汽車專業(yè)英語

1、Automobile Professional English汽車專業(yè)英語汽車專業(yè)英語SVocabulary StudySTranslation SkillsSExercisesChapter One EngineUnit 1Unit 1 Engine Mechanical Engine MechanicalUnit 2 Unit 2 EFI System EFI System Unit 3Unit 3 Engine Cooling and Lubrication Engine Cooling and Lubrication System System Unit 4Unit 4 Engine

2、Ignition, Starting and Engine Ignition, Starting and Charging System Charging System Unit 5Unit 5 Engine Diagnosis System Engine Diagnosis System Unit 1 Unit 1 Engine Mechanical Engine Mechanical n1. Cylinder Block1. Cylinder Block nThe The engine blockengine block is the main supporting is the main

3、 supporting structure to which all other engine parts are structure to which all other engine parts are attached. Fig. 1-1-1 shows a attached. Fig. 1-1-1 shows a cylindercylinder block. block. It has two main sections: the cylinder It has two main sections: the cylinder section and the section and t

4、he crankcasecrankcase section. The section. The crankcase section is used to crankcase section is used to househouse the the crankshaftcrankshaft, , oiloil pan.pan. Cooling passageways are Cooling passageways are built within the block. These passageways, built within the block. These passageways, a

5、lso known as also known as water socketswater sockets, surround the , surround the cylinders. They allow cylinders. They allow coolantcoolant to circulate to circulate throughout the cylinder area to keep the throughout the cylinder area to keep the engine cool. There is also a drilled engine cool.

6、There is also a drilled passageway within some blocks for the passageway within some blocks for the camshaftcamshaft. Many oil holes are drilled . Many oil holes are drilled internallyinternally so that engine parts can be so that engine parts can be adequatelyadequately lubricatedlubricated. .engin

7、e engine 發(fā)動機發(fā)動機 block block 氣缸體氣缸體cylinder cylinder 氣缸氣缸crankcase crankcase 曲軸箱曲軸箱house house 安裝安裝crankshaft crankshaft 曲軸曲軸camshaft camshaft 凸輪軸凸輪軸coolant coolant 冷卻液冷卻液oil pan oil pan 機油盤機油盤water socket water socket 水套水套internally internally 內(nèi)部地內(nèi)部地adequatelyadequately 充分地充分地lubricate lubricate 潤滑潤

8、滑 Four-Cylinder Engine Cylinder Block Four-Cylinder Engine Cylinder Block ( (四缸發(fā)動機氣缸體四缸發(fā)動機氣缸體) ) Fig. 1-1-1Fig. 1-1-1 1- cylinder block 1- cylinder block ( (氣缸體氣缸體) ) 2- cylinder 2- cylinder ( (氣缸氣缸) ) 3- crankcase area 3- crankcase area （曲軸箱部分）（曲軸箱部分）n2. Cylinder Liners2. Cylinder LinersnThe purpos

9、e of using a The purpose of using a linerliner is that, if is that, if the cylinder is damaged, the liner can be the cylinder is damaged, the liner can be removeremoved and d and replacereplaced rather easily. There d rather easily. There nare two types of sleevesare two types of sleeveswet and dry.

10、wet and dry.n SealSeals must be used on the top and bottom s must be used on the top and bottom of the wet sleeve in order to keep the of the wet sleeve in order to keep the coolant from coolant from leakleaking out of the cooling ing out of the cooling system. system. n3. Cylinder Head3. Cylinder H

11、eadnThe Cylinder head is used to hold the The Cylinder head is used to hold the valvevalves, and it has s, and it has portports to allow air, s to allow air, fuel and fuel and exhaustexhaust to move through the to move through the engine. engine. In additionIn addition, it has coolant , it has coola

12、nt passages. Fig.1-1-2 shows a cylinder head. passages. Fig.1-1-2 shows a cylinder head. After the cylinder head has been cast, After the cylinder head has been cast, some areas must be machined so that some areas must be machined so that intakeintake and exhaust and exhaust manifoldmanifolds can be

13、 s can be attached, valves can be seated, attached, valves can be seated, sparkspark plugplugs and s and injectorinjectors can be s can be installinstalled, and ed, and a good seal can be provided to the block.a good seal can be provided to the block.linerliner（發(fā)動機)氣缸套remove remove 拆下replace replace

