動(dòng)詞不定式 (2)

1、動(dòng)詞不定式1、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本形式：to動(dòng)詞原形，有時(shí)可以不用to，to是不定式符號(hào)，本身無詞義，動(dòng)詞不定式的否定形式是not+to+動(dòng)詞原形，不定式的疑問形式wh/how+to+動(dòng)詞原形。2、動(dòng)詞不定式的基本用法功能例句說明主語(yǔ)To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak English.講英語(yǔ)對(duì)我們來說不容易。做主語(yǔ)用的不定式，常常用it做形式主語(yǔ)，而把不定式放在后面。其固定形式為，It is+adj./n+for/of sb.to do sth.表語(yǔ)Her work is to clean the

2、room every day. =To clean the room every day is her work.她的工作就是每天打掃這間屋子。多數(shù)情況下，不定式做表語(yǔ)，可轉(zhuǎn)換為做主語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)What do you want to do?你想做什么？I want to play soccer.我想踢足球。只能做某些動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，一般不做介詞的賓語(yǔ)。如：decide, want, hope,wish,ask,agree,afford,would like/love等。賓補(bǔ)She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English class.她讓我在英語(yǔ)課上不要講

3、漢語(yǔ)。在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官動(dòng)詞后，不定式省略to，但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不省to。定語(yǔ)Have you got anything to say? 你有要說的嗎？不定式做定語(yǔ)，要放在所修飾的后面，并與前面的名詞、代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。狀語(yǔ)Im sorry to trouble you.（其原因，此時(shí)to翻譯“因?yàn)椤保┖鼙?，給你添麻煩了。I went to the library to study English.（表目的，此時(shí)to等于“in order to”）我去圖書館學(xué)英語(yǔ)了。不定式做狀語(yǔ)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)要和句子的主語(yǔ)一致。3、不定式的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)構(gòu)例句 tooto d

4、oHe is too young to go to school.他太小，還不能上學(xué)。（He is so young that he cant go to school.）=He isnt old enough tonot+不定式He told me not to smoke.他告訴我不要抽煙。 Wh-（how）+不定式He didnt know what to do next.他不知道下一步該做什么。When to start has not been decided.何時(shí)動(dòng)身尚未決定。The famer showed the students how to drive tractors.農(nóng)

5、民教學(xué)生們?nèi)绾伍_拖拉機(jī)。for+名（代）詞不定式It is important for us to learn from each other.互相學(xué)習(xí)對(duì)我們是重要的。of+名（代）詞不定式It is very kind of you to help me with my English.你幫助我學(xué)英語(yǔ)真是太好了。4、動(dòng)詞不定式的注意事項(xiàng)（1）接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：三個(gè)希望（hope, wish, expect），兩答應(yīng)（agree, promise）;兩個(gè)要求（ask, would like）莫拒絕（refuse）；設(shè)法（manage）學(xué)會(huì)（learn）做決定（decide, make u

6、p ones mind, make resolutions）;不要假裝（pretend），在選擇（choose）計(jì)劃（plan）。（2）接不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞往往可以接賓補(bǔ)形式，但hope除外。Hope sb to do sth (F)改：wish sb to do sth.(T) （3）接不定式作賓補(bǔ)，省去不定式符號(hào)to的動(dòng)詞有：四“看”（notice, watch, look at, see）；三“使”（have, make, let）；兩“聽”（listen to, hear）； 一“感覺”（feel）；一“發(fā)現(xiàn)”（find）；一“最好”（had better）；一“樂意”（please）

7、；一“幫助”（help）。但在被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中不省to（還原法）（4）注意“tooto do”結(jié)構(gòu)的轉(zhuǎn)換too +adj/adv+to do not+adj/adv（反義詞）enough+ to do soadj/adv+that+主cant/couldnt+do（5）注意“wh（how）+不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)換為帶疑問的賓語(yǔ)從句。Wh（how）to do Wh（how）+主will（或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞）do（6）不定式作定語(yǔ)與前面名詞或代詞有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系。此外，作定語(yǔ)的不定式如果是不及物動(dòng)詞，且與所修飾的詞之間有動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，要在不定式后加適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~。（7）在“Its+adj+for+名（代）詞不定式”與“Its+ad

8、j+of+名（代）詞不定式”兩個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)中，如果要說明動(dòng)詞不定式的動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的使用for；如果表語(yǔ)是描述行為者的性格的形容詞時(shí)，則使用of。練習(xí)1、healthy is very important and necessary.A. To keepB. KeepC. KeptD. Not to keep2、I find it necessary wild animals .A. protectingB. to protectC. to be protected D.to protecting3、Our teacher us not to be late next time.A. hopesB. w

9、ishesC. wantsD. Both B and C4、Do you have something in your food shop?A. drinkingB. drankC. to drinkD. to be drunk5、He knows what and what .A. to do, to not do;B. to not do ,to do;C. to do, not to doing;D. to do, not to do; 6、The teacher asked Ben a difficult question in class.A. answerB. answeringC

10、. to answerD. answered7、Youd better too much time playing computer games.A. dont spendB. not to spendC. to not spendD. not spend8、More and more young people are trying to do something the old.A. servedB. to serveC. serveD. serves9、Do you know Neil Armstrong?Yes, He is the first man on the moon.A. wa

11、lkB. walksC.to walkD. walked10、Is Jack in the library?Maybe, I saw him out with some books just now.A. goingB. goC. to goD. went11、Some children are arguing about what TV programmers .A. watchingB. for watchingC. to watchD. will watch12、The boy promised late for school again.A. to not beB. not to beC. not beingD. being not13、My brothers ill in hospital.-I 'm sorry _that.IA. hearB. hearingC. heardD. to h