初中英語(yǔ)介詞練習(xí)題及詳解

1、（一）正誤辨析1、誤We got to the top of themountainin daybreak.正We got to the top of themountainat day break.析at 用于具體時(shí)亥U之前，如： sunrise, midday, noon, sunset, midnight, night 。2、誤Don't sleep at daytime正Don't sleep in daytime.析in要用于較長(zhǎng)的一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，如： in the morning / afternoon, 或in the week / month / year. 或

2、in spring / supper /autumn / winter 等等。3、誤 We visited the old man in Sunday afternoon.正 We visited the old man on Sunday afternoon.析in the morning, in the afternoon如果在這兩個(gè)短語(yǔ)中加入任何修飾詞其前面的介詞者B要改為 on, 如：on a cold morning, on the morning of July 14th4、誤He became a writter at his twenties正He became a writt

3、er in his twenties析這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為：他在 20多歲時(shí)就成了作家。在某人的一段生活時(shí)間段中要用介詞in來(lái)表示，而在具體歲數(shù)時(shí)用at來(lái)表示。5、誤He went to New York to find a job in sixteen years old.正He went to New York to find a job at sixteen.析在具體年歲前用 at,如：at the age of 12 , at your age, 等等。6、誤We went to swim in the river in a very hot day.正We went to swim in t

4、he river on a very hot day.析具體某一天要用介詞 on,又如：on New Year's Day7、誤 I'm looking forward to seeing you on Christmas.正 I'm looking for ward to seeing you at Christmas.析在節(jié)日的當(dāng)天用on,而全部節(jié)日期間用at,Christmas是圣誕節(jié)期間，一般要有兩周或更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間。8、誤 I haven't see you during the summer holidays.正 I haven't seen y

5、ou since the beginning of the summer holidays.析during表示在某一段時(shí)間之內(nèi)，所以一般不與完成時(shí)搭配，如： I visited a lot of museums during the holiday. 而 for 表示 一段時(shí)間， 可以用于完成時(shí)，如：I haven't see you fora long time.而through用來(lái)表示時(shí)間時(shí)則為"整整，全部的時(shí)間"。如：It rained through the night.而since則是表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的起始時(shí)間，一般要與完成時(shí)連用。9、誤 At enterin

6、g the classroom, I heard the good news.正 On entering the classroom, I heard the good news.析 On加動(dòng)名詞表示"一就"。本句的譯文應(yīng)是：我一進(jìn)入教室就聽(tīng)見(jiàn)這個(gè)好消息 了。又如：on hearing一聽(tīng)見(jiàn)，on arrival 一到達(dá)就 （oril示動(dòng)作的名詞）10、誤In the beginning of the book, there are some interesting stories.正At the beginning of the book, there are some

7、interesting stories.析at the begining與at the end都是指某事物的開(kāi)始與結(jié)束部分，均不指時(shí)間范圍， 而in the beginning則是指開(kāi)始一段時(shí)間。in the end = at last是指"最終，終于"之意。 11、誤Till the end of next week. I will have finished this work.正By the end of next week. I will have finished this work.析by引起的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)表示了動(dòng)作的截止點(diǎn)，其意思為"不遲于某一時(shí)刻將工作

8、做完",所以主句一般是完成時(shí)態(tài)。當(dāng)然可以有將來(lái)時(shí)態(tài)，如： I'll be there by five o'clock.而till則 表達(dá)其一動(dòng)作一直持續(xù)到某一時(shí)刻，但句中的動(dòng)詞一定要用持續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而瞬間的截止性動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用其否定句式，如： I won't finish this work till(until) next weekend.12、誤 He came to London before last weekend.正 He had come to London before last weekend.正 He came to London two week

9、s ago.析before 一般要與完成時(shí)連用，而 ago則與一般過(guò)去時(shí)連用。13、誤I have studied English for three years gince I had come here.正I have studied English for three years since I came here.析since用來(lái)表達(dá)主句動(dòng)作的開(kāi)始時(shí)間，所以其引出的從句中應(yīng)為過(guò)去時(shí)，而不能 用完成時(shí)態(tài)14、誤I can help you repair this bike. You will get it after two hours.正I can help you repair th

