(質(zhì)量保證)形容詞和副詞

1、專(zhuān)題七 形容詞和副詞形容詞：說(shuō)明或修飾名詞和代詞，表示人或事物性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)、特征副詞：修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或全句1 形容詞 ·作用1） 作定語(yǔ)【拓】1.只做定語(yǔ)不做表語(yǔ)的形容詞：only very total specific chief exact main wooden woolen golen medical elder outer upper former2.只做表語(yǔ)或后置定語(yǔ)不做前置定語(yǔ)的形容詞：well ill gald sorry sure content afraid alike alive alone apart ashame asleep2） 作表語(yǔ)3） 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)M

2、any students find English idioms hard to learn.They married young.The classroom is kept tidy. 4） 作狀語(yǔ)The little girl kept sitting at the street corner, (又冷又餓）We arrived home very late, (安然無(wú)恙）5） 作主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)The + true ,good,beattiful,bad,ugly,old,rich表一類(lèi)人或事用復(fù)數(shù) ，其他用單數(shù)The beautiful -(be)not always the good.Th

3、e old-(be）respested in China.【拓】部分形容詞可做名詞，作介詞的賓語(yǔ)。No one knows for sure what really happened.大體上特別，尤其至少每況愈下，越來(lái)越糟簡(jiǎn)言之徒勞的簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)·位置1） 單個(gè)形容詞的位置：多數(shù)放在所修飾的名詞前，但表語(yǔ)形容詞alive afraid awake alone asleep在名詞后He is the mose famous scientisrt alive in the world today.Money alone cantt bring happoness2） 形容詞修飾不定代詞3） en

4、ough+n=n+enoughadj/adv+enoughThe problem is easy enough for me to solve.4) 用and或or連接的形容詞短語(yǔ)修飾名詞要后置 All people young and old are against the plan.【拓】前置與后置意義區(qū)別the present members the members presentthe responsible person the person responsiblethe concerned parents the problems concerned表語(yǔ)與定語(yǔ)意義區(qū)別be cert

5、ain that a certain applebe ill ill effectsbe worthy of worthy cirizens【拓】可以作副詞修飾形容詞的形容詞：dark red light bule icy/freezing cold表示情感的表語(yǔ)形容詞后可接不定式 be+glad/happy.pleased/sorrry,sad/sure/kind/ready/afraid/able/easy/difficult+to do sth 【基礎(chǔ)】主語(yǔ)是人或者用來(lái)修飾人時(shí)用-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞； 主語(yǔ)是物或者用來(lái)修飾物時(shí)用-ing結(jié)尾的形容詞； interesting與interes

6、ted, exciting與excited,pleasant與pleased,boring與bored, moving與moved,tiring與tired,fascinating與fascinated,surprising與surprised二 副詞·作用1） 作狀語(yǔ)Knowledge is weightless ,a treasure you can carry easilyBungee jumping is very attractive to younger generationNeither Tom nor Susan can swim very wellThe arrow

7、 hit the apple right in the middleThe football player must be well past thirtyShortly after you ldft mKate phoned youNearly everyone came to the partyFortunately ,I was in time for the interview2） 作表語(yǔ)Jack is abroadClass is overI must be off now 3） 作定語(yǔ)(主要為表示時(shí)間地點(diǎn)的副詞，后置定語(yǔ)：here therer up below downstair

8、s now then)Life here is full of joyThe pictures below were taken by Canada.4） 做介詞短語(yǔ)Who is calling me from downstairs?5） 作補(bǔ)語(yǔ)Please let us inKeep the first on for a few minutes【拓】評(píng)注型副詞（修飾整個(gè)句子）常在句首，表示情感、方式、 判斷l(xiāng)uckily unfortunately personally honestly naturally generally unexpectedly obviously actually

9、definitely possibly eventually·分類(lèi)時(shí)間副詞地點(diǎn)副詞方式副詞程度副詞關(guān)系副詞疑問(wèn)副詞連接副詞其他副詞·構(gòu)成1） 本身即為副詞rather how2） 與形容詞同行的副詞：early late high wode deep3） 形容詞+ly:slowly clearly4） 一些形容詞本身即可作副詞，加ly后也為副詞，但意義不同late latelyclose closelydeep deeplyfair fairlyhard hardlyhigh highlywide widelyfree freely【基礎(chǔ)】形容詞變副詞的法則: 1.一般情況

