直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)用法及練習(xí)(含答案)

1、直接引語(yǔ)和間接引語(yǔ)直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，人稱(chēng)代詞要根據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)述人的立場(chǎng)作相應(yīng)變動(dòng)。人稱(chēng)代詞的變動(dòng)情況要根據(jù)語(yǔ)境及轉(zhuǎn)述人的不同作相應(yīng)變化，一般情況下，與漢語(yǔ)中的變化相同?？捎涀∫粋€(gè)口訣：一主、二賓、三不變 b即第一人稱(chēng)按照主句中的主語(yǔ)變化，第二人稱(chēng)按照主句中的賓語(yǔ)變化，第三人稱(chēng)一般不需要變化。例如： 1) He said, lam glad to see you. II He said that he was glad to see me.2) Dyou know the man over there? Miry said to Tom.t Mary asked Tom if he knew th

2、e man over there.3) Jim said to me, Jandeft her schoolbag at home.IIt Jim told me that Jane had left her schoolbag at home.2、時(shí)態(tài)的變化(1)主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)過(guò)去完成時(shí)(不變)一般將來(lái)時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)般將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)進(jìn)行時(shí)一般將來(lái)完成時(shí)過(guò)去將來(lái)完成時(shí)如主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般過(guò)去時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在時(shí)態(tài)方面要作相應(yīng)的變化。直接引語(yǔ)改為間接引

3、語(yǔ)時(shí)，動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)相應(yīng)變化表：He said, -usually watch TV on Sunday.他說(shuō)： 我常在星期天看電視。t He said that he usually watched TV on Su nday.他說(shuō)他常在星期天看電視。He said, m usi ng the kn ife. 他說(shuō)： 我正在用小刀。IIt He said that he was usi ng the kn ife. 他說(shuō)他正在用小刀。She said, have not heard from him si nee May.她說(shuō)：I從五月份來(lái)我就沒(méi)有收到他的來(lái)信。IIt She said that

4、she had not heard from him si nee May.她說(shuō)自從五月份以來(lái)她就沒(méi)收到他的來(lái)信。He said , came to help you. 他說(shuō)： 我來(lái)幫助你。IIt He said that he had come to help me.他說(shuō)他來(lái)幫助我。注意：直接引語(yǔ)如果是客觀真理、名人名言、與一個(gè)具體的過(guò)去時(shí)間連用說(shuō)明客觀事實(shí)時(shí)，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)不變。The teacher said,訐he earth is round.I老師說(shuō)：地球是圓的。IItThe teacher said that the earth isround.老師說(shuō)地球是圓的。(2 )主

5、句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)(3)如果主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)或?qū)?lái)時(shí)，直接引語(yǔ)變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，時(shí)態(tài)一律不變He says, Hfinished the work.他說(shuō)： 我做完工作了。IIHe says that he fini shed the work.他說(shuō)他做完工作了。He will say, 十have watered the flowers. 他會(huì)說(shuō)： 我己經(jīng)澆花了。IIHe will say he has watered the flowers.他會(huì)說(shuō)他己經(jīng)澆花了。3、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)的相應(yīng)變化直接引語(yǔ)間接引語(yǔ)指示代詞this/thesethat/those時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)no

6、w then todaythat dayths)week (mon th)the)week (month)beforetoni ghtthat ni ghtthis week (month Yesterdaythe day before last week (monthtwo weeks (mon th)agotwo weeks (mon ths)beforetomorrowthe next dayn ext week (monthth® next week (month)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ) herethere動(dòng) 詞 come-goBring-takeHe said, -My sister w

7、as here three days ago.I他說(shuō)： 十三天前我妹妹在這兒。IIt He said that his sister had bee n there three days before.他說(shuō)三天前他妹妹在那兒。(here t there; ago t before)She said,十 will come here this evening.她說(shuō)：十今晚我將來(lái)這兒。IIt She said that she would go there that evening.她說(shuō)那晚她將去那兒。(come tgo ； here t there ; this t that )以上這些變化，要

8、根據(jù)說(shuō)話的具體時(shí)間和具體地點(diǎn)的情況而定，不可機(jī)械照搬。 如果就在當(dāng)?shù)剞D(zhuǎn)述，here就不必改為there, come也不必改為go,如果就在當(dāng)天轉(zhuǎn) 述，yesterday或tomorrow等時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)也不必改變。二、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)是陳述句時(shí)，間接引語(yǔ)用that引導(dǎo)，但在口語(yǔ)中that可以省去。從句中的人稱(chēng)、時(shí)態(tài)、指示代詞、時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)等要作相應(yīng)的變化。例如： She said to me, -Icame back an hour ago. IItShe said to/told me that she had come back an hour before.三、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是一

9、般疑問(wèn)句、選擇疑問(wèn)句、反意疑問(wèn)句時(shí)1疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序變?yōu)殛愂鼍湔Z(yǔ)序。2、 主句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為said時(shí)，要改為asked ;沒(méi)有間接賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可以加一個(gè)間接賓語(yǔ)(女口 me， him 等)。3、句末用句號(hào)。4、從句中的人稱(chēng)、動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)和狀語(yǔ)等也要作相應(yīng)的變化。5、 原句若為一般疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述; He said, Areyou interested inEnglish? IIt He asked (me) if /whether I was in terested in En glish.6 .原句若為選擇疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用whether orMot： orI asked him, Wiy