10、is bike. You will get it in two hours.析中文經(jīng)常講兩小時(shí)之后來(lái)取，兩天內(nèi)會(huì)修好，而這個(gè)介詞在英文中要用in而不要用 after。其原因有二，after 多用于過(guò)去時(shí)，如：I arrived in New York. After three days,I found a job in the bank.旭H怖el表達(dá)一個(gè)不確定的時(shí)間范圍，如：after three days,即三天之后的哪一天都可以。所以在許諾若干時(shí)間內(nèi)會(huì)完成某事時(shí)，一定要用介詞in。15、誤 Three days after he died.正 After three days he di

11、ed.正 Three days later he died.析after與later都可以用來(lái)表達(dá)一段時(shí)間之后，但它們所處的位置不同，after在時(shí)間詞前，而later在時(shí)間詞后。16、誤 She hid herself after the tree.正 She hid herself behind the tree.析after多用來(lái)表達(dá)某動(dòng)作之后，所以有的語(yǔ)法書(shū)中稱(chēng)它為動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，如：I run afterhim. After finishing my homework, I went to see a film. 而 behind 貝U多用于靜態(tài)事物之后。 17、誤 There is a

12、beautiful bird on the tree.正 There is a beautiful bird in the tree.析 樹(shù)上長(zhǎng)出的果實(shí)，樹(shù)葉要用on,而其他外來(lái)的人、物體均要用 in the tree.18、誤 Shanghai is on the east of China.正 Shanghai is in the east of China.析 在表達(dá)地理位置時(shí)有 3個(gè)介詞：in, on, to。 in表示在某范圍之內(nèi)；on表示與某 地區(qū)接壤；to則表示不相接。如： Japan is to the east of China.19、誤I arrived at New Yo

13、rk on July 2nd.正I arrived in New York on July 2nd.析at用來(lái)表達(dá)較小的地方，而in用來(lái)表達(dá)較大的地方。at常用于at the school gate,at home, at a bus stop, at the station, at the cinema, at a small village 。20、誤He lived in No. 3 Beijing Road.正He lived at No. 3 Beijing Road.析 在門(mén)牌號(hào)碼前要用at,并要注意它的慣用法：at the end of the street, at the fo

14、ot ofthe mountain, at the top of the page 。21、誤 There is a colour TV set at the corner of the hall.正 There is a colour TV set in the corner of the hall.析 在屋內(nèi)的角落應(yīng)用 in,而墻的外角用 at,如：There is a tree at the corner of thestreet.22、誤This weekend I'll stay in Uncle Wang's.正This weekend I'll stay

15、at Uncle Wang's.析要注意英文的特殊表達(dá)法，如： at a tailor's shop （裁縫店）=at a tailor's, at thedoctor's （去看?。゛t the bookseller's （在書(shū)店）at uncle Wang's （在王叔叔家） 23、誤Do you know there is some good news on today's newspaper正Do you know there is some good news in today's newspaper析在報(bào)紙上的新聞要用

16、in,而在具體某一版上，或某一頁(yè)上則要用on。24、誤 The school will begin on September 1st.正 School will begin on September 1st.析 這里的school應(yīng)看作不可數(shù)名詞泛指學(xué)校的課程，即開(kāi)學(xué)之意。要注意，有些 活動(dòng)場(chǎng)所當(dāng)表達(dá)正在從事該種活動(dòng)時(shí)不要加冠詞，如：at table （吃飯），When I came to Tom'shome, they were at table. 還有：at desk （學(xué)習(xí)），at work （工作）at school （上學(xué)），in hospital（住醫(yī)院）at church

17、作禮拜如加上定冠詞則另有他意，如：at the school即在學(xué)校工作或辦事，in the hospital即在醫(yī)院工作或去看望病人。25、誤 In my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.正 On my way to the station, I bought a newspaper to kill time.析譯文為：在去車(chē)站的路上我買(mǎi)了份報(bào)紙，為的是消磨時(shí)光”在的路上”應(yīng)用on one's way 。而 in the way 有擋道之意，如： Please move the chair it is in