10、下直接加ly; 2. 以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的形容詞要變y為i,然后再加-ly; 3.以u(píng)e結(jié)尾的,去e再加-ly; 以le結(jié)尾的，去e再加-y;其它以e結(jié)尾的一律加ly. busy angry easy true terrible gentle happy heavy loud real quick possible wise polite full careful glad nice slow hopeful quiet beautiful 【拓】aim highdie hardspeak loud speak loudlysleep roughtell sb flattake things

11、easyplay fairlive roughdo wrongdo sb wrongway too much位置1） 副詞+形容詞 副詞+副詞2） 時(shí)間頻率副詞助be情后，實(shí)義動(dòng)詞前3） 時(shí)間副詞地點(diǎn)副詞常放在句首或句尾，同時(shí)出現(xiàn)時(shí) 先地點(diǎn)后時(shí)間3 形容詞副詞的級(jí)·構(gòu)成1）以er,ow,ble,ple,y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞和單音節(jié)詞：一般在詞尾直接加er或est; 以不發(fā)音的e結(jié)尾的, 在詞尾加r或st;以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，先把y變?yōu)閕，再加er或est; .以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，且末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母的，雙寫(xiě)末尾的輔音字母，再加er/est. pretty shallow 2） 末尾不

12、是以er,ow,ble,ple,y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞和所有多音節(jié)詞直接在單詞前加more/most; 3） 以-ly結(jié)尾的副詞和以-ing/-ed結(jié)尾的形容詞直接在單詞前加more/most; 4)good/well-better-best many/much-more/most little-less-least bad/badly/ill-worse-worst far-farther/further-farthest/furthest old-older/elder-oldest/eldest ·原級(jí)1. 可以用quite,very,so,too,enough修飾原級(jí)；2. 2.

13、as+原級(jí)+as 3. not+as/so+原級(jí)+as 4.甲是乙的幾倍(甲+is+倍數(shù)+asas+乙) This bridge is three times as long as that one. Your room is twice as large as mine.【高中】asas結(jié)構(gòu)，若加入名詞，可放在結(jié)構(gòu)中或結(jié)構(gòu)前I cant drink as sweet coffee as this=I cant drink this·最高級(jí)1.A>B用比較級(jí)+than； 2. much,far,even,a little,a lot,a bit,a great deal,sli

14、ghtly,any ,by far, somewhat,still,常用于比較級(jí)之前； 3.Which/Who+比較級(jí)，A or B? 5.甲+be+the+比較級(jí)(+n)+of the two(名詞或代詞）（甲是兩者中較的） She is the more cautious of the two sisters.6.甲+be+比較級(jí)+than+any other+單數(shù)名詞（甲比其它的任何一個(gè)都） 7.倍數(shù)+比較級(jí)+than(表示幾倍于) This classroom is two times bigger than that one. 8.比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí)（越來(lái)越） a.單音節(jié)詞和以e

15、r,ow,ble,ple,y結(jié)尾的雙音節(jié)詞:比較級(jí)+and+比較級(jí) b.部分雙音節(jié)詞和多音節(jié)詞：more and more+多音節(jié)詞原形 9. the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)（越，就越）10. less+原級(jí)+than 不如 This test is less difficult than the last one【拓】no+比較級(jí) 與 not+ 比較級(jí)no more than=onlynot more than=at mostno less than=as much as有之多not less than=not fewer than不少于，也許不止no+比較級(jí)+than 相反含義John i

16、s not wiser than TomJohn is no wiser than Tom·最高級(jí)1. 句中出現(xiàn)3個(gè)比較對(duì)象時(shí)，用最高級(jí)； 副詞前the可省，常有of all,of the three,that I have ever seen標(biāo)志 2. much, by far, nearly, almost, yet,ever修飾3.形容詞最高級(jí)前一般要加the，但若最高級(jí)前出現(xiàn)了形容詞性物主代詞或名詞所有格形式，則不再用the. 4.Which/Who+is+the+最高級(jí)，甲、乙or丙？ 5.表示最之一，要用“one of+the+形容詞最高級(jí)+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+表示范圍的介詞短語(yǔ)”

