知識(shí)講解及情態(tài)動(dòng)詞用法

1、.Module 5 知識(shí)輔導(dǎo)Language points:1. You mustnt go off on your own.Go off 意思是“分開， 走開。On ones own 意思是“單獨(dú)。例如： He lives on his own.I need some time on my own.2. You must keep to the path.Keep to 的意思是“沿著走； 使不分開； 留在某個(gè)位置。例如：Lets keep to the point or well never reach any decisions.Please keep to the left hand

2、side of the stairs. 3. Im starving! 我都快餓死了！在非正式英語中，當(dāng)人們想表達(dá)“非常餓這個(gè)概念的時(shí)候， 常說“Im starving!例如：Whats for lunch? Im starving! 4. Come on! Ill lead the way.這里lead 表示“帶路， 領(lǐng)路。例如：I dont know the way, so youd better lead.You lead on and well follow behind on the horses.Come on 在不同的情境有不同的意思。例如：Come onwere going t

3、o be late if you dont hurry! 快點(diǎn) Your piano playing has really come on since I last heard you play. 有進(jìn)步- Itll take at least two hours to do this!- Oh, come on! I could do it in 20 minutes.得啦！算了吧！5. On our first evening, the three of us were tired after walking for about eight hours.在本句中，the 用在數(shù)詞前，表示特

4、指。the three of us 指的是“我們?nèi)齻€(gè)人一共就三個(gè)人。而three of us 那么說的是“我們中的三個(gè)不止三個(gè)人。再如：They have eight people in the team. The eight of them all know only good teamwork will enable them to get the job done on time. 這個(gè)小組有八個(gè)人。這八個(gè)人都知道，只有精誠合作，他們才能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。There are 10 people in the office and eight of them are women. 辦公室里有1

5、0個(gè)人，其中八個(gè)是女士。6. if I reach out, I can just touch him.這里reach out 表示“伸出手臂。例如：The monkey reached out a hand for the banana.He reached his hand out for the phone and knocked over a glass.7. For the next 10 days, every time there was a sudden noise, my blood went cold.這里go表示“處于某種狀態(tài)，尤指令人生厭的狀態(tài)，其后可以接形容詞，如本句

6、中的cold。例如：When the crops fail, the people go hungry.I always go red when Im embarrassed.Wed better eat these apples before they go bad.every time 在句中引導(dǎo)一個(gè)狀語從句，表示“每次, 每當(dāng)。例如：Every time I go and see him, hes always working in the room.8. The first rule of camping is to keep a clean camp site.這個(gè)句子中不定式作表語

7、，又如：To save water is to save our lives.9. You cant leave anything which bears might think is food.這里which bears might think is food是一個(gè)定語從句，修飾anything。10. 注意本課出現(xiàn)的表達(dá)不同時(shí)間段的短語：on our first eveningin the middle of the night in the morning later that day during the night the next day for the next 10 days

8、grammar:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的語法特征1 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞不能表示正在發(fā)生或已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事情，只表示期待或估計(jì)某事的發(fā)生。2 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞 除ought 和have 外，后面只能接不帶to 的不定式。3 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有人稱，數(shù)的變化，即情態(tài)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)不加-s。4 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞沒有非謂語形式，即沒有不定式，分詞，等形式。比較can 和be able to1cancould 表示才能；可能 過去時(shí)用could, 只用于如今式和過去式could。be able to可以用于各種時(shí)態(tài)。They will be able to tell you the news soon. 他很快就能告訴你消息了。2只用be able

9、to a. 位于助動(dòng)詞后。 b. 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后。 c. 表示過去某時(shí)刻動(dòng)作時(shí)。 d. 用于句首表示條件。 e. 表示成功地做了某事時(shí)，只能用was/were able to， 不能用could。He was able to flee Europe before the war broke out.= He managed to flee Europe before the war broke out.注意：could不表示時(shí)態(tài)1提出委婉的懇求，注意在答復(fù)中不可用could。 - Could I have the television on? - Yes, you can. / No, you c

10、an't.2在否認(rèn)，疑問句中表示推測或疑心。 He couldn't be a bad man. 他不大可能是壞人。比較may和might1 表示允許或懇求；表示沒有把握的推測；may 放在句首，表示祝愿。May God bless you!He might be at home.注意： might 表示推測時(shí)，不表示時(shí)態(tài)。只是可能性比may 小。2 成語： may/might as well，后面接不帶to 的不定式，意為"不妨"。 If that is the case, we may as well try.典型例題Peter _come with u

11、s tonight, but he isn't very sure yet. A. mustB. may C. can D. will答案B. 表可能性只能用may.此句意可從后半句推出。比較have to和must1兩詞都是'必須'的意思，have to 表示客觀的需要， must 表示說話人主觀上的看法，既主觀上的必要。My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.我弟弟病得很厲害，我只得半夜里把醫(yī)生請來?？陀^上需要做這件事He said that th

12、ey must work hard. 他說他們必須努力工作。主觀上要做這件事 2have to有人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)的變化，而must只有一種形式。但must 可用于間接引語中表示過去的必要或義務(wù)。He had to look after his sister yesterday.3 在否認(rèn)構(gòu)造中： don't have to 表示"不必"mustn't表示"制止"， You don't have to tell him about it. 你不一定要把此事告訴他。 You mustn't tell him about it.你

13、一定不要把這件事告訴他。must表示推測1 must用在肯定句中表示較有把握的推測，意為"一定"。2 must表對如今的狀態(tài)或如今正發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí)， must 后面通常接系動(dòng)詞be 的原形或行為動(dòng)詞的進(jìn)展式。 You have worked hard all day. You must be tired. 你辛苦干一整天，一定累了。對如今情況的推測判斷He must be working in his office. 他一定在辦公室工作呢。比較： He must be staying there. 他如今肯定呆在那里。 He must stay there. 他必須呆在

