人教版新目標八年級上冊-英語語法知識及練習

1、人教版新目標八年級上冊英語語法知識點精講+練習(一)一般將來時一般將來時表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或者存在的狀態(tài)。通常與表示將來的時間狀語連用，如tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, next year, next month, next week, in 100 years 等。be going to do (動詞原形)結(jié)構(gòu)：表示打算、準備做的事情或者肯定要發(fā)生的事情。如：It is going to rain.will do結(jié)構(gòu)表示將來的用法：1 .表布預(yù)見Do you think it will rain?You will feel better afte

2、r a good rest.2 .表示意圖I will borrow a book from our school library tomorrow.What will she do tomorrow?基本構(gòu)成如下：一般疑問句構(gòu)成：(1) will+ 主語 +do ？ Will Sarah come to visit me next Sunday?(2) there be 結(jié)構(gòu)的一般疑問句：Will there + be ？Will there be fewer trees? Yes, there will. / No, there won' t否定句構(gòu)成： will + not (w

3、on' )t +doSarah won ' t come to visit me next Sunday.特殊疑問句構(gòu)成：特殊疑問詞+ will +主語+？ What will Sarah do next Sunday?根據(jù)例句，用will改寫下列各句例：I don ' t feel well today .(be better tomorrow )I ' ll be better tomorrow1. Gina has six classes today. (have a lot of homework tonight )2. I ' m tired

4、now( sleep later)3. My parents need a new car. (buy one soon)4. We can ' t leave right now( leave a little later)5. The weather is awful today.(be better tomorrow )答案：1. She' ll have a lot of homework tonight.2. I ' ll sleep later.3. They ' ll buy one soon.4. We ' ll leave a litt

5、le later.5. Maybe it ' ll be better tomorrow.(二)should 的用法：should用來提出建議和忠告，后邊加動詞原形，否定句直接在 should后邊加not.例如：I think you should eat less junk food.我認為你應(yīng)該少吃垃圾食品。She drives a lot and she seldom walks. So I think she should walk a lot.她經(jīng)常開車，很少走路。所以我認為她應(yīng)該多走路。Students shouldn ' t spend too much time

6、 playing compgateres.學生們不應(yīng)當花太多的時間玩計算機游戲。學習向別人提建議的幾種句式：(1) I think you should (2) Well, you could (3) Maybe you should (4) Why don' t you ?(5) What about doing sth.?(6) You' d better do sth.用 should 或 shouldn '填空1. I can ' t sleepnthht before exams.You take a warm shower before you go

7、 to bed.2. Good friends argue each other.3. There is little milk in the glass. We buy some.4. They didn ' t invite you? Maybe you be friendlier.5. I am a little bit overweight. So I think I do exercises every day.答案：1. should 2. shouldn ' t3. should 4. should 5. should(三)過去進行時過去進行時表示過去某一點時間正

8、在進行的動作或者過去某一段時間內(nèi)一直進行的動作。1 .構(gòu)成 was /were + doing ,例如：I was watching TV at 9 o ' clock last nightat 9 o ' clock last nigh時間點They were playing football all afternoon.all afternoon是時間段2 .過去進行時的標志詞at 8 o ' clock last night, this time yesterday 例如：I was having lunch at home this time yesterday

9、.昨天的這個時候我正在吃午飯。At that time she was writing a book.那陣子她在寫一本書。(表示她在那段時間里一直在做那件事情。)練習用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. This time yesterday I(read) books.2. At 9 o ' clock last Sunday they have) a party.3. When I (come) into the classroom, she(read) a storybook.4. She( play) computer games while her mother(cook)

10、yesterday afternoon.5. I(have) a shower when you (call) me yesterday.答案：1. was reading 2. were having 3. came; was reading 4. was playing; was cooking 5. was having; called(四)間接引語形成步驟：(1)不要逗號，冒號，引號(2)要考慮到人稱的變化(人稱的變化與漢語是一致的)(3)要考慮時態(tài)的變化(4)要考慮時間狀語、地點狀語和語示代詞的變化。1 .直接引語變成間接引語時，幾個主要時態(tài)的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語一般現(xiàn)在時一般過