10、ou stay at home or go to a film toni ght?IIt i asked him whether he would stay at home or go to a film that ni ght.7.原句若為反意疑問(wèn)句，則常用whether或if轉(zhuǎn)述。 You' vedready got well, haven'tyou? II she asked tShe asked (me) whether/if I had already got well.四、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)如果直接引語(yǔ)是特殊疑問(wèn)句，改為間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)，仍用原句中的wh-類(lèi)的詞引導(dǎo)

11、，其余的變化同直接引語(yǔ)為一般疑問(wèn)句的情況25條一樣。例如： Whats your name? he asked me. t He asked me what my name was.He asked: Whereare you to get off, Peter? IIt He asked Peter where he was to get off.如果在直接引語(yǔ)的特殊疑問(wèn)句中，疑問(wèn)詞作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)的修飾語(yǔ)，則語(yǔ)序不需要變化。例如： Whosqoicture is the most beautiful in yourclass? asked the boy 'father.tThe bo

12、y'sfather asked him whose picture was the most beautiful in his class.五、當(dāng)直接引語(yǔ)是祈使句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)為祈使句，變?yōu)殚g接引語(yǔ)可用如下的結(jié)構(gòu)語(yǔ)+asked sb. (not) to do sth. I。1需將原祈使句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞變成不定式。如果祈使句為否定句，則用不定式的否定形式，即在不定式前加 not。2、原主句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞 said須改為asked , told或ordered等含有祈使意義的能帶賓補(bǔ)的及物動(dòng)詞。ask sb. (not) to do sth.表示客氣)tell sb. (not) to do sth.(

13、命令性強(qiáng)于上面)order sb. (n ot) to do sth.(命令性最強(qiáng))例如：He said, Don make so much noise. t Hb told us not to make so much noise.3、原句有一please寸，主句謂語(yǔ)多用 asked (請(qǐng)求)，并去掉 please。例如：He said to me, Shuthe window, please. tHe asked me to shut the window.4如果以let開(kāi)頭的祈使句表示勸告或建議，可用一sugges+ that從句或一suggestloingII來(lái)轉(zhuǎn)述。例如： Let g

14、Otothe cinema. Tom said. Tom suggested going to the cinema.t Tom suggested that they should go to the cin ema.六、直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句時(shí)直接引語(yǔ)是感嘆句變間接引語(yǔ)時(shí)仍可用what或how引導(dǎo)，詞序不變，也可用 that引導(dǎo),將句子變成相應(yīng)的名詞性從句。例如：She said, Whata lovely day it is! TShe said what a lovely day it was.t She said that it was a lovely day.He askedfor t

15、he computer.did I pay how much B. I paid how much C. how much did I pay D. how much I paid2. Havyou seen the film ? Ihe asked me. t He asked me.A. had I seen the film B. have I seen the filmC. if I have seen the film D. whether I had seen the film3. Pleasclose the win dow, hellsaid to me. t Hemethe

16、win dow.A. said to; to close B. told to; clos ing C. asked to close D. said to; please close4. Iam a teacher, Jadk said. t He said.A. that I am a teacher B. I was a teacher C. that he is a teacher D. he was a teacher5. He said, Mother,the boy is very n aughty. THe - very n aughty.A. said his mother

17、that the boy was B. said to his mother that the boy isC. told his mother that the boy was D. spoke to his mother that the boy was You already got well, haven you? she asked.t She asked.A. if I have already got well, had n ' you B. whether I had already got wellC. have I already got well D. had I

18、 already got well.He asked ,Are you a Party member or a League member? IIt He asked me.A. am I a Party member or a League memberB. was I a Party member or a League memberC. if I was a Party member or a League memberD. whether was I a Party member or a League member.He asked, Howre you gettingalong?

19、T|He asked.A. how am I gett ing along B. how are you getti ng alongC. how I was gett ing along D. how was I gett ing along9. He asked mewith me.A. what the matter is B. what the mater wasC. what ' thsmatter D. what was the matterHe said, Don do that aga in. Hellmethat aga in.A. said to me; not t

20、o do B. said to me; don ' doC. told me; don ' doD. told me; not to do11. He askedfor the violi n.A. did I pay how much B. I paid how muchC. how much did I pay D. how much I paid12. Can you make surethe gold ring?A. where Alice has put B. where had Alice putC. where Alice had put D. where has

21、 Alice put13. These photos will show you .what does our village look like B. what our village looks likeC. how our village look like D. how our village looks likeYou can 'imtagine when they received these nice Christmas presents. A.how they were excited B. how excited they wereC. how excited wer

22、e they D. they were how excited she said suggested that she hadn 'detcided to go or not. A. What, if B. That, whether C. What, whether D. What, whichever16. I 'alslk my parents .A. whether they will agree to go B. if they let me goC. if they will let me go D. whether they allow me to17. -Do

23、you mind if Jim will come to help?-I reallydon 'kntow a person like him can help me with.A. what B. that C. how D. ifHe asked me if .the train will late B. the train always arrived lateC. the train arrives on time D. the train stops hereIt is said in the book that Thomas Edison (1847-1931) the w

24、orldleading inventor for sixty years.A. would be B. has been C. had been D. was20. -Sorry to have interrupted you. Please go on. -Where was I?-You you didn 'likteyour fatherj'obs.A. had saidB. said C. were sayingD. had been saying31. He asked me I would go to Beijing by air the next day.A. that if B. if C. that whether D. how32. Joyce, pleasedon 'opten the window.Pardon?I o p e n the window.A. tell you don 'tB. tell you not to C. told yo