14、 取代seal seal 密封，封條leak leak 使?jié)B漏valve valve 氣門；閥port port 孔管道exhaust exhaust 排氣in addition in addition 另外intake intake 進氣，吸入manifold manifold 歧管spark spark 火花plug plug 塞子injector injector 噴油器install install 安裝 Cylinder HeadCylinder Head（氣缸蓋）（氣缸蓋） Fig. 1-1-2Fig. 1-1-21-cap(1-cap(蓋蓋) 2- cylinder head )

15、 2- cylinder head boltbolt（氣缸蓋螺栓）（氣缸蓋螺栓） 3-exhaust manifold gasket3-exhaust manifold gasket（排氣歧管墊）（排氣歧管墊）4-cylinder head gasket4-cylinder head gasket（氣缸（氣缸蓋墊片）蓋墊片）5- intake manifold 5- intake manifold gasket(gasket(進氣歧管墊進氣歧管墊) ) 6-cylinder head (6-cylinder head (氣缸蓋氣缸蓋) )7-cylinder head cover gasket

16、 7-cylinder head cover gasket ( (氣缸蓋罩墊片氣缸蓋罩墊片)8- cylinder )8- cylinder head cover (head cover (氣缸蓋罩）氣缸蓋罩）n4. Piston and Connecting Rod Assembly4. Piston and Connecting Rod AssemblynThe The pistonpiston and and connecting rodconnecting rod assembly assembly transmits the power from transmits the powe

17、r from combustioncombustion to to the crankshaft. Shown in Fig.1-1-3 ,it the crankshaft. Shown in Fig.1-1-3 ,it mainlymainlyn consists ofconsists of piston, piston, compressioncompression rings, rings, oil control rings, piston oil control rings, piston pin pin and and connecting rod.(1)piston: Pist

18、on connecting rod.(1)piston: Piston fitfits s closelyclosely within the engine cylinder or within the engine cylinder or liner and is able to move liner and is able to move alternatelyalternately up up and downand down in the cylinder.(2)piston rings: in the cylinder.(2)piston rings: There are two t

19、ypes of piston ringsThere are two types of piston rings：compression and oil control rings. The compression and oil control rings. The compression ringscompression rings are used to seal the are used to seal the pressures of compression and power. The pressures of compression and power. The oil contr

20、ol rings are employed to oil control rings are employed to scrapescrape oil from the cylinder walls.(3)oil from the cylinder walls.(3)piston piston pinpin: It is used to connect piston to : It is used to connect piston to connecting rod.(4)connecting rod: it is connecting rod.(4)connecting rod: it i

21、s used to connect piston to crankshaft and used to connect piston to crankshaft and changes the changes the reciprocatingreciprocating motionmotion to the to the rotaryrotary motion. motion. piston piston 活塞connecting rod connecting rod 連桿combustion combustion 燃燒consists ofconsists of 由.組成compressio

22、n compression 壓縮pin pin 銷fit fit 使配合closely closely 緊密地alternately alternately 交替地up and down up and down 上上下下compression ring compression ring 氣環(huán)scrape scrape 把.刮除piston pinpiston pin 活塞銷reciprocating motionreciprocating motion 往復運動rotary rotary 旋轉(zhuǎn)的 Piston and Rod Assembly Piston and Rod Assembly （

23、活塞和連桿總成）（活塞和連桿總成） Fig. 1-1-3Fig. 1-1-3 1- piston (1- piston (活塞活塞) ) 2- piston rings (2- piston rings (活塞環(huán)活塞環(huán)) )3- piston pin(3- piston pin(活塞銷活塞銷) ) 4- connecting rod (4- connecting rod (連桿連桿) ) 5- connecting rod bolts 5- connecting rod bolts ( (連桿螺栓連桿螺栓) ) 6- connecting rod cap 6- connecting rod c

24、ap ( (連桿蓋連桿蓋) ) 7- connecting rod 7- connecting rod bearing (bearing (連桿軸瓦連桿軸瓦) )5. Crankshaft Assembly5. Crankshaft AssemblyIt is bolted to the bottom of theIt is bolted to the bottom of thecylinder block. The crankshaftcylinder block. The crankshaftassembly includes the crankshaft,assembly include

25、s the crankshaft,bearings, flywheel, bearings, flywheel, harmonicharmonicbalancerbalancer, , timingtiming geargear, and front , and front and rear seals.Fig.1-1-4 shows and rear seals.Fig.1-1-4 shows crankshaft assembly.crankshaft assembly.6. Camshaft Assembly6. Camshaft AssemblyThe camshaft is driv

