高壓直流輸電簡介

1、滄 州 師 范 學(xué) 院專 業(yè) 外 語 閱 讀文 獻 綜 述系 部 機械與電氣工程學(xué)院 姓 名 李 楠 學(xué) 號 1314216113 專 業(yè) 電氣工程及其自動化 班 級 2013級1班 2016年 1 月高壓直流輸電簡介摘要:高壓直流輸電技術(shù)被用于通過架空線和海底電纜遠距離輸送電能；同時在一些不適于用傳統(tǒng)交流聯(lián)接的場合，它也被用于獨立電力系統(tǒng)間的聯(lián)接。高壓直流輸電用于遠距離或超遠距離輸電，因為它相對傳統(tǒng)的交流輸電更經(jīng)濟。自上世紀(jì)80年代以來，電力傳輸技術(shù)的發(fā)展步伐明顯加快，提高傳輸能力的辦法不斷涌現(xiàn)，既有直流輸電技術(shù)、柔性交流輸電技術(shù)、分頻輸電技術(shù)等高新技術(shù)，同時也有對現(xiàn)有高壓交流輸電線路的增容

2、改造技術(shù)，如升壓改造、復(fù)導(dǎo)增容改造、交流輸電線路改為直流輸電技術(shù)等。關(guān)鍵詞:高壓直流輸電技術(shù)；經(jīng)濟性；節(jié)能一、介紹高壓直流輸電技術(shù)被用于通過架空線和海底電纜遠距離輸送電能；同時在一些不適于用傳統(tǒng)交流聯(lián)接的場合，它也被用于獨立電力系統(tǒng)間的聯(lián)接。世界上第一條商業(yè)化的高壓直流輸電線路1954年誕生于瑞典，用于連接瑞典本土和哥特蘭島，由阿西亞公司(ASEA, 今ABB集團)完成。二、功能在一個高壓直流輸電系統(tǒng)中，電能從三相交流電網(wǎng)的一點導(dǎo)出，在換流站轉(zhuǎn)換成直流，通過架空線或電纜傳送到接受點；直流在另一側(cè)換流站轉(zhuǎn)化成交流后，再進入接收方的交流電網(wǎng)。直流輸電的額定功率通常大于100兆瓦，許多在1000-3

3、000兆瓦之間。高壓直流輸電用于遠距離或超遠距離輸電，因為它相對傳統(tǒng)的交流輸電更經(jīng)濟。應(yīng)用高壓直流輸電系統(tǒng)，電能等級和方向均能得到快速精確的控制，這種性能可提高它所連接的交流電網(wǎng)性能和效率，直流輸電系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被普遍應(yīng)用。高壓直流輸電是將三相交流電通過換流站整流變成直流電，然后通過直流輸電線路送往另一個換流站逆變成三相交流電的輸電方式。它基本上由兩個換流站和直流輸電線組成， 兩個換流站與兩端的交流系統(tǒng)相連接。直流輸電線造價低于交流輸電線路但換流站造價卻比交流變電站高得多。一般認(rèn)為架空線路超過600-800km，電纜線路超過40-60km直流輸電較交流輸電經(jīng)濟。隨著高電壓大容量可控硅及控制保護技術(shù)的

4、發(fā)展，換流設(shè)備造價逐漸降低直流輸電近年來發(fā)展較快。我國葛洲壩一上海1100km、±500kV，輸送容量的直流輸電工程，已經(jīng)建成并投入運行。此外，全長超過2000公里的向家壩-上海直流輸電工程也已經(jīng)完成，予2010年7月8日投入運行。該線路是目前（截至2011年初）世界上距離最長的高壓直流輸電項目。三、節(jié)能探索編輯自上世紀(jì)80年代以來，電力傳輸技術(shù)的發(fā)展步伐明顯加快，提高傳輸能力的辦法不斷涌現(xiàn)，既有直流輸電技術(shù)、柔性交流輸電技術(shù)、分頻輸電技術(shù)等高新技術(shù)，同時也有對現(xiàn)有高壓交流輸電線路的增容改造技術(shù)，如升壓改造、復(fù)導(dǎo)增容改造、交流輸電線路改為直流輸電技術(shù)等。直流輸電，對于提高現(xiàn)有傳輸系統(tǒng)

5、的傳輸能力，挖掘現(xiàn)有設(shè)備潛力，具有十分重要的現(xiàn)實意義，實施起來可收到事半功倍的效果。（一）經(jīng)濟性三大特性突出節(jié)能效果從經(jīng)濟方面看，直流輸電有以下三個主要優(yōu)點：首先，線路造價低，節(jié)省電纜費用。直流輸電只需兩根導(dǎo)線，采用大地或海水作回路只用一根導(dǎo)線，能夠節(jié)省大量線路投資，因此電纜費用省得多。其次，運行電能損耗小，傳輸節(jié)能效果顯著。直流輸電導(dǎo)線根數(shù)少，電阻發(fā)熱損耗小，沒有感抗和容抗的無功損耗，且傳輸功率的增加使單位損耗降低，大大提高了電力傳輸中的節(jié)能效果。最后，線路走廊窄，征地費省。以同級500千伏電壓為例，直流線路走廊寬僅40米，對于數(shù)百千米或數(shù)千千米的輸電線路來說，其節(jié)約的土地量是很可觀的。除了