18、the way。26、誤Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into.正Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke in.正Look, the door is open, Maybe someone broke into theoffice.析in是表達(dá)一個(gè)靜止?fàn)顟B(tài)，在與break連用時(shí)其后不加介詞賓語(yǔ)，而into則是動(dòng)態(tài)介詞，與break連用時(shí)要加介詞賓語(yǔ)。27、誤 I'll leave Beijing to Shanghai tomorrow.正 I'll leave Beiji

19、ng for Shanghai.正I'll leave for Shanghai.析leave for是離開(kāi)某地去某處的固定搭配，不可將for改為別的介詞。這樣的搭配還有：start for 動(dòng)身前往某處，set out for, sail for。28、誤I'm sorry. I have to get out the bus at next stop.正I'm sorry. I have to get out of the bus at next stop.析get in,與get out是兩個(gè)相反的詞組。get in為上車(chē)，而get out為下車(chē)，但語(yǔ)法 家認(rèn)為這

20、里的in與out為副詞，所以其后不能接名詞，我們可以講We'd better get in.或We'd better get out. 還有組詞組有關(guān)上下車(chē)： get on/off（a train, a ship, a struck） get into / out of （a car, taxi ）29、誤Be careful The temperature of the water is ninety degrees over zero.正Be careful. The temperature of the water is ninety degrees above zero

21、.析over與above在作為比某物高的意思時(shí)有時(shí)可以互換。但在垂直方向上的高矮時(shí)，即正上方時(shí)則要用above.而泛指上方時(shí)用 over.30、誤There is an old stone bridge above the river.正There is an old stone bridge over the river.析over還有一意為"跨越，橫跨”。31、誤The Dead Sea is under the sea level.正The Dead Sea is below the sea level.析在垂直下方要用below.也就是講above與below互為反意詞，ov

22、er與under也是反意詞。32、誤There is a big tree in the front of the house.正There is a big tree in front of the house.析in front of是在物體外部的前面，而in the front of是在物體內(nèi)部的前面，如：Thedriver sits in the front of the bus.33、誤It took them two days to walk across the forest.正It took them two days to walk through the forest.析a

23、cross作為介詞有兩個(gè)主要意思： 橫過(guò)，如：I want t o walk across the street.對(duì)面， 如：There is a post office across the street,而 through 多用于三維空間中的穿越。across則多用于平面上的橫過(guò)。如： The little girl ran across the room to meet her mother. 34、誤 The sun sets toward the west.正 The sun sets in the west.析towards也可用作toward ,它主要表達(dá)朝向某方向運(yùn)動(dòng)，但不一定

24、到達(dá)，如： He ran toward(s) the mountain.而在表示方位 east, west, north, south 時(shí)，其前面要用 in。要注意 的是這4個(gè)詞可以用作副詞，如：I went south.也可用作名詞，如：I went to the south.也可 用作形容詞，如：I went to the south part of China.35、誤Do you have no other clothes except those正Do you have no other clothes besides those析 beside 是"在 旁邊"，

25、如：The students stood beside their teachers.而 besides 是 "除之外，不僅 而且；除了 以外還有心 如：I studied English besides French,when I was in college. 而except則是從同一類(lèi)物體中去掉某一部分，如： I come here every day except Sunday.而 except for 是指去掉不同種類(lèi)的事物，如： The room is clean except for two chairs.而 except that 則要加從句。36、誤Can I wr

26、ite the exampaper with ink正Can I write the exampaper with a pen正Can I write the exampaper in ink37、誤I'm earlier today. I came here by his car.正 I'm earlier today. I came here in his car.析在交通工具前加介詞by,但不能再有任何指示代詞或冠詞，否則要改換相應(yīng)的介詞。by taxi=in a taxi by train=in a train by bicycle=on a bicycle by sh

