非謂語動(dòng)詞：動(dòng)詞ing形式

1、2021/3/91學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：學(xué)習(xí)重點(diǎn)：1.非謂語動(dòng)詞的種類非謂語動(dòng)詞的種類;時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)2. 用法用法3. 考點(diǎn)考點(diǎn)2021/3/921.我看見那個(gè)男孩在吃蘋果我看見那個(gè)男孩在吃蘋果.I saw the boy eating an apple.2.在樹下坐著的那女孩是我姐姐在樹下坐著的那女孩是我姐姐.The girl sitting under the tree is my sister.3.學(xué)習(xí)對現(xiàn)代生活很重要Learning is important to modern life動(dòng)詞ing 形式表示: 1.主動(dòng) ; 進(jìn)行 2. 泛指,沒有特別時(shí)間意義或習(xí)慣性長期性動(dòng)作構(gòu)成:V-in

2、g 形式由形式由 “doing” 構(gòu)成，構(gòu)成，其否定形式其否定形式:“not doing”, V-ing 是可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成是可以帶賓語或狀語構(gòu)成 V-ing 短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的短語，沒有人稱和數(shù)的變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。變化，但有時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化。2021/3/93語態(tài)語態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)時(shí)態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)主動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)被動(dòng)語態(tài)一般式一般式完成式完成式(not) doing(not) being done(not) having done(not) having been done動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing 形式的分形式的分和和:1. 一般式一般式:表示這個(gè)表示這個(gè)的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行正在進(jìn)行或與或與謂語謂

3、語表示的動(dòng)作表示的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生同時(shí)發(fā)生.2. 完成式完成式:強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)這個(gè)的動(dòng)作的動(dòng)作在在謂語謂語動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作動(dòng)詞所表示的動(dòng)作之前之前完成完成.如:他們有說有笑地走出教室They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.由于已經(jīng)在這個(gè)城市住了三年,她對它非常了解.Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 2021/3/94觀察句子，找特點(diǎn).游泳是她最喜歡的體育運(yùn)動(dòng)。 Swimming is her favorite sport.我記得上星期給

4、他發(fā)過一份電子郵件。 I remembered sending him an e-mail last week.他們住在一所朝南的房子里。 They lived in a house facing south.我看見那個(gè)男孩在吃蘋果 I saw the boy eating an apple.5.她的工作是保持 房間干凈 Her job is keeping the room clean. 6. 由于已經(jīng)在這個(gè)城市住了三年,她對它非常了解.Having lived in this city for three years, she knows it very well. 主語主語定語定語賓語賓

5、語表語表語狀語狀語賓語補(bǔ)賓語補(bǔ) 足語足語不定式不定式 v-ing 形式形式3125642021/3/95 A 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語形式作主語1 動(dòng)詞-ing形式可直接置于句首作主語。 百聞不如一見。Seeing is believing.= To see is to believe.2 為了保持句子平衡，通常用先行詞it作形式主語，而把真正的主語放在句末。爭論這事是浪費(fèi)時(shí)間。Its a waste of time arguing about it.必背必背動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語的幾個(gè)常用句型。形式作主語的幾個(gè)常用句型。Its no good talking to him. 和他談話是

6、沒有用的。It is useless telephoning him. He is not willing to come.給他打電話沒用。他不愿意來。Its worth making an effort. 努力一下是值得的。There is no saying when it will stop raining. 無法斷定這場雨什么時(shí)候會(huì)停。There is no joking about such matters. 這種事開不得玩笑。2021/3/96 B 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語形式作表語1 表示主語的內(nèi)容表示主語的內(nèi)容Her job is keeping the lecture ha

7、ll as clean as possible. 她的工作是盡量使報(bào)告廳保持干凈。2 表示主語具有的特征表示主語具有的特征(動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞ing 相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞）相當(dāng)一個(gè)形容詞）The problem is quite puzzling. 這個(gè)問題很令困惑。1. Her work is _( look )after the children.2. My aim is _( go ) to Tsinghua University.3. One of my bad habit is _(bite ) nails（指甲）.2021/3/97 C 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語形式作賓語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式既可

8、作形式既可作及物動(dòng)詞的賓語及物動(dòng)詞的賓語，也可作，也可作介介詞的賓語詞的賓語。1 能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的及物動(dòng)詞可分兩類，一類是只能用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，另一類是既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語。只能用-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞(這類動(dòng)詞只能用-ing形式作賓語，不能用不定式作賓語。)Fancy meeting you here!想不到在這兒見到你了！I suggest doing it in a different way.建議用另一種方法做這件事。2021/3/98 既可用動(dòng)詞既可用動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語形式作賓語，也可用不定式作賓語這類動(dòng)詞雖然