6、經(jīng)濟性，直流輸電的技術(shù)性也可圈可點。直流輸電調(diào)節(jié)速度快，運行可靠。在正常情況下能保證穩(wěn)定輸出，在事故情況下可實現(xiàn)緊急支援，因為直流輸電可通過可控硅換流器快速調(diào)整功率、實現(xiàn)潮流翻轉(zhuǎn)。此外，直流輸電線路無電容充電電流，電壓分布平穩(wěn)，負載大小不發(fā)生電壓異常不需并聯(lián)電抗。（二）提升空間大功率電力電子器件將改善直流輸電性能直流輸電最核心的技術(shù)集中于換流站設(shè)備，換流站實現(xiàn)了直流輸電工程中直流和交流相互能量轉(zhuǎn)換，除在交流場具有交流變電站相同的設(shè)備外，還有以下特有設(shè)備：換流閥、控制保護系統(tǒng)、換流變壓器、交流濾波器和無功補償設(shè)備、直流濾波器、平波電抗器以及直流場設(shè)備，而換流閥是換流站中的核心設(shè)備，其主要功能是進

7、行交直流轉(zhuǎn)換，從最初的汞弧閥發(fā)展到現(xiàn)在的電控和光控晶閘管閥。晶閘管用于高壓直流輸電已有很長的歷史。近10多年來，可關(guān)斷的晶閘管、絕緣門極雙極性三極管等大功率電子器件的開斷能力不斷提高，新的大功率電力電子器件的研究開發(fā)和應(yīng)用，將進一步改善新一代的直流輸電性能、大幅度簡化設(shè)備、減少換流站的占地、降低造價。參考文獻1 向家壩-上海±800kV特高壓直流輸電示范工程簡介 中國電力企業(yè)聯(lián)合會2011-12-272 ABB參與建造全球最長的高壓直流輸電線路Introduction of high voltage direct currentAbstract: High voltage

8、direct current transmission technology is used to transmit electric energy through overhead lines and submarine cable. At the same time, it can be used in the connection between independent power system. High voltage direct current transmission technology has been developed, which has been developed

9、, such as DC transmission technology, flexible AC transmission technology, frequency dividing transmission technology and so on. Made, the complex conductivity of the capacity of the transformation, the AC transmission line to the DC transmission technology.Key words: High Voltage Direct Current Tra

10、nsmission Technology; Economy; Energy Saving1. IntroductionHVDC technology is used by overhead lines and submarine cables to long-distance transmission of electricity; at the same time in connection with some not suitable for traditional communication occasions, it has also been used to join the ind

11、ependent power system. The world's first commercial HVDC transmission line in 1954 was born in Sweden, Sweden used to connect local and Gotland and by ASEA (ASEA, the ABB group).2. FunctionIn a HVDC system, the electric power from a derived three-phase AC power grid, in the converter is converte

12、d into DC, through overhead line or cable is transmitted to the receiving point; on the other side of the converter DC into AC, AC power into DC transmission receiver. The rated power is generally greater than 100 MW, many in the 1000-3000 MW.High voltage direct current transmission is used for long

13、 distance or over - distance transmission, because it is more economical than the traditional AC transmissionHigh voltage direct current transmission system, power level and direction can be quickly and accurately controlled, this kind of performance can improve the performance and efficiency of AC

14、power grid connected by it, and direct current transmission system has been widely used.HVDC transmission is three-phase AC converter will through rectifier into DC, and then through the DC transmission lines to another transmission mode into the AC inverter three-phase converter. It basically consi

15、sts of two converter stations and DC transmission line, AC system two converter stations and both ends of the link.DC transmission cost is lower than the AC transmission line but the cost is much higher than the converter station AC substation. The general overhead lines that more than 600-800km, mo

16、re than 40-60km HVDC cable line is AC power economy. With the high voltage and large capacity thyristor control and protection technology development, commutation equipment cost gradually reduce DC transmission in recent years has developed rapidly. In Gezhouba Dam, a Shanghai 1100km, + 500kV, HVDC

17、transmission capacity, has been completed and put into operation. In addition, a total length of more than 2000 kilometers of the Xiangjiaba Shanghai HVDC project has been completed, to 20 10 years into operation in July 8th, the line is currently (as of the beginning of 2011) the world's longes

18、t high voltage DC transmission project.3. Energy saving exploration editoSince the last century 80's, the development of electric power transmission technology has been improved, and the method of improving transmission capacity has emerged. It has high and new technology, such as DC transmissio

19、n technology, flexible AC transmission technology, frequency dividing transmission technology and other high technology.(1) three economic characteristics of the outstanding energy-saving effectFrom the economic perspective, the DC transmission has the following three major advantages:The first line

20、 of low cost, saving the cost of cable. The DC transmission only two wires, by land or sea water as a loop of wire line, can save a lot of investment, so the cost of cable so much.Secondly, the operation of power transmission loss, energy-saving effect is remarkable. The DC transmission line less ro

21、ot number, heat resistance loss, reactive power loss is not inductive and capacity, and increase the transmission power of the unit loss is reduced, greatly improving the energy saving effect of power transmission.Finally, a narrow corridor, to the land acquisition costs. 500 thousand volt DC line a

22、s an example, the corridor is only 40 meters wide, transmission line for hundreds of kilometers or several thousand meters, saving the amount of land is very considerable.In addition to the economic, technology also has much of the DC transmission. DC speed regulation, reliable operation to ensure s

23、table output. Under normal circumstances, in the case of accident can implement emergency support, because the HVDC converter can quickly adjust the power through the silicon controlled change, the trend reversed. In addition, DC transmission line the capacitor charging current, voltage distribution

24、 stable, load size had no abnormal voltage without parallel reactance.(2) improving the space high power electronic devices will improve the performance of the DC transmission The core of the DC transmission technology in converter station equipment, converter realizes the DC transmission project of

25、 DC and AC power conversion equipment in addition to each other, have the same AC Substation in communication field, and the following special equipment: valve, control system, converter transformer, AC filter and reactive power compensation equipment, DC filter the flat wave reactor, and DC equipment, while the converter valve is the core equipment in conve