17、 6.序數(shù)詞后的形容詞一般要用最高級(jí)(表示第幾最) The Yellow River is the second longest river in China. 【高中】比較級(jí)形式表達(dá)最高級(jí)概念比較級(jí)+than+any other+單名 all the other +復(fù)名 anyone/anything else any of the other +復(fù)名China is larger than any country in Europe【高中】否定詞+比較級(jí)Noting is more precious than healthYour performance couldnt have been

18、 better.一、how long, how soon, how often的比較 how long是問(wèn)某個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)了多久，用“(for+)時(shí)間段”來(lái)回答； how soon是問(wèn)某個(gè)動(dòng)詞要過(guò)多久之后才發(fā)生或結(jié)束，用“in+時(shí)間段”來(lái)回答；how often是問(wèn)某個(gè)動(dòng)作每隔多久發(fā)生一次，或者一個(gè)單位時(shí)間里發(fā)生次數(shù)的多少，用“次數(shù)(如once, twice)單位時(shí)間(如a day, a month)”或usually, sometimes等來(lái)回答。如： How _ can you finish the drawing? (全國(guó)卷) A. often B. soon C. long D. r

19、apid 【分析】答案選B。句意是：過(guò)多久以后你才能畫(huà)完？ 二、no longer / more, not anylonger / more的比較 表示時(shí)間上的“不再”，no more通常放在句末，且一般只與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞go, come, see, return等連用，一般不用于系表結(jié)構(gòu)中；no longer(一般位于行為動(dòng)詞之前或者be動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后)和更口語(yǔ)化的notany longer / more既可與延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用也可與非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞連用。如： 1. Will you give this message to Mr White, please? Sorry, I cant.

20、 He _. (全國(guó)卷) A. doesnt any more work here B. doesnt any longer her work C. doesnt work any more here D. doesnt work here any longer 【分析】答案選D。any longer / more要位于句末。 2. Excuse me, is this Mr Browns office? Im sorry, but Mr Brown _ works here. He left about three months ago. (全國(guó)卷) A. not now B. no mor

21、e C. not still D. no longer 【分析】答案選D。在行為動(dòng)詞前要用no longer。 注：涉及到數(shù)量時(shí)用no more。如：There is no more bread on the plate. (盤(pán)子里沒(méi)有面包了。) no more還可表示“也不”，相當(dāng)于neither或nor。如：He couldnt lift the table and no more could I. 他拿不動(dòng)那張桌子，我也拿不動(dòng)。 三、三、fairly, quite, rather, pretty的比較 rather一般表示不合意，有時(shí)也可表示合意的；fairly表示令人滿(mǎn)意的；prett

22、y與very意思接近，可表示合意或不合意。值得注意的是： 1. 與too或比較級(jí)連用只能用rather，如rather colder(有點(diǎn)冷), rather too large(稍大一點(diǎn))，但quite better(好多了)是個(gè)例外； 2. quite和rather可位于冠詞前，其它兩個(gè)則不能； 3. 表示“完全，十分(=completely)”時(shí)要用quite。如quite agree(完全同意)，但不說(shuō)quite disagree。 四、much too, too much的比較 much too就是too的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)，用來(lái)修飾形容詞或副詞，意為“太”；too much就是much的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)

23、，用來(lái)修飾不可數(shù)名詞或動(dòng)詞(后面不接任何詞)，意為“太多()”。如： 1. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home. (全國(guó)卷) A. much too heavy B. too much heavy C. heavy too much D. too heavy much 【分析】答案選A。heavy是形容詞，應(yīng)用副詞too來(lái)修飾，而much too就是too的強(qiáng)勢(shì)語(yǔ)。 2. It was _ late to catch a bus after the party, therefore w

24、e called a taxi. (上海卷) A. too very B. much too C. too much D. far 【分析】答案選B。late是形容詞，用much too修飾。 五、nearly, almost的比較 在肯定句中或者dont, doesnt, didnt之前，兩者可互換，只是almost = very nearly。但是： 1. 在not, very, pretty之后用nearly，不用almost。(from ) 2. 在no, no one, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, never, any, too, impossib