26、en by the The camshaft is driven by the crankshaft and used to open and crankshaft and used to open and close the valves. The camshaft close the valves. The camshaft assembly includes the camshaft, assembly includes the camshaft, camshaft timing gear, camshaft camshaft timing gear, camshaft bearing,

27、 and timing bearing, and timing chain, beltchain, belt（if usedif used）. .harmonicharmonicbalancerbalancer 扭轉(zhuǎn)減震器timingtiming gear gear 正時齒輪chain beltchain belt 鏈(條)傳動帶7. Valve Drive Mechanism7. Valve Drive MechanismIt is used to transfer the camshaft lift It is used to transfer the camshaft lift The

28、valve drive mechanism consists of theThe valve drive mechanism consists of thelifterlifters, the s, the pushrodpushrods and the s and the rocker armsrocker armsLifters change the rotary motion of the Lifters change the rotary motion of the camshaft to reciprocating motion to open camshaft to recipro

29、cating motion to open and close the valve. and close the valve. HydraulicHydraulic lifters lifters are used to reduce noise and control are used to reduce noise and control the valve clearance on many engines. Theythe valve clearance on many engines. Theyabsorb the valve train absorb the valve train

30、 clearanceclearance by using by usingoil pressure inside the lifter body. oil pressure inside the lifter body. Pushrods are used only on engines thatPushrods are used only on engines thathave the camshaft placed within the block.have the camshaft placed within the block.Overhead camshafts do not nee

31、d pushrods.Overhead camshafts do not need pushrods.Rocker arms are designed to change the Rocker arms are designed to change the direction of the cam direction of the cam lifting forcelifting force. . lifter n. lifter n. 挺柱pushrod n.pushrod n. 推桿rocker armrocker arm 搖臂hydraulic hydraulic adj. adj. 液

32、壓的clearance clearance n. n.間隙lifting lifting forceforce 舉升力 Crankshaft AssemblyCrankshaft Assembly（曲軸總成）（曲軸總成）n Fig. 1-1-4Fig. 1-1-4n1- front (1- front (前端前端) 2- main bearing) 2- main bearing（主軸頸）（主軸頸）n3- connecting rod bearing 3- connecting rod bearing （連桿軸頸）（連桿軸頸）n4-crank4-crank（曲柄）（曲柄） 5- counter

33、weight5- counterweight（平衡重）（平衡重）n6- rear flange6- rear flange（后端法蘭）（后端法蘭）n7- camshaft assembly 7- camshaft assembly （凸輪軸總成）（凸輪軸總成）n8. Valve Assembly8. Valve AssemblynThe valve assembly, shown in Fig.1-1-5, The valve assembly, shown in Fig.1-1-5, includes the valves, includes the valves, valve guides

34、valve guides, , valvevalvenseatsseats, valve springs, , valve springs, spring retainersspring retainers and and seals.seals. (1)valves:The intake valves and the (1)valves:The intake valves and the exhaust valves are located within the cylinder exhaust valves are located within the cylinder head on m

35、ost engines today. The exhaust valves head on most engines today. The exhaust valves are usually smaller in are usually smaller in diameterdiameter than the than the intake ones, because on the exhaust stroke the intake ones, because on the exhaust stroke the gases move more easily for the pressure

36、of the gases move more easily for the pressure of the piston forcing them out.(2) valve guides: The piston forcing them out.(2) valve guides: The valve guides support the valve in the cylinder valve guides support the valve in the cylinder head.(3) valve seats :The seats provide a head.(3) valve sea

37、ts :The seats provide a surface for the intake and exhaust valves to surface for the intake and exhaust valves to seal the seal the combustion chambercombustion chamber. They are pressed . They are pressed into the cylinder head and into the cylinder head and ground ground to the to the correct angl

38、e.(4) valve springs, correct angle.(4) valve springs, keeperkeepers and s and retainers: The valve springs keep the valves retainers: The valve springs keep the valves closed when the camshaft is not lifting the closed when the camshaft is not lifting the valves. Keepers and retainers are designed t

39、o valves. Keepers and retainers are designed to keep the valve spring keep the valve spring securesecured to the valve d to the valve stemstem. . valve guide valve guide 氣門導管valve seatvalve seat 氣門座spring spring retainer retainer 彈簧座圈diameter diameter 直徑combustion combustion chamberchamber 燃燒室ground

