定語(yǔ)從句教案(高三復(fù)習(xí))

1、什么是定語(yǔ)?定語(yǔ)是對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的單詞、短語(yǔ)或句子，漢語(yǔ)中常用“的” 表示。單詞作定語(yǔ)一般前置，句子或短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)則必須后置句子作定語(yǔ)則叫定語(yǔ)從句a blue seaa h定語(yǔ)從句的位置：1.緊跟在先行詞的后面：You must do everythi ng that I do.I have found the book which I lost.I visited the school where I studied2.定語(yǔ)從句后移/分隔式定語(yǔ)從句He laughs best who laughs last.He is the only one of the teachers w

2、hocomes from Qin gdao.3. as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可前移As you all kno w,the earth is round定語(yǔ)從句Join the follow ing senten ces:1. A pla ne is a machi ne. The machi ne can fly.A pla ne is a machi ne that /which can fly.關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指,that/which代指先行詞machine2. The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.The girl who /that we s

3、aw yesterday is mary.關(guān)系代詞實(shí)際上是先行詞的復(fù)指，who/that代指先行詞the girl1. The car which my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake.2. This is the city where I was bor n.定義：修飾名詞或代詞的從句。先行詞：被定語(yǔ)從句修飾的詞關(guān)系詞/連接詞：連接主句和定語(yǔ)從句的連詞。引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞， 中充當(dāng)成分。關(guān)系代詞(作主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ)/表語(yǔ)):1.who/whom(that)2.which(that)3.that不能放在介詞的后面4.who

4、se=of which或of whom5.as關(guān)系副詞(作狀語(yǔ)) :1.where=介詞+ which2.when=介詞+ which3.why=for+which4.way的特殊用法the wayhe lives. that he lives.in which he lives關(guān)系詞的作用:1)連接；2)代替先行詞；3)在定從中作成分。一、關(guān)系代詞1. The number of people _ lost homes reached as many as 250,000.A. who B. which C. where D. when1. who作定從的主語(yǔ)/賓語(yǔ) 指人作主語(yǔ)時(shí)不可省略 指

5、代先行詞2. The boy _ we saw yesterday was Johns brother.A. whom B. / C. which D. when2. whom作定從的賓語(yǔ)定要在從句指人可省略指代先行詞3. Spielberg won a prize for a short film _ he made.A. which B. who C. / D. where3. which作定從的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物作賓語(yǔ)可省略指代先行詞4. Its about a big shark_ attacks swimmers _ are spending theirholidays in a sma

6、ll village.A. where B. who C. that D. which E./4. that作定從的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)指物或人作賓語(yǔ)可省略指代先行詞5. Spielberg, _ mother was a music teacher, was born in 1946.A. who B. which C. whose D. that5. whose作定從的定語(yǔ) 指物或人不可省略 指代先行詞=sbs/sthsI once lived in a house_ was broke n.A. whose roof B. which roofC. of which the roofD. the

7、roof of which5. whose+n=of which/whom the +n =the +n+of which/whomHer pare nts dont want to marry their daughter to a man_poor她父母不想把女兒嫁給一個(gè)家境貧窮的男人關(guān)系副詞和定語(yǔ)從句）我仍然記得這天。（2）在這天我來(lái)到這里。I still remember the day. I came here on the day_=on which=whe nI still remember the day whe n/on which I came here里的）那天。1. D

8、o you know the date_ Lincoln was born?A. which B. on whichC. whe n D. where1. whe n作定從的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)指時(shí)間,在從句中表示在.時(shí)間=in/on.+which先行詞為時(shí)間名詞（1）就是這所房子。（2）我去年在這所房子住過(guò)。This is the house . I lived in the house last year.This is the house where/i n which I lived last year.的）房子。2. The farm_ we picked cott on was 90 kilo

