高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的編制和加強(qiáng)

1、高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的編制和加強(qiáng)摘 要: 針對高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)編制工作進(jìn)行了總結(jié)，結(jié)合高層建筑工程特點(diǎn)，闡述了高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的編制內(nèi)容及要點(diǎn)，并提出了高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的加強(qiáng)措施，指出在編制施工組織設(shè)計(jì)時應(yīng)遵循保證重點(diǎn)，統(tǒng)籌安排的原則，合理解決施工階段的各種問題，以保證質(zhì)量，工期及造價。關(guān)鍵詞: 高層建筑； 施工組織設(shè)計(jì)； 編制；當(dāng)前，隨著施工企業(yè)制度的改革和完善，管理模式也向市場經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)變，監(jiān)理制度進(jìn)一步健全建筑施工也在不斷完善，所有這些都對高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)提出了新要求，我也總結(jié)了一些施工組織設(shè)計(jì)方面的體會。1 高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的編制高層建筑首先要根據(jù)工程的特點(diǎn)編制基本的施

2、工步驟、施工方案和責(zé)任的分配，要劃分出管理部門，而且還要對機(jī)械設(shè)備的使用、上崗人員的培訓(xùn)教育，還有對施工現(xiàn)場的布置和如何合理組織施工都要做出詳細(xì)的編制和說明。對高層建筑的施工現(xiàn)場的管理中，要涉及到施工過程中遇到的不可預(yù)見的突發(fā)事件，如遇到暴雨暴雪天氣這些比較意外的狀況時，還要重新調(diào)整施工方案和施工組織進(jìn)度計(jì)劃，還有如果施工設(shè)計(jì)不能滿足甲方使用要求而發(fā)生變更的，也要重新對方案做出變更，對施工方案的調(diào)整還有其他一些情況，要隨著施工過程發(fā)生的變化而改變。高層建筑施工中要注意機(jī)械設(shè)備的合理選擇和使用，高層建筑在選擇機(jī)械設(shè)備時要結(jié)合高層建筑運(yùn)輸量大、機(jī)械費(fèi)用大、對工期影響大的特點(diǎn)，合理選擇和使用機(jī)械設(shè)備

3、對高層建筑的進(jìn)度和節(jié)約成本有著很重要的意義。高層建筑生產(chǎn)周期長，工程量大，對工程進(jìn)行成本核算和成本控制是非常有必要的，合理使用和配備機(jī)械設(shè)備和合理安排施工流程不僅僅對提高工作效率有很大作用，而且也有助于減少人工的浪費(fèi)、節(jié)約成本; 施工現(xiàn)場編制合理的材料使用和保管計(jì)劃有助于減少材料浪費(fèi)，節(jié)約成本。高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)要充分考慮建設(shè)規(guī)模、客觀條件、實(shí)事求是地進(jìn)行編制，編制的內(nèi)容和深度要考慮現(xiàn)場管理的特點(diǎn)，重點(diǎn)考慮全局性部署問題，結(jié)合實(shí)際，抓住重點(diǎn)，突出要點(diǎn)施工方案和措施。2 高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的加強(qiáng)高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的加強(qiáng)首先是對施工方案的加強(qiáng)，施工方案的合理編制對施工現(xiàn)場管理和縮短工期都有很

4、大的作用，所以對施工方案進(jìn)行論證和創(chuàng)新是很有必要的，對方案的論證包括以下內(nèi)容: 對高層建筑施工復(fù)雜性的判斷，對施工過程中的安全性的判斷，對施工技術(shù)可行性的判斷，對施工機(jī)械配置及人員安排的判斷，對施工工期及質(zhì)量保證措施的判斷等，在施工組織設(shè)計(jì)中要保證每個環(huán)節(jié)有序進(jìn)行，要充分發(fā)揮機(jī)械設(shè)備及施工人員的作用，合理使用工地現(xiàn)場，還要對投資、工期進(jìn)行定量分析，針對這些環(huán)節(jié)做出多個施工方案，在對各個方案反復(fù)比較中選出最適合工程的，既能按期保質(zhì)完成任務(wù)，又可以有效地節(jié)約成本的施工方案。高層建筑工程量大、施工工期長，施工布置難度也比較大，基礎(chǔ)埋深比較深，對于土石方工程以及基礎(chǔ)開挖過程中地下水的處理以及對周圍建筑