11、去時一般將來時過去將來時現(xiàn)在進行時過去進行時2 .直接引語變成間接引語時，一些詞匯的變化規(guī)律直接引語間接引語1. am / is1. was2. are2. were3. have / has3. had4. will4. would5. can5. could6. may6. might練一練用括號中所給動詞的適當形式填空。1. She said I (be) hard-working.2. Peter told me he (be) bored yesterday.3. She said she(go) swimming last Sunday.4. Bobby said he (may)

12、 call me later.5. Antonio told me he (read) a book then.答案：1. was 2. was 3. went 4. might 5. was reading 請轉(zhuǎn)述他人說的話：1. I go to the beach every Saturday. (Tom)2. I can speak three languages. (Lucy )3. I will call you tomorrow. (Mike )4. I ' m having a surprise party for Lana. she)(五)if引導的條件狀語從句結(jié)構(gòu)：i

13、f+一般現(xiàn)在時，主語+將來 含義：如果，將要例如：If you ask him, he will help you. 如果你請求他，他會幫助你。If need be, we ' ll woright. 如果需要，我們就干個通宵。 練一練根據(jù)中文提示，完成句子。1 .如果你參加聚會，你將會過得很開心。If you the party, you.2 .如果明天下雨，我們將不去野餐。If it tomorrow, we.3 .如果你經(jīng)常聽英文歌，你將會喜歡英語的。If you often, you.答案：1. If you go to the party, you will have a g

14、ood time2. If it rains tomorrow, we won' t go to the picnic3. If you often listen to English songs, you' ll like English二.完形填空特點及解題思路（一）題型分類與特點完形填空試題是在給出的一篇短文中有目的地拿掉若干個詞，留下一些空格，要求考生借助短文保留的部分，從 所給的短文整體出發(fā)，在正確理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，根據(jù)句子和句子間的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系、詞的用法和習慣搭配等，用適 當?shù)脑~或詞語填空，使補全后的短文意思通順、前后連貫、結(jié)構(gòu)完整。這種題型測試的內(nèi)容從形式上看是單

15、詞或短語 的填空，但它必須注意到短文中上、下文意思連貫、詞語搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)正確，所以在空格上所填的詞必須符合語義 適用和語法正確兩條原則，只考慮某一側(cè)面都可能導致錯誤。中考中完形填空試題的基本題型分兩類：完形填空選擇 題和完形填空題。1 .完形填空選擇題：該題型的特點是將一篇短文中若干詞語抽掉留下空格，對每一空格提供若干個選擇項，要求考 生通讀短文后，在理解短文意思的基礎(chǔ)上，運用所學的詞匯、句型、語法等語言知識，從所提供的備選項中選出一個最佳答案，使短文內(nèi)容完整正確。中考完形填空主要以這種題型為主。它所給的短文一般與初中英語教材難易程度相當，字數(shù)在150200個單詞之內(nèi)，多數(shù)設(shè)置10個左右空格

16、，所設(shè)考點涉及詞匯、語法及對短文內(nèi)容的理解。短文的第一句一般不設(shè)空，以期提供一個語境，對每一空格設(shè)置的選項基本都屬于相同或?qū)Φ鹊脑~類，給判定選擇帶來一定 的干擾，側(cè)重考查了考生準確運用詞匯的能力及對短文的整體理解和邏輯推理能力。2 .選詞填空題：該題型的特點是把抽出的詞打亂順序，不按原文順序排列，放在短文前面或后面的方框內(nèi)，有時還 增加幾個文外的詞，要求考生從中選出適當?shù)脑~以正確的形式填入短文空格內(nèi)。（A）Jack wanted to ask for two days off, 1 he had only learnt the phrase （短語） “have a day off” . He

17、 2 , then he had an idea. aGrandmother is ill. May I have a day off, 3 ? ”he asked the teacher. "Of course, you can. " replied （答 復）the teacher at once. After a while, the boy came to 4 at the teacher ' s doorMay I have a day off 5 ? ” The teacher was very surprised, "Didn ' t

18、 you 6 it just now? ” "Yes, sir. But I can ' t beThereeither. " The teacher understood him and could not help 8 . Then he said with a smile, “Why didn ' t you sayMay I have two days off? '"The boy answered quickly _9_ a loud voice.“But you only10_ us ' have a day off!&

