎樣”。How they went there is unknown to us. 我們不知道他們是怎么去那兒的Excuse me, could you tell me how I can get to the Summer Palace. 勞駕，能否告訴我去頤和園怎么走？2) 引導主語從句和賓語從句時，意思是“這