5、設(shè)施基礎(chǔ)如何保護(hù)會產(chǎn)生的問題要做出詳細(xì)的專項(xiàng)方案，并對其可行性進(jìn)行詳細(xì)論證。高層建筑施工機(jī)械設(shè)備的選用要根據(jù)建筑物結(jié)構(gòu)類型、平面復(fù)雜程度、施工場地及周圍環(huán)境以及施工方法選擇最合理、最節(jié)約成本的施工機(jī)械，機(jī)械設(shè)備費(fèi)用的高低不一定反映經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，例如機(jī)械化程度高，機(jī)械費(fèi)用也高，但是能加快施工進(jìn)度和降低勞動消耗，所以對機(jī)械設(shè)備的選用和配套要綜合考慮經(jīng)濟(jì)效益，進(jìn)行全面的技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)比較。高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)要有完善的質(zhì)量保證體系，對施工全過程工程質(zhì)量進(jìn)行全面的管理與控制; 同時使質(zhì)量保證體系延伸到各施工隊(duì)組直至各主要管理崗位; 對項(xiàng)目質(zhì)量目標(biāo)進(jìn)行層層分解落實(shí)到各施工基層單位，通過嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)墓芾泶_?？偰繕?biāo)的實(shí)現(xiàn);

6、 通過明確分工，密切協(xié)調(diào)與配合，使工程質(zhì)量始終處于有效的控制狀態(tài)。將該體系全面貫徹和實(shí)施的具體措施，以杜絕不合格品出現(xiàn)以及返工現(xiàn)象的發(fā)生。高層建筑要制定施工組織設(shè)計(jì)完善的安全保障體系，建立和完善安全生產(chǎn)責(zé)任制，對安全施工重點(diǎn)部位，如基坑邊坡、機(jī)械設(shè)備使用及腳手架的安全防護(hù)要做出詳細(xì)的方案。從而順利承包工程，一套完善的組織管理系統(tǒng)也更有利于施工管理，從而圓滿地完成施工任務(wù)，施工組織編制的越細(xì)化，施工中遇到的問題越少，越有利于工程的順利進(jìn)行。施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃也是高層建筑施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的又一重要環(huán)節(jié)，編制施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃要堅(jiān)持先緊后松的原則，要考慮到多種不可預(yù)見因素的制約，甚至是新材料、新工藝的應(yīng)用不成熟造成

7、的工期延誤因素，要對施工進(jìn)度計(jì)劃反復(fù)雕琢，降低各種不利因素對進(jìn)度的影響，對可能發(fā)生的風(fēng)險進(jìn)行預(yù)測，這樣在發(fā)生不可預(yù)見風(fēng)險時才不致于造成工期延誤。施工現(xiàn)場的合理布置也是高層建筑施工必須論證的又一方面，施工現(xiàn)場的布置要充分利用塔吊的工作半徑，盡量減少死角，材料和構(gòu)件的堆放也要控制在塔吊的工作范圍內(nèi)，施工現(xiàn)場倉庫的布置要合理，盡量減少二次搬運(yùn); 施工現(xiàn)場臨時用水、用電及臨時設(shè)施的布置應(yīng)有條理，盡量減少施工用地，使平面布置緊湊合理; 施工組織設(shè)計(jì)中還要制定施工現(xiàn)場環(huán)境保護(hù)措施，對施工現(xiàn)場的封閉管理，場容場貌、臨時設(shè)施衛(wèi)生管理以及施工現(xiàn)場對大氣、噪聲及水污染做出詳細(xì)的規(guī)劃和布置，盡量減少對周圍環(huán)境的干擾