19、#39;"()1. A. butB. andC. orD.for()2. A. thought hardlyB. thought hard and hardC. hard thought D. thought and thought()3. A. MissB. sirC. teacherD.Mr()4. A. strikeB. bestC. hitD.knock()5. A. alsoB. againC. tooD.once()6. A. speakB. tellC. sayD.do()7. A. tomorrowB. the day after tomorrow C. yester

20、dayD. the day before yesterday()8. A. laughB. to laughC. laughedD. laughing()9. A. withB. onC. inD.by()10. A. teachB. taughtC. are teachingD.were teaching（B）請根據(jù)內(nèi)容從所給的15個單詞中選出最恰當?shù)?0個填入空白處，使短文完整，有些詞要根據(jù)需要作適當?shù)脑~形變化。than, so, tell, us, them, report, beause, love, composition, understand, to, that, much, f

21、or, whatA generation gap (代溝) has become a serious problem. I read a(1) about it in the newspaper. Some children have killed (2) after quarrels (爭吵) with parents. I think this is (3) they don ' t have a good talk with each other. Parents now spend(4) time in the office. (5) they don ' t have

22、 much time to stay with their children. As time passes, they both feel (6) they don ' t have the same to河話題)to talk about. I want to parents to be more with your children, get to know them and understand them. And for children, show your feeling ( 8) your parents. They are the people who ( 9) yo

23、u. So tell them your thoughts (想法).In this way, you can have a better (10) of each other.實戰(zhàn)操練(答題時間：80分鐘)一.選擇填空。()1. Beijing won the chances the 2008 Olympics.A. to hostB. hostC. hostingD. hosted()2. Tiger Woods can make billions dollars a year.A. forB. with C. ofD. on()3. You looked so beautiful at

24、the party.A. No, I don' t think so B. Of course C. Thank you very muchD. No, I ' m not beautiful()4. The text is very easy for you. There are new words in it.A. a fewB. a littleC. fewD. little()5. In the bookshop, a reader asked the shopkeeper " Who Moved My cheese " was an interes

25、ting book.A. thatB. whatC. howD. if()6. In our English study reading is more interesting than speaking, I think.一I don ' t agree. Speaking is reading.A. as important as B. so important as C. the more importantD. the most important()7. If he harder, he ' ll catch up with us.A. workB. worksC.

26、workedD. will work()8. The manager that the business would be worse after the stock (股票)went down.A. talkedB. toldC. saidD. spoke()9. We should keep in the reading-room.A. quiet B. quietly C. quite D. quickly()10. I think everything goes on well. .A. So I doB. I do so C. So do I D. So is I()11. If y

27、ou want to watch TV, you may turn.A. down B. it on C. on it D. it off()12. I ' m sorry I haven ' t got any money. I ' ve my handbag at home.A. missedB. left C. put D. forgotten()13. He is listening to the music she is washing clothes.A. afterB. beforeC. thatD. while()14. It takes time to

28、 go to Beijing by plane than by train.A. moreB. fewerC. longerD. less()15. Excuse me. Have you got an eraser?一Sorry, I haven ' t. Why you ask Mary? Perhaps she' s got one.A. doB. don ' t C. didD. didn ' t二.選擇恰當?shù)拇鹫Z。1. What were you doing when the UFO landed?2. Will people use paper mo

29、ney in the future?3. I can ' t sleep, what should I do?4. If I wear jeans to school, what will happen?5. What did your father say?A. Your teacher won t let you in.B. He said I couldn ' t stay out late.C. I was doing my homework.D. No, they won ' t. Everyonie have a credit cardE. You shou

30、ld listen to some relaxing music.三.根據(jù)漢語提示填空：1 .不知道該怎么辦，你能給我點建議嗎？I don ' t know to do, can you give me some?2 .外星人正在買紀念品的時候，我給警察打了個電話。While the alien was a souvenir, I the police.3 .我放學回家的路上，看見一只貓從窗戶里跑了出來。On my way home from school, I saw a cat get a window.4 .我不想在電話里跟你談?wù)撨@件事情。I don ' t want t