14、那。 3 must 表示對已發(fā)生的事情的推測時(shí)，must 要接完成式。 I didn't hear the phone. I must have been asleep.我剛剛沒有聽到 ，我想必是睡著了。4 must表示對過去某時(shí)正發(fā)生的事情的推測，must 后面要接不定式的完成進(jìn)展式。-Why didn't you answer my phone call?-Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn't hear it.5 否認(rèn)推測用can't。 If Tom didn't leave here until

15、five o'clock, he can't be home yet.假如湯姆五點(diǎn)才分開這兒，他此時(shí)一定還未到家。表示推測的用法can, could, may, might, must 皆可表示推測，其用法如下：1情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形。表示對如今或?qū)淼那闆r的推測，此時(shí)動(dòng)詞通常為系動(dòng)詞。I don't know where she is, she may be in Wuhan.2情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞如今進(jìn)展時(shí)。表示對如今或?qū)碚谶M(jìn)展的情況進(jìn)展推測。At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.這

16、時(shí)，我們老師想必在修改試卷。3情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞完成時(shí)。表示對過去情況的推測。We would have finished this work by the end of next December.明年十二月底前我們很可能已完成這項(xiàng)工作了。The road is wet. It must have rained last night.地是濕的，昨天晚上一定下雨了。4情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞的如今完成進(jìn)展時(shí)。表示對過去正在發(fā)惹事情的推測。Your mother must have been looking for you.你媽媽一定一直在找你。5推測的否認(rèn)形式，疑問形式用can't, couldn&

17、#39;t表示。Mike can't have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.邁克一定還沒有找回他的車，因?yàn)樵缟纤亲财噥砩习嗟摹Ｗ⒁猓篶ould, might表示推測時(shí)不表示時(shí)態(tài)，其推測的程度不如can, may。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+ have +過去分詞1 maymight have + done sth, can could have + done sth表示過去，推測過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情。Philip may might have been hurt seriously in the car acc

18、ident.Philip can could have been hurt seriously in the car accident.2must have +done sth，對過去時(shí)間里可能發(fā)生的事情的推測，語氣較強(qiáng)，具有"肯定"，"諒必"的意思。-Linda has gone to work, but her bicycle is still here.-She must have gone by bus.3 ought to have done sth, should have done sth本應(yīng)該做某事，而事實(shí)上并沒有做。否認(rèn)句表示"

19、;不該做某事而做了"。You ought to should have been more careful in this experiment.He ought not to have thrown the old clothes away.事實(shí)上已扔了。ought to 在語氣上比should 要強(qiáng)。4 needn't have done sth 本沒必要做某事I dressed very warmly for the trip, but Ineedn't have done so. The weather was hot.5 would like to have

20、 done sth 本打算做某事I would like to have read the article, but I was very busy then.should 和ought toshould 和ought to 都為"應(yīng)該"的意思，可用于各種人稱。-Ought he to go?-Yes. I think he ought to.表示要求，命令時(shí)，語氣由 should應(yīng)該、had better最好、must必須漸強(qiáng)。had better表示"最好"had better 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞，它只有一種形式，它后面要跟動(dòng)詞原形。had bette

21、r do sth had better not do sthIt is pretty cold. You'd better put on my coat.She'd better not play with the dog. had better have done sth表示與事實(shí)相反的結(jié)果，意為"本來最好"。You had better have come earlier.would rather表示"寧愿"would rather dowould rather not dowould rather than 寧愿而不愿。還有woul

22、d sooner, had rather, had sooner都表示"寧愿"、"寧可"的意思。If I have a choice, I had sooner not continue my studies at this school.I would rather stay here than go home. = I would stay here rather than go home.典型例題-Shall we go skating or stay at home?-Which _ do? A. do you ratherB. would yo

23、u rather C. will you rather D. should you rather答案B。此題考察情態(tài)動(dòng)詞rather的用法，would rather +do sth 意為"寧愿"，此題為疑問句，would 提早，所以選B。will和would注意： 1would like； Would like to do = want to 想要，為固定搭配。 Would you like to go with me?2Will you?Would you like? 表示肯定含義的懇求勸說時(shí)，疑問句中一般用some, 而不是any。 Would you like som

24、e cake?3否認(rèn)構(gòu)造中用will，一般不用would, won't you是一種委婉語氣。 Won't you sit down?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的答復(fù)方式問句肯定答復(fù)否認(rèn)答復(fù)Need you?Yes, I must.No, I needn'tMust you?/don't have to. 典型例題1-Could I borrow your dictionary?-Yes, of course, you_. A. mightB. will C. can D. should 答案C. could表示委婉的語氣，并不為時(shí)態(tài)。答語中of course，表示肯定的語氣，允

25、許某人做某事時(shí)，用can和 may來表達(dá)，不能用could或might。復(fù)習(xí)： will 與you連用，用來提出要求或下命令。should與you 連用，用來提出勸告。2-Shall I tell John about it?-No, you _. I've told him already. A. needn'tB. wouldn'tC. mustn'tD. shouldn't 答案A。needn't 不必，不用。 wouldn't 將不, 不會(huì)的。 mustn't 制止、不能。 shouldn't不應(yīng)該。此題為不需要，不必的意思，應(yīng)用needn't。3-Don't forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow.-_.A. I don't B.I won't C. I can'tD. I haven't 答案B.will既可當(dāng)作情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，表懇求、建議、也可作為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞表"意愿、意志、決心"，此題表示決心，選B。帶to 的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞帶to 的情態(tài)