25、le, think, believe, wish等前面用almost，而不用nearly。若是做選擇題，只要記住在not, very, pretty之后用nearly外，一般選almost。如： There isnt nearly enough time to lear n all these words. 把這些詞都學(xué)會(huì)，是間遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)不夠。 Almost no one believes her. 幾乎沒(méi)有人相信她。 六、so, that, such的比較 so是副詞，后面一定是接形容詞或副詞；在口語(yǔ)中，常用that來(lái)代替so；such是形容詞，后接“(形容詞+)名詞”，但在名詞有表示“多”“少”

26、的many, much, little, few時(shí)，要用so。如： 1. Can you believe that in _ a rich country there should be _ many poor people? (全國(guó)卷) A. such; such B. such, so C. so; so D. so; such 【分析】答案選B。名詞前用形容詞such，such a rich country =so rich a country；在many前要用so。 2. Sometimes it was a bit boring to work there because there

27、 wasnt always _ much to do. (廣東卷) A. such B. that C. more D. very 【分析】答案選B。much前用so, 不用such?？谡Z(yǔ)中，常用that來(lái)代替so。( ) 1. Now the air in our city is _ than it used to be. Something must be done to stop it.A. very good B. much better C. rather bad D. even worse( ) 2. We love to go to the country in spring a

28、s the flowers smell so . A. well B. nice C. wonderfully D. nicely( ) 3.Oh. Im hungry. Mum, can I have the hamburger on the plate?No. It tastes .A. terriblyB. terribleC. goodD. well( ) 4.What do you think of your English teacher?I love her. She is really . She always has a smile on her face.A. outgoi

29、ngB. funnyC. friendlyD. serious( ) 5.Tim, do you think time is money?Yes, but I think it is money.A. more important thanB. very important as C. the same asD. not important as( ) 6.Where did you go on holiday this summer？England？You are .We went on a 10-day tour to Paris.A. funny B. right C. cool D.

30、close( ) 7.I am really serious, for I cant find my backpack. A. worried B. angry C. disappointed( ) 8.We are not certain if it will be fine tomorrow. A. exact B. convincing C. sure( ) 9.It is not so _ as yesterday, so there are _ people sitting in the square.A. cold, fewer B. warm, more C. cold, mor

31、e( ) 10. -How about the dishes?-Fantastic! Nothing tastes _ .A. nice B. better C. terrible D. worse ( ) 11.Helen, can I wear jeans and a T-shirt to the evening party?OK. But a dress might be _ .A. good B. better C. bad D. worse( ) 12.-All of us are proud of the progress

32、 hes made during the past few years.-Yes, were sure he will be even _.A. successful  B. more successful C. most successful D. successfully ( ) 13. Dont do any other things while you are doing your homework. So please _ your MP3A. turn up B. turn

33、 down C. turn on D. turn off( ) 14. -Which of those radios sounds _?-The smallest one. A. good B. well C. better D. best( )1 5. My father told me a story last night. It is _ one Ive ever heard. A. the  funniest   B. funniest     C. funnier         D. the

34、funnier( ) 16. Tiananmen Square is one of _ squares in the world.A. large B. larger      C. largest       D. the largest( ) 17. Lee came to Beijing in 2005. He has been here _ than you.A. long B. longer       C. longest       D. the longest

35、 ( )1 8. -Hello! Golden Sun Hotel. Can I help you?-Do you have a room _ for this weekend? A. available B. useful  C. empty     D. possible( ) 19. -Are you feeling better today, dear?-No, even _A. well B. better C. bad D. worse ( ) 20.Relax_! _ you finish this English exam，you11 be fre

36、e and feel on top of the worldYou can make it if you put your heart into it! AAs well as BAs soon as CAs good as( ) 21.Humor(幽默感)is very important to human beingsWe can never have too much of itWithout humor，life would be_Adisappointed Bboring Cbored( ) 22.Taking buses in Beijing is _ than taking a

37、taxi.A. more cheap B. much cheaper C. a little cheap D. less cheaper( ) 23.The music in the supermarket sounded so_ that I wanted to leave at once. A. soft B. wonderful C. friendly D. noisy ( ) 24.We dont have much homework now and our school bags are _ they used to be.A. as heavy as B. not as heavy