9、meters away.A. whe n B. where C. why D. on whichis我仍然記得（我來(lái)到這就是這所（我去年住過(guò)2. where作定從的地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)指地點(diǎn),在從句中表示”在地點(diǎn)=in/on+可巾先行詞為地點(diǎn)名詞（situati on, bus in ess, case, point,surroundings,environment,scene等為地點(diǎn)概念的名詞）1）他給了一個(gè)原因（2）因?yàn)檫@個(gè)原因人們喜歡音樂(lè)。He gave a reason. people like musicfor the reason_He gave a reas on why/for which

10、 people like music3. I dont know the reas on_ he looks un happy.A. that B. why C. for which D. /3. why作定從的原因狀語(yǔ)指原因，在從句中表示”因?yàn)樵?for which先行詞為reasonI disapprove the reas ons_ he came up with.A. that B. why C. for which D. /因此先行詞雖然為reason,但如果連接詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，則只能用that/which4.以way為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句問(wèn)題。I dont like the

11、 way_ he talked to his mother.I dont like the way_ he chose to do it.A. that B. in which C. / D. howWay（方式，方法）1.連接詞如果在從句中作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，用that或者in which略。2.連接詞如果在從句作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用that或which關(guān)系代詞的用法關(guān)系代詞在從句中可以:且可以指人指物主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)hathichhohom何時(shí)可以省略？做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略解題方法和技巧1.首先是確定關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作什么成分。若是作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)，則 在關(guān)系代詞中選擇。若是作狀語(yǔ)，則在關(guān)系副詞中選擇。2.

12、其次是看先行詞是人還是物；是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)還是reaso n,way。1. She looked at Jeff_ was wav ing his arms.2. The girl_ leg was broke n in the earthquake was take n to hospital.3. And there she saw a wall of water_was quickly advancing towardsher.A. who B. that C. whose D. which1、判斷關(guān)系詞在定從中的成分是關(guān)鍵；2、再看先行詞。定語(yǔ)從句使用中的特殊情況一、只能用that的情況：

13、1.先行詞既有物又有人時(shí)。He spoke of the pers ons and thi ngs that he had see n abroad.2.先行詞是something,anything, all, nothing等不定代詞時(shí)。Is there anything that I can do for you?3當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí)或者被，all,the very,the on ly,the just飾時(shí)。This is the best film that I have ever seen.二、不用that的情況：1.介詞后禁用關(guān)系詞thatoI heard of t

14、he man, about whom he talked.2.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。She was late aga in, which made me un happy.三，介詞+關(guān)系代詞的問(wèn)題。介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況1Are these two senten ces right?The man who/whom you spoke was a scie ntist.The city that/which she lives is far away.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況2The man whom you spoke was a scie ntist.The city which she lives

15、 is far away.介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況3Join the following sentencesHe lives in a Ion ely village. At the back of it is a hill.He lives in a lovely village, at the back of_ is a hill.He has three sisters. All of them are abroad.He has three sisters,all of_ are abroad3.固定動(dòng)詞或介詞短語(yǔ)搭配介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況下面兩句中的介詞能提前嗎？Is this the w

16、atch that you are look ing for?_The old man whom I am looking after is better介詞+關(guān)系代詞的情況練習(xí)Do you like the book2. Do you like the book3. Do you like the book4. Do you like the book5. He built a telescopeshe spent $10?she paid $10?she lear ned a lot?she ofte n talks?6. There is a tall tree outside,_ r

17、teacher.7. China has a lot of rivers, the sec ond Ion gest_is the Yellow River.8. The tower_people can have a good viewis on the hill.9. The man_I spoke on the phone last nightis very good at wrestl ing.10. He paid the boy $10 for washi ng ten win dows,most_ hadnt been cleaned for at least a year.關(guān)系

18、副詞實(shí)際上是介詞+先行詞I still remember the day when I came here.on the day =on which=whenThis is the house where I lived last year.in the house=in which=whereThere are many reasons why people like traveli ng.for which=for the reas ons =why在固定短語(yǔ)中介詞不能提前_ he could study the skies.I dont likethe way that you spea