8、，做到安全文明施工。 高層建筑是一項(xiàng)龐大的工程，有時也許一個企業(yè)無法完成全部工程，這就出現(xiàn)了工程的分包，總包方的施工組織設(shè)計(jì)中可以不涉及分包工程的施工方案和施工技術(shù)等內(nèi)容，但是總包方必須要求分包方就承包的工程制定出詳盡的，可以保證工程質(zhì)量和工期的施工方案來，總包方有權(quán)決定分包方的施工時間，有權(quán)要求分包方在工序的銜接上配合總包方的工作。高層建筑由于層數(shù)多、結(jié)構(gòu)工程量大、地下工程和裝修設(shè)備比較復(fù)雜等特點(diǎn)，在施工組織設(shè)計(jì)時一定要遵循保證重點(diǎn)，統(tǒng)籌安排的原則，通過合理的施工組織解決好各施工階段的問題，達(dá)到保證質(zhì)量與工期，降低成本和提高效益的目的。參考文獻(xiàn)：1 鄒紅燁, 李為民, 劉敏. 施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的

9、編制 J . 水利天地,1997.2(6):26-272 陸?zhàn)ヶ? 淺析施工組織設(shè)計(jì)在工程活動中的作用及編制程序J. 廣東科技, 2007,(04)3 徐波. 淺議單位工程施工組織設(shè)計(jì)存在的問題J. 科技資訊, 2006,(09)4 魏霆.優(yōu)化施工組織設(shè)計(jì)，合理確定工程造價.山西水利科技，2007(4):82- 83.5 宋彥華.建筑工程施工組織設(shè)計(jì)的發(fā)展與創(chuàng)新.中國科技信息，2007(11).Compiling and strengthening the construction organization design of high-rise buildingAbstract: With

10、a summary on the construction organization design compilation of the high-rise building，combining with high-rise building engineering features，the paper describes the compilation contents and main points of high-rise building construction organization design，puts forward the strengthening measures o

11、f high-rise building construction organization design，and points out some matters needing attention in compiling construction organization design，such as following the principles of guaranteeing points and rational arrangement，and rationally solving various construction problems，so as to ensure the

12、construction quality，construction schedule and construction cost as wellKey words: high-rise building； construction organization design； compilation； At present, with the reform and improvement of the system of construction enterprises, management patterns transformation into a market economy, the s

13、upervision system to further improve the construction also is in ceaseless and perfect, all these are the construction organization design of high-rise building of the new requirements, I have summarized some experiences of construction organization design. 1 The preparation of construction organiza

14、tion design of high-rise buildingHigh-rise building according to the first distribution characteristics of the project preparation of basic construction procedure, construction scheme and the responsibility, to divide the management department, but also the use of mechanical equipment, training staf

15、f, and the layout of construction site and how to organize construction to make detailed compilation and description. The construction site of the high-rise building management, involved in construction of the unpredictable emergencies, such as storm, Blizzard weather these unexpected situation, but

16、 also to adjust the construction scheme and construction organization plan, and if the construction design can not meet the party requirements and changes, also want to to make changes to the plan, the construction scheme of adjustment and some other situation, to change along with the change of the

17、 construction process. In high-rise building construction must pay attention to the reasonable selection of mechanical equipment and use, high rise buildings should be combined with high-rise buildings, machinery and transport a large amount of high cost, big influence on the duration of the charact

18、eristics in the selection of mechanical equipment, has a very important significance to the reasonable choice and use of machinery and equipment of the high-rise building schedule and cost savings. Long production cycle of high-rise buildings, large quantities, cost accounting and cost control of th

19、e project is very necessary, reasonable use and equipped with mechanical equipment and rational arrangement of the construction process not only have a great role to improve the work efficiency, but also help to reduce artificial waste, save the cost; the preparation of construction site and reasona

20、ble material the use and storage program helps to reduce material waste, cost savings. High rise buildings construction organization design should fully consider the construction scale, the objective conditions, seek truth from facts to compile, content and depth of prepared to consider the characte