27、ip=on a ship by boat=in a boat by bus=on a bus by plane=on a plane by air空運(yùn) by land陸運(yùn) by sea海運(yùn) on foot on horseback by phone by letter by radio by air mail by hand38、誤A lot of French wines are made of grape.正A lot of French wines are made from grape.析made of是指由原材料到成品過(guò)程中原材料未發(fā)生質(zhì)地的變化，而發(fā)生了某種變化貝U要用 from,

28、如：The desk was made of hard wood.39、誤 This is a good dictionary in English grammar.正 This is a good dictionary on English grammar.析關(guān)于某方面的書(shū)籍、報(bào)告等有兩個(gè)介詞，其中 on表示某專(zhuān)業(yè)用書(shū)，about則為某方面的普通讀物，如： This is a book about physics.即物理科普知識(shí)。40、誤Do you have the key of the door.正Do you have the key to the door.析 key to the

29、door 的鑰匙。 相同用法還有 answer to the question, entrance to the highway, danger to health.千萬(wàn)不要用 of。41、誤Today a lot of Chinese people have interest of collecting stamps.正Today a lot of Chinese people have interest in collecting stamps.析 have interest in是在某方面有興趣。42、誤I didn't do my homework, so the teache

30、r was angry to me.正I didn't do my homework, so the teacher was angry with me.析 be angry with 其后接人， 而 be angry at 其后接事。 如：He was angry at what she said. 43、誤 He was good for skating.正 He was good at skating.析 be good at為"擅長(zhǎng)某事"，而be good for somebody為對(duì)某人很好。44、誤It was good to you to help m

31、y little boy.正It was good of you to help my little boy.析這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為：你真太好了，幫助了我的小孩。而 be good to somebody是對(duì)某人態(tài)度好。如：Her mother is good to everyone.45、誤 My parents were very pleased at me.正 My parents were very pleased with me.正 My parents were very pleased at my studying.析 be pleased with 后力口 somebody, 而 be

32、 pleased at 后力口 something。46、誤Heis agree with me.正Heagrees with me.47、誤Heagainsts me.正Heis against me.析 同意agree為動(dòng)詞，而反對(duì) against則為介詞。在使用中一定要注意。48、誤 I haven't heard letters from him.正 I haven't heard from him.析hear from即為：從某人處得到信件。不要再加letter 了。49、誤 Teacher. May I call at you this weekend正 Teach

33、er. May I call on you this weekend析作為"拜訪(fǎng)"講 call at 其后接地點(diǎn)，如： May I call at your home this weekend 而 callon其后接人。50、誤Do you know the girl on white正Do you know the girl in white析in white為穿一身白。與 in有關(guān)的詞組有：in bed（睡覺(jué)），in hospital（住院），in a hurry（匆匆忙忙），in danger（危險(xiǎn)中）,in joy （高興），in good health（身體好），

34、in love（戀愛(ài)），in trouble（困境），與之相反的是 out of,如：out of trouble （擺脫困境），out of date（過(guò)時(shí)了），out of order（出故障）51、誤 He looked at me at surprise.正 He looked at me in surprise.析 surprise 的用法般有三種。 用于句首，To one's surprise,如：To my surprise hesucceeded. be surprised at如：I was surprised at the news. 設(shè)于句尾 in surpris

35、e.52、誤She didn't come to school because of she was ill.正She didn't come to school because she was ill.析 because of 后接名詞，如： The game was put off because of the rain.（三）例題解析1 - Thank you the beautiful flowers!-Not at all.A in B on C at D for答案1 D.析由于某事向某人道謝應(yīng)用for。2 Can you answer this question

36、English A by B in C with D from答案1 B.析 in 表示用語(yǔ)言、聲音、或材料，如： He answered the question in a low voice.3 Look the map China the wall, please. A after, of, in B at, of, inC after, in, on D at, of, on答案1 D.析look at為"看"，而on the wall為"在墻表面掛著",而in the wall則是"在墻內(nèi)"，如： There is hole