9、既能用-ing形式作賓語，也能用不定式作賓語，但用法并不相同，主要有以下幾種情況：有些動(dòng)詞，如attempt, continue, hate, intend, like, love, prefer等，后面接動(dòng)詞-ing形式或不定式區(qū)別不是很大。They prefer spending/to spend their summer vacation in Dalian. 他們更喜歡在大連度暑假。I intend to buy/buying an English-Chinese dictionary. 我想買一本英漢詞典。提示提示應(yīng)盡量避免接連出現(xiàn)兩上動(dòng)詞-ing形式。I am starting t

10、o learn Russian. 我開始學(xué)俄語。避免說：I am starting learning Russian. 我開始學(xué)俄語。2021/3/99只能接動(dòng)詞只能接動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：形式作賓語的動(dòng)詞：2021/3/910 1.He was in low spirits and even consider _(go ) away. 2.Practise _( put ) your hand to the ground. 3.I cant help _( have ) the trip to Britain. 4.Dont tell me you always escape _(

11、fine) because you have a fast sports car. 5.Leave off _(bite) your nails! 6.He didnt feel like _( work ), so he suggested _( spend ) the day in the garden. 7.You certainly mustnt miss _( see ) the wonderful film.going putting havingbeing finedbiting working spending seeing 2021/3/9118.The doctor adv

12、ised _( stay ) longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children.12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances.13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whol

13、e night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood).ss8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children.12.They all sugge

14、sted _( give ) more chances.13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood).s8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital.9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _( write )

15、 to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children.12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances.13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood).s8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital.9.We apprecia

16、te your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties.10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children.12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances.13.Can you imagine _( leave ) standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the

17、area from _( flood).s9.We appreciate your _( want ) _( help ) us in our difficulties.8.The doctor advised _( stay ) longer in hospital.10.Michael has delayed _( write ) to her till today. 11.The law forbids _( sell )liquor to children.12.They all suggested _( give ) more chances.13.Can you imagine _

18、( leave ) standing outside for a whole night.14.They built the banks to prevent the area from _( flood).to helpstayingwantingwritingsellinggivingleaving being flooded2021/3/912必背必背只接動(dòng)詞只接動(dòng)詞-ing形式而不接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：形式而不接不定式作賓語的動(dòng)詞有：admit 承認(rèn) appreciate 感激 avoid 避免put off 推遲 keep 保持 consider 考慮delay 耽擱 dislik

19、e 嫌惡 resist抵制mention 提及 enjoy 喜歡 escape 避免excuse 原諒 practice 練習(xí) mind介意fancy想不到 feel like 意欲 finish 完成risk 冒險(xiǎn) include 包括 forgive 原諒give up 放棄 suggest 建議 miss 逃過 imagine 設(shè)想 cannot help 情不自禁2021/3/913 D 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語1. 感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞(see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, obser

20、ve)/ find等詞等詞+ sb + doing sthWe heard the children shouting upstairs.我們聽見孩子們在樓上叫喊。 I felt my heart beating violently.我覺得我的心在猛烈地跳動(dòng)。2.感官動(dòng)詞感官動(dòng)詞(see, hear, notice, watch, feel, smell, look at, listen to, observe)+ sb + do sth (用動(dòng)詞原用動(dòng)詞原形時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的全過程形時(shí)，表示動(dòng)作的全過程.) He saw a girl getting on the bus.他看見一個(gè)女孩在上公共

21、汽車。 He saw a girl get on the bus and drive off.他看見一個(gè)女孩上公共汽車后開走了。2021/3/9143 have, get, leave, keep, set, catch(等表示等表示“致致使使”的動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)詞) +sb/ sth + doing sth (作賓補(bǔ)）作賓補(bǔ)）They should not leave us wondering what they will do next.他們不應(yīng)該不讓我們知道他們下一步要做什么。I wont have you running about in the room.我不允許你在房間里跑來跑去。We k

22、ept the fire burning all night long.我們讓火整夜燃燒著。點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥；如果賓語補(bǔ)足語是一系列的動(dòng)作，通常只能用不定式來表示，不用動(dòng)詞-ing形式。I saw him enter the room sit down and light a cigarette. 我看見他走進(jìn)房間，坐了下來，點(diǎn)燃了一根香煙。2021/3/915 E 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語形式作定語1 單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞單個(gè)的動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。形式可以作前置定語，一般具有兩種含義。 說明被修飾名詞的用途和性能。a reading room = a room which is

23、 used for reading running shoes =shoes for running a working method =a method of working 表示所修飾的人或物的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，在意思上接近一個(gè)定語從句，可以表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，也可表示經(jīng)常性動(dòng)作或當(dāng)時(shí)的狀態(tài)。developing countries = countries that are developing發(fā)展中國家an ordinary-looking house = a house that looks ordinary看起來很普通的房子a puzzling problem = a problem th