21、ristics of on-site management, focus on the global deployment issues, combined with the actual, seize the key, highlight the main points of construction scheme and measures.2 Strengthening construction organization design of high-rise buildingStrengthening construction organization design of high-ri

22、se building is the first is to strengthen the construction plan, the reasonable construction scheme have great effect on the construction site management and shorten the construction period, so the construction scheme is demonstrated and innovation is very necessary, the project includes the followi

23、ng content: the complexity of the construction of high-rise buildings, the safety of the construction process of judgment, the feasibility of the construction technology of judgment, on the allocation of construction machinery and personnel arrangement of judgment, the construction period and qualit

24、y guarantee measures of judgment, in construction organization design to ensure that every link in an orderly manner, to give full play to the role of mechanical equipment and construction personnel, reasonable use of the site, but also on the investment, construction period of quantitative analysis

25、, make a construction scheme for these links, in each scheme comparisons to choose the most appropriate engineering, not only the quality and timely completion the task, but also can effectively save construction cost. High-rise building engineering quantity, long construction period, construction l

26、ayout is also great difficulty, depth of foundation is deep, the earthwork and groundwater foundation excavation process and problems of building facilities around foundation how to protect will have to make special scheme in detail, and demonstrates its feasibility. Selection of mechanical equipmen

27、t in high rise building construction according to the building structure type, complex degree, the construction site and the surrounding environment and construction method to select the most reasonable, the most economical cost of construction machinery, mechanical equipment of low cost does not ne

28、cessarily reflect the economic benefit, For example, a high degree of mechanization, machinery costs are high, but can accelerate the construction and reduce the consumption of labor, so the selection and matching of mechanical equipment should consider economic benefit, to conduct a comprehensive t

29、echnical and economic comparison. The construction organization design of high-rise building with perfect quality assurance system, to conduct a comprehensive management and control of the whole construction process quality; at the same time, the quality assurance system extends to the construction

30、team until the main management position; The project quality target down to every level to implement the various construction units, the strict management to ensure the realization of the overall goal of the; Through a clear division of labor, close coordination and cooperation, so that the project

31、quality is always under effective control. The specific measures for the full implementation of the system, to produce substandard products and rework phenomenon.High-rise building to establish security system construction organization design perfect, establish and improve the responsibility system

32、for production safety, the construction safety key positions, such as security and protection of foundation pit slope, mechanical equipment and scaffolding to make a detailed plan. Thus the successful project, a set of organization management system is more conducive to the construction management,

33、thus successfully completed the construction tasks, the preparation of construction organization of the more detailed, the problems met in the construction of the less, the more conducive to the smooth progress of the project.Another important aspect of high-rise building construction schedule and c

34、onstruction organization design, preparation of construction schedule should adhere to the principle of tight pine, must take into account the many unpredictable factors, even is the application of new material and new technology, the immaturity of time delay factor, to the progress of the construct

35、ion plans tried to reduce the influence of various factors, the progress, to predict the possible risk, so that in case of unpredictable risks will not delay.Another aspect of construction site is the rational layout of high-rise building construction must demonstrate, layout of construction site sh

36、ould make full use of the working radius of the tower crane, minimize the dead angle, stacking materials and components to control tower crane in the scope of work, the construction site of the warehouse layout should be reasonable, try to reduce the two handling;Site temporary water, arrangement of

37、 electric and temporary facilities should be organized construction, reduce the construction land, the layout is compact and reasonable; and the formulation of environmental protection measures in the construction site in construction organization design, closed management on the construction site,

38、field capacity field appearance, a temporary Shi Weisheng management and construction site on the air, noise and water to make the planning and layout of pollution with, minimize disturbance to the surrounding environment, to achieve safe and civilized construction.It cant involve the construction scheme and construction technology content of the subcontract works, but the contractor must request the subcontractor contracting project to develop detailed, can guarantee the construction scheme of engineering quality