19、k.in the way =that=in which介詞+關(guān)系代詞的問(wèn)題。1.of which/whom結(jié)構(gòu)很多時(shí)候表示 其中Class 14 has 75 stude nts, of whom 35 stude nts are girls.=35 stude nts of whom are girls.2. whe n/why/where很多時(shí)候可轉(zhuǎn)換為介詞+關(guān)系代詞。This is the house where I live.Every one knows the reas on why he succeeded.I remember the day when I visited th

20、e temple.On her birthday, she received from her pare nts a nice prese nt_ a notewas a ttached,_“We love you so much”.A. that, say ing B. to which, say ingC. to which, said D. i n which, said幾種易混的情況1.1never forget the days_ we worked together.4.1 went to the place_ I visited ten years ago.5._ This is

21、 the reason he was late.6._This is the reasonhe gave.非限制性定語(yǔ)從句2.1ll never forget the dayswespent together.3.I went to the placeI worked ten years ago.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的連接詞who/whom/ whose/ which/where/when /why/as來(lái)引導(dǎo)，不能用that1。which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句：此時(shí)無(wú)論它在從句中充當(dāng)什么成分它都不能省約，也不能換為that1)和主句之間的關(guān)系不密切，只起附加說(shuō)明作用：We all like

22、the book,which was writte n by LuXun.2)用來(lái)代替整個(gè)先行分句的內(nèi)容。這時(shí)它所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后:Bush was elected preside nt aga in, which made Jim very sad.二.as弓I導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句1. as具有正如之意，與之搭配的動(dòng)詞是固定的，如：as you know/ see/pla nn ed/as we expected/un dersta nd/thi nk/ believe也可以將它們用于被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)中：as is known /see n/pla nn ed/expectedThe

23、earth is round._ is known toall.The earth is round,_ isknown to all._is known to all, the earth isround._is known to all_ theearth is round._is known to all is_ theearth is round.2. as弓I導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，用于下列固定句型中1) .This is such an in terest ing book_we all like.2) .This is so in terest ing a book_ we all

24、 like.This is such an in terest ing book_ we all like it._This is so in teresti ng a book_ we all like it._這本書如此有趣，大家都喜歡。（結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句）3）This is the same book_ I have.3. as和which弓I導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：1. which引導(dǎo)的從句只能放于逗號(hào)后面。2. as引導(dǎo)的從句可前可后，常用于as is said above（如上所述）,as we know（我們都知道）,as is well known, as is often th

25、e case（正如往常一樣），as isreported, as we expect等結(jié)構(gòu)中，as含有 正如，正像之意。四.限定性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別：1限定性定語(yǔ)從句用于修飾和限定先行詞，與先行詞之間的關(guān)系非常密切。它所修飾 的詞代表一個(gè)（些）或一類特定的人或東西。如果刪去，則剩下的部分意思就會(huì)含糊 不清。如：This is the man who gave me the money.這就是給我錢的那個(gè)人。上句如刪去從句who gave me the money，貝V成了This is the man.（這是那個(gè)人。）完全失去了整個(gè)句子的意思，因而不能刪掉2非限定性定語(yǔ)從句，在意

26、義上，它是先行詞的一個(gè)附加修飾語(yǔ)，是對(duì)先行詞的進(jìn)一 步說(shuō)明。如果刪去它，不影響整個(gè)句子的基本意思。如：Wang Dong,who is in the room,wants to ask you some questions王東，他在房間里，想問(wèn)你幾個(gè)問(wèn)題。上述主句是Wang Dong wants to ask you some questions，如果刪去從句（who is in the room），并不影響整個(gè)句子基本意思的表達(dá)。3另外，在意思上，有時(shí)限定性和非限定性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別還是較大的。如：In their class,there are fifteen students who can speak English well.在他們班上有十五位英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好的學(xué)生。（可以看出他們班學(xué)生要多于十五位）In their class,there are fifteen s