38、 as C. as heavily as D. not as heavily as( ) 25.The world is becoming smaller and smaller because the Internet gets us _.A. less B. more C. closer D. farther( ) 26.I think English is _ math.Yes, I think so.A. much important than B. so important as C. as important as D. as more important as( ) 27.How

39、 _ the medicine tastes!-Yes. But the medicine will really work soon after you take it.A. terrible B. delicious C. sweet D. nice( )28.In Changsha, its hot in July, but its even _ in August. A. hot B. hotter C. hottest( ) 29.-Why dont you like pigs, Molly?-Because they are _ .A. cute B. ugly C. smart

40、D. friendly( ) 30.-Junk food is bad for our health. -Yes, the _ you eat, the healthier you will be.A. little B. few C. less D. more( ) 31.-Mum, could you buy me a dress like that?-Certainly, we can buy _ one than this, but _ this. A. a better; better than B. a worse; as good as C. a cheaper; as good

41、 as D. a more important; not as good as ( )32. The boy doesn't speak his sister, but his written work is very good. A. as well as B. so good as C. more better than D. more worse than( ) 33.She always does her homework _ than her brother.A. more careful B. careful C. more carefully D. carefully(

42、) 34.-How do you like banana milk shake? -I love it. I like it _ than yogurt.A. very much B. even better C. a little D. much less( ) 35.-You must be tired out after the climbing. -Oh, _ . I felt too tired to move.A. not a bit B. not a little C. not at all D. not nearly ( ) 36.If you are free at the

43、moment, please clean your bedroom yourself.A. at once B. right now C. right away( ) 37. -I didnt know you take a bus to school.-Oh, I _ take a bus, but it is snowing today.A. hardly B. never C. sometimes D. usually ( ) 38.The match was really fantastic, _ when Smith scored in the last minute.A. prob

44、ably B. exactly C. especially D. mostly( )39.Can you hear me?No, I cant. Would you please speak_?A. clearly enough B. clear enough C. enough clear D. enough clearly( )40.The question is _ that nobody can answer it.A. very hard B. too difficult C. strange enough D. so strange( ) 41.Can you understand

45、 what I meant?Sorry, I can_ follow you.A. always B. almost C. nearly D. hardly( )42. -How often do you go to a concert?-_ ever. Im not interested in that at all.A. Usually B. Hardly C. Almost( ) 43. I find this computer game _ to play.A. enough easy B. easy enough C. enough easily D. easily enough(

46、)44. Lets do it _ . There is only five minutes left. A. hardly   B. slowly     C. quickly         D. politely( )45. -Would you please drive _ ? My plane is taking off.-Id like to, but safety comes first.A. faster B. better       C. more carefull

47、y       D. more slowly ( )46-Miss Gao is very popular with her students.-Yes. Her classes are _ lively and interesting.A. seldom B. never C. sometimes  D. always ( ) 47.Mark speaks English well, but you_ himThank you. . A. speak as badly as B. speak worse than C. dont speak so ba

48、dly as D. speak much better than ( ) 48.John sings so well. Has he ever been trained? No. He learns all by himself. He_ goes to any training class. A. usually B. often C. never D. even ( ) 49.Was Henry late for the concert yesterday? No. He got there even ten minutes _ than us two.A. earlier B. earl

49、iest C. later D. latest( ) 50.Do you know anything about the players of our school football team?Yes. They are _ young boys between the age of thirteen and fifteen.A. most B. mostly C. almost D. at most( ) 51.Have you _ read the poem （詩(shī)歌）If? Yes. I really enjoy it.A. still B. ever C. yet D. never( )

50、52.Were you often late for school last term, Tom?No, _. I got to school early every day.A. Always B. Usually C. Sometimes D. Never( ) 53.-English is _ too difficult for me. I cant learn it well.-Dont give up. Nothing is difficult if you work hard.A. seldom B. never C. usually D. always( ) 54.-Do you know the word “risk”?-Sorry, I dont. Lets look it _ in the dictionary.A. up B. down C. over D. out( ) 55.-Steven is good at writing.-So he is. He writes _ than us.A. most carefully B. more carefully C. less carefully二、句子翻譯練習(xí)。1.We must study English harder_ （從現(xiàn)在起