24、at puzzles somebody困擾人的問題閱覽室跑鞋工作方法2021/3/9162 作定語的動(dòng)詞作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式如是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修形式如是一個(gè)短語，則應(yīng)放在被修飾詞的后面。飾詞的后面。They lived in a house facing south.他們住在一所朝南的房子里。3 某些情況下，動(dòng)詞某些情況下，動(dòng)詞-ing形式不能用來作定語，必須用形式不能用來作定語，必須用定語從句。定語從句。 作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式表示的動(dòng)作要與主句謂語的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，如兩者不能同時(shí)發(fā)生的話，則需使用定語從句。 【誤】The professor coming here yesterd

25、ay will give us a lecture.【正】The professor who came here yesterday will give us a lecture. 昨天來的教授將要給我們作一個(gè)講座。2021/3/917 動(dòng)詞-ing形式的完成式一般只用來作狀語，不作定語。 【誤】The temple having been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.正】The temple which has been destroyed by the earthquake will be rebuilt soon.被地

26、震毀壞的廟宇很快就要重建了。2021/3/918 F 動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞-ing形式作狀語形式作狀語動(dòng)詞-ing形式可以作狀語，在句中表示時(shí)間、原因、結(jié)果、條件、讓步、行為方式或伴隨情況等。動(dòng)詞-ing形式作時(shí)間、原因、條件、讓步狀語時(shí)多位于句首；作結(jié)果、伴隨情況狀語時(shí)常位于句末。1 表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。表示時(shí)間，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)時(shí)間狀語從句。 Having made full preparations, we are ready for the examination.我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。我們已經(jīng)作好了充分準(zhǔn)備，現(xiàn)在可以應(yīng)考了。(= After we have made f

27、ull preparations.)2 表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。表示原因，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)原因狀語從句。 Being ill, he didnt go to school yesterday.由于生病，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。由于生病，他昨天沒有上學(xué)。(= Since he was ill.)2021/3/9193 表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語。表示結(jié)果，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列謂語。 His father died, leaving him a lot of money. = and left him a lot of money.他父親死了，留給他許多錢他父親死了，留給他許多錢.4 表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)

28、條件狀語從句。表示條件，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語從句。 Working hard at your lessons, you will succeed.=If you work hard at your lessons.如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。如果你努力學(xué)習(xí)，就一定能成功。5 表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。表示讓步，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)讓步狀語從句。 Knowing all this, they made me pay for the damage.= Although they knew all this.盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。盡管知道了一切情況，他們還是要我賠償損失。2021/

29、3/920e.g._a reply, he decided to write a sixth letter.A. Not receiving B. Not to receive C. Not having received D. Having not receivede.g. Having finished my homework,I went to watchTV.解析沒收信的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在決定寫信這一動(dòng)作之前沒收信的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在決定寫信這一動(dòng)作之前所以應(yīng)該用所以應(yīng)該用having done ;having done ;此題又是表否定含此題又是表否定含義，分詞的否定式為義，分詞的否定式為not d

30、oing/not having not doing/not having done; done; 故選故選 c c6 表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。表示行為方式、伴隨情況或補(bǔ)充說明，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)并列結(jié)構(gòu)。 He lay on the grass, staring at the sky for a long time.= .and stared at the sky for a long time 他躺在草地上，長時(shí)間地望著天空。他躺在草地上，長時(shí)間地望著天空。2021/3/921-ing 形式形式-ing 形式主要考查其在句子中作定語和狀語的用法 European foo

31、tball is played in 80 countries, _ it the most popular sport in the world. （NMET1998） A. making B. makes C. made D. to make解析He rushed to the train station, only _ the train had gone.A. finding B. found C. finds D. to findD2021/3/922解析Making it the popular sport in the world為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語，這為現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀

32、語，這類分詞短語常放在句子的后面類分詞短語常放在句子的后面,v-ing表表示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎示順其自然，不定式表示突然，出乎意料。如：意料。如：His parents died, leaving him an orphan.He rushed to the post office only to find it was closed2021/3/923動(dòng)動(dòng) 詞詞 -ing 形形 式式 的的 邏邏 輯輯 主主 語語 A 作主語的動(dòng)詞作主語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式作主語時(shí)，其邏輯主語對于談話雙方是不言而喻的。Reading aloud is very helpful.

33、朗讀是很有好處的。(Reading aloud的邏輯主語是泛指任何人，因而無需表達(dá)出來)點(diǎn)撥點(diǎn)撥:如果作主語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式需要自己的邏輯主語時(shí)，一般用物主代詞或名詞所有格(即名詞后加s)His fathers falling ill worried him greatly.他父親生病使他很著急。(his father是falling ill的邏輯主語)2021/3/924 B 作表語的動(dòng)詞作表語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式作表語時(shí)，其邏輯主語往往是句子中的主語，但用作表語的-ing形式也可帶有自己的邏輯主語。What worries me most is her staying too late every night. (staying too late every night的邏輯主語是her) C 作定語的動(dòng)詞作定語的動(dòng)詞-ing形式形式動(dòng)詞-ing形式作定語時(shí)，其邏輯主語就是它修飾的名詞。an interesting book 一本有意思的書= a book that interests its readersa running st