40、.ground. 與水平面成keeper keeper 鎖片secure secure 緊固stem stem 桿，柄Translation Skill (1)Translation Skill (1) 科技英語翻譯的標準與方法科技英語翻譯的標準與方法一、翻譯的標準一、翻譯的標準科技英語的翻譯標準可概括為科技英語的翻譯標準可概括為“忠實、通順忠實、通順”四個字。四個字。忠實，指忠實于原文內(nèi)容。忠實，指忠實于原文內(nèi)容。通順，指譯文語言必須通俗易懂，符合規(guī)范。通順，指譯文語言必須通俗易懂，符合規(guī)范。例如：例如：1. The electric resistance is measured in oh

41、ms. 誤譯：電的反抗是用歐姆測量的。誤譯：電的反抗是用歐姆測量的。 正譯：電阻的測量單位是歐姆。正譯：電阻的測量單位是歐姆。 2. The moment the circuit is completed, a current will start flowing the coil. 誤譯：電路被完成的片刻，一個電流將開始流向這個線誤譯：電路被完成的片刻，一個電流將開始流向這個線 圈。圈。 正譯：電路一旦接通，電流開始流向線圈。正譯：電路一旦接通，電流開始流向線圈。二、翻譯的方法二、翻譯的方法翻譯的方法一般來說有直譯（翻譯的方法一般來說有直譯（literal translation）和異譯（）

42、和異譯（free translation）兩種。）兩種。直譯，指直譯，指“既忠實于原文內(nèi)容，又忠實于原文的形式既忠實于原文內(nèi)容，又忠實于原文的形式”的翻譯。的翻譯。異譯，指忠實于原文的內(nèi)容，但不拘泥原文的形式。異譯，指忠實于原文的內(nèi)容，但不拘泥原文的形式。例如：例如： Many oil holes are drilled internally so that engine parts can be adequately lubricated. 直譯：有許多油孔在內(nèi)部被鉆出，以使發(fā)動機能夠被充分的直譯：有許多油孔在內(nèi)部被鉆出，以使發(fā)動機能夠被充分的 潤滑。潤滑。 異譯：發(fā)動機內(nèi)部鉆有許多油道，可

43、使其得到充分的潤滑。異譯：發(fā)動機內(nèi)部鉆有許多油道，可使其得到充分的潤滑。 ExercisesExercises（練習）（練習）1.Translate the following into Chinese1.Translate the following into Chinese（1 1）valve spring retainervalve spring retainer（2 2）valve drive mechanismvalve drive mechanism（3 3）exhaust manifold gasketexhaust manifold gasket（4 4）valve stemv

44、alve stem（5 5）reciprocating enginereciprocating engine（6 6）compression ratiocompression ratio（7 7）exhaust strokeexhaust stroke（8 8）connecting rodconnecting rod bearingbearingn（1）氣門彈簧座圈）氣門彈簧座圈（2）氣門驅(qū)動裝置）氣門驅(qū)動裝置（3）排氣歧管墊）排氣歧管墊（4）氣門桿）氣門桿（5）往復式發(fā)動機）往復式發(fā)動機（6）壓縮比）壓縮比（7）排氣行程）排氣行程（8）連桿軸承）連桿軸承2.Translate the fol

45、lowing into English2.Translate the following into English（1 1）曲軸主軸徑）曲軸主軸徑（2 2）缸蓋螺栓）缸蓋螺栓（3 3）活塞環(huán)）活塞環(huán)（4 4）連桿軸徑）連桿軸徑（5 5）氣缸蓋墊）氣缸蓋墊（6 6）連桿螺栓）連桿螺栓（7 7）搖臂軸）搖臂軸 (8)(8)液力挺柱液力挺柱（1 1）Crankshaft main bearingCrankshaft main bearing（2 2）Cylinder head boltCylinder head bolt（3 3）Piston ring Piston ring （4 4）Connec

46、ting rod bearing Connecting rod bearing （5 5）Cylinder head gasketCylinder head gasket（6 6）Connecting rod boltConnecting rod bolt（7 7）Rocker arm shaftRocker arm shaft（8 8）Hydraulic lifterHydraulic lifter3.Translate the following sentences into English3.Translate the following sentences into English(1

47、).The problem can often be(1).The problem can often be associated with a crack in associated with a crack in cylinder head or possible warp of cylinder head or possible warp of the cylinder head .A crack in the the cylinder head .A crack in the block may also cause coolant to block may also cause co

48、olant to the combustion chamber and cause the combustion chamber and cause white exhaust smoke. white exhaust smoke.(2).When installing an exchange (2).When installing an exchange cylinder head (with camshaft cylinder head (with camshaft installed )the contact surfaces installed )the contact surfaces between the hydraulic lifters and between the hydraulic lifters and the cam must be oil