31、o talk it with you the phone.5 .我們要在周五晚上為約翰舉辦一個驚喜的晚會。We are going to have a party for John Friday evening.四.完形填空：把下面五個句子放在文章中的恰當位置，使文章完整。Three men went up in a balloon (氣球).They started early in London. The headman was Ted, and the other two men were Davy and Emilio. 1 Soon they heard the sea. They

32、were carrying the usual rope 華南子),and it was hanging down from the basket of the balloon. At the end of the rope they had tied a metal box. This could hold water, or it could be empty. So 2It was for use over the sea. They were also carrying some bags of sand.After the sun rose, the balloon went hig

33、her. It went up to 3,000 metres, and-3 The water in the balloon became ice.Snow fell past the men ' s basket, and they could see more snow on the ground., but it was hard. They tried to break the icy sand with their knives, but it was not easy. The work was slow and they were still falling, so t

34、hey had to drop some whole bags of sand. One of them fell on an icy lake and made a black hole in the ice.At last they pulled the box into the basket. It was still snowing; so 5 . They rose to 5,100 metres! Everything became icy. They were so cold that they decided to land. They came down in Poland

35、heavily but safely. They had travelled 1,797 kilometres from London!A. The men tried to throw out some more sandB. they were able to change its weight(重量)C. They had a big balloon and they were ready for a long way.D. they climbed to get away from the snowE. the air there was very cold五.閱讀理解(A)Einst

36、ein Was Waiting for His FriendOnce Einstein was waiting for one of his friends on a bridge. He was thinking a oblem. While he was waiting, it began to rain. The rain kept on for some time. When Einstein took out a piece of paper from his pocket to write something down, the paper was wet and then he

37、knew that it was raining. His clothes had become wet. But after he put the paper into his pocket, he forgot he was standing in the rain again.Many scientists are not careful with their lives. This is because they are too careful with their studies.1. What did Einstein do? He was.A. a doctor B. a tea

38、cher C. a scientist2. Why was Einstein on a bridge.A. Because he was writing something on the bridge.B. Because he was waiting for a friend.C. Because he was thinking.3. It rained.A. sometimes B. for some time C. for a long time4. Einstein and began to write something on it.A. bought a piece of pape

39、r.B. took a piece of paper from his car.C. took out a piece of paper from his pocket.5. Which is true?A. Einstein was careful with his work.B. Einstein was careful with his clothes.C. Einstein was careful with his friends.(8)生活中總會有許多意外事故發(fā)生，懂得急救或自救是非常重要的。請閱讀下面材料，根據(jù)1-5小題所描述的救護方法，從A-G七幅圖中找出與題意相應(yīng)的圖畫(本題共

40、有七幅圖，你只能選五幅圖，多選不給分。)1. If the person has stopped breathing, you must try to start his / her breathing at once. The best thing is to use the mouth-to-mouth way. Lay the person on his / her back and breathe into his / her mouth.2. If the person is bleeding (流血)badly, you must try to stop the bleeding.

41、 Press on the bleeding point with a piece of clean cloth and hold up the part of the body which is bleeding.3. If you are bitten (cut by teeth) by an animal, wash the cut under cold running water. Cover the broken part, if there is any, with a piece of clean cloth. Then see a doctor as soon as possi

42、ble.4. If you are burnt (hurt by fire or something very hot ), cool the burnt part at once. Run cool (not cold ) water over the burn until it is less painful. Then put a piece of dry clean cloth over the burnt part.5. If there is a fire, never use a lift in the building, because it' s very dange

43、rous. The lift maUset trappithe stairs and leave the building at once. .5.D.Here are some pictures to choose.,L六.寫作:（從下列2封來信中選擇一封寫回信。）Dear friend,There will be a party this weekend. All my friends are invited to the party except me. I am angry. A nd I don ' t know why they didn ' t in

44、vite me! What do you think? Can you help me?UpsetDear friend,I am a new student in Grade One, but my English is too bad. Yesterday I had an English test and my grade was just so so. I want to improve my English. What should I do? Could you give me some advice?Looking for helpDear【試題答案】(A) 1. A 2. D 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. C 7. B 8. D 9. C 10. B(B) 1. report2. themselves 3. because 4. much / more 5. So6. that 7. tell8. to