37、 in the wall.墻上有個(gè)洞。4 - When did Mr Green arrive in London-He arrived there the evening of December 6th.A at B in C on D to答案1 C.析in the evening / afternoon 這兩個(gè)詞組不論是在其前或后加上任何修飾詞都應(yīng)將介詞 換為 on,如：on a cold morning, on a spring morning 等。5 We won the relay race. And there was a big smile our teacher's

38、face.A off B near C on D between答案1 C.6 The twins got on well their classmates.A to B in C with Dabout答案1 C.析get on well with與人相處很好。7 - Please remember to come to my birthday party.-I see. I'll come Saturday evening.A in B at C on D for答案1 C.8 Let's hurry , or we'll be late schoolA to B

39、at C with D for答案1 D.析 be late for, 而 come late to , 如： Don't come late to school9 They will have a maths test two daysA for B at C in D after答案1 C.析 三天之內(nèi)應(yīng)用in,而不要受中文影響用after, after three days是個(gè)不定的時(shí)間范圍，即沒(méi)有一個(gè)準(zhǔn)確的時(shí)間。5天、6天、10天全是after three days。10 My brother joined the army A1989, March Bin March , 1

40、989CMarch ,1989 D1989, in March答案1 B.析在月份、年、前用介詞 in,而日子前用on。11 He couldn't work out the maths problem your helpA without B under C for D with答案1 A.析在某人幫助下應(yīng)用 with , 如：With the help of the teacher I passed the exam easily而要是沒(méi)有你的幫助則用without your help12 Granny took one look at us her glassesA by B t

41、hrough C on D in答案1 B.析 through 為穿過(guò)o13 We had our breakfast a quarter sevenA /, to Bin, to C at, to D on, to答案1 C.析具體時(shí)間點(diǎn)前用at,而差幾分幾點(diǎn)用to,這里應(yīng)譯為：我在差一刻七點(diǎn)吃的早飯。14 I learn French the radio every dayA on B in C from D at答案1 A.析從收音機(jī)中聽(tīng)到某事應(yīng)用詞組on the radio。15 It's good manners to wait lineA in B on C at D wi

42、th答案1 A.析in line為排隊(duì)。16 How many English words had you learnt last term Aby the end of Bat the end ofCto the end of Dtill the end of答案1 A.析by the end of為動(dòng)作的截止時(shí)間，與完成時(shí)態(tài)相配合17 The manager was very satisfied his work A in B on C about D with答案1 D.析be satisfied with 為固定搭配。18 John hit Jack faceA on the B in

43、 the C on his D in his答案1 B.析英文中的某些動(dòng)詞其后要接人，然后加介詞+ the+身體部位，如：He caught the boyby the arm。19 I was born the night September 15, 1978A in, on B at, on C at, in D on, of 答案1 D.析在時(shí)間前加介詞時(shí)應(yīng)以最小的時(shí)間單位為準(zhǔn)。20 It's a bad manner to laugh people when they are troubleA over, in B at, in C in, at D at, for答案1 B.

44、析laugh at嘲笑某人，laugh over笑著談?wù)撃橙嘶蚰呈?，in trouble陷入困境。21 I can't do this work well Tom's help A under B for C without D from答案1 C.22 Don't shout the old woman 。 You should be more polite herA to, at B at, to C in, for D from , for答案1 B.析 shout at為"沖某人喊叫"，而 be polite to somebody 為&qu

45、ot;對(duì)某人和氣。"23 We must be strict our selves everythingA with , in B in, with C with , to D to, of答案1 A.析 be strict with 對(duì)某人嚴(yán)格要求。24 He went to the football match lunch last Sunday A to B without C behind D between答案1 B.析without lunch 未吃午飯。25 The people's Republic of China was founded 1949A with B on C since D in答案1 D.析在年代前用in。因句子是過(guò)去時(shí)而不是完成時(shí)，所以不能用 since。26 Mr Black got to Hangzhou a few days A in B after C on D at答案1 B.析 這句話(huà)應(yīng)譯為：幾天之后 Mr Black到達(dá)了杭州。而不是在幾天之內(nèi)一定要做完 某事，所以選Bo27 - Has the teacher given you any advi