中考英語-簡單句的五種基本句型講解及練習題

1、簡單句的五種根本句型講解與練習題一、句子成份英語句子成分有主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，表語，定語，狀語等。順序一般是主語，謂語，賓語，賓語補足語，而表語，定語，狀語的位置要根據(jù)情況而定。1、主語：表示句子主要說明的人或事物，一般位于句首。但在there be結(jié)構(gòu)、疑問句當主語不疑問詞時和倒裝句中，主語位于謂語、助動詞或情態(tài)動詞后面。主語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動名詞、名詞化的形 容詞和主語從句等表示。例如：Country music has become more and more popular.名詞Weofte n speak En glish in class.代詞One-thi

2、rd of the stude nts in this class are girls.數(shù)詞To swim in the river is a great pleasure.不定式Smoking does harm to the health.動名詞The rich should help the poor.名詞化的形容詞When we are going to have an En glish testhas not bee n decided.主語從句It is necessary to master a foreign Ianguage. it 作形式主語，真正的主語為后面的不定式2、謂

3、語：謂語說明主語的動作，狀態(tài)或特征?？梢杂胁煌臅r態(tài)，語態(tài)和語氣。1簡單謂語： Westudy forthepeople.2復(fù)合謂語： I canspeak alittleEnglish. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing.3、表語：它位于系動詞比方be之后，說明主語身份，特征，屬性或狀態(tài)。Mysisteris anurse .Is it yours ?代詞The weather has turned cold .形容詞The speech is exciting.分詞Three times seven is twenty one ?數(shù)詞

4、His job isto teach English.不定式His hobby 愛好is playing football .動名詞The ruler must be in your box. 介詞短語Time is up. The class is over.副詞The truth is that he has never been abroad .表語從句4、 賓語：賓語表示動作行為的對象，跟在與物動詞之后，Welike English .How many dictionaries do you have? I havefive .數(shù)詞They helped the old with th

5、eir housework yesterday.名詞化形容詞It began to rain .不定式短語I enjoylistening to popular music .動名詞短語I think thathe is fit for his office.賓語從句有些與物動詞可以帶兩個賓語，往往一個指人，一個指物，指人的叫間接賓語，指物的叫直接賓語。 Hegavemesomeink.有些與物動詞的賓語后面還需要有一個補足語，意思才完整，賓語和它的補足語構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語。如： Wemakeimourmonito r班長.5、 賓補: 就是賓語補足語，就是補充說明賓語的I see you cros

6、sing the streetHis father named himDongming名詞They painted涂漆t(yī)heir boat white .形容詞Let the fresh新鮮的 air 魚.副詞You mustn' t force him to lend his money to you.不定式短語We saw her entering the room .現(xiàn)在分詞We found everything in the labin good order .介詞短語6、 定語：在句中修飾名詞或代詞的成分叫定語。Heis anewstudent.但副詞，動詞不定式，介詞短語等

7、作定語時，那么放在被修飾的詞之后。Thebike intheroom/over there/ismine.Guilin is a beautiful city.形容詞China is a developing 開展中country; America is a developed興旺country.分詞There are thirtywomenteachers is our school.名詞His progress 進步in English made us surprised.代詞Our monitor班長is always the firstto enter the classroom .不

8、定式短語He is reading an article文章about how to learn English.介詞短語7、狀語：修飾動詞，形容詞，副詞以與全句的句子成分，叫做狀語。狀語一般放在被修飾的詞之后或放在句尾。 副詞作狀語時可放在被修飾的詞前或句首。Helives inLondon .Light travels most quickly .副詞與副詞性詞組He has lived in the cityfor ten years .介詞短語He is sorry to trouble 麻煩you .不定式短語He is in the room making a model pla

9、ne. 分詞短語Once一旦 0 you begin , you must continue.狀語從句狀語種類如下:How about meeting again at six ?時間狀語Last night she didn' t go to the dance partybecause of the rain .原因狀語I shall go there if it doesn ' t rain .條件狀語Mr Smith lives on the third floor.地點狀語She put the eggs into the basketwith great care.

10、方式狀語She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴隨狀語In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. 目的狀語He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.結(jié)果狀語She works very hard though she is old .讓步狀語I am taller than he is .比較狀語一、指出以下句子劃線局部是什么句子成分：1. The students got on the school bus.2. He h

11、an ded me the n ewspaper.3. I shall an swer your questi on after class.4. His job is to train swimmers.5. He took many photos of the palacesin Beijing.6. His wish is to become a scientist.7. Hewantsto finish the work in time.8. Tom came to ask me for advice建議.9. He found it importa nt to master Engl

12、ish.10. Do you have anything else to say?11. Would you please tell me your address?12. He sat there, reading a newspaper.13. It js our duty to keep our classroom clea n and tidy.14. He no ticed注意至叮a man en ter the room.15. The apples tasted sweet 簡單句的五種根本句型英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細觀察不外乎五個根本句式。這五個根本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜

13、的英語句子。 換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個根本句式生成的。這五個根本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)主語+不與物動詞S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)主語+連系動詞 +表語S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)主語+與物動詞 +賓語S十V十01十02主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O十C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)判斷類型和句子成分：She came.She likes English.She is happy.The teacher asked me to read the passage.She bought a book for me.She gave Joh n a book .My head aches.She makes her mothe

14、r angry . The sun was shining.The moon rose.They talkedfor half an hour.他們談了半個小時。The dinner smells good. 午餐的氣味很好。Everythi ng looks differe nt.切看來都不同了。He is growi ng tall and stro ng.他長得又高又壯。His face turned red.他的臉紅了。Who knows the answer?誰知道答案？He enjoys reading.他喜歡看書。I want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶

15、。He bought you a dictionary.She ordered herself a new dress.她給自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husba nda delicious meal.她給丈夫煮了一餐美饌。I showed him my pictures. I gave my car a wash. 我洗了我的汽車。He showed me how to run the machine.他教我開機器。What makes himthink so?他怎么會這樣想？The childre n are playi ng happily.The Gree ns

16、enjoy livi ng in China.He became a famous doctor.他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。The apple pie tastes really delicious.蘋果派吃起來真是好吃。根本句型一： S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞大多是不與物動詞：appear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disappear, fall, happen, rise,I.學生們學習很努力。 根本句型二： S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 常見的系動詞有：be是；get變得，become成為,turn 變得， look看起來,feel 感到,smell 聞起來

17、,taste 嘗起來,sound 聽起來,seem似乎A. 表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,等等。8We shouldany time.我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持安靜。9這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。 .B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如：10Spring comes. It is.春天至U了，天氣變得越來越暖和。IIDon't have the food.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。根

18、本句型三：S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)13我昨天看了一部電影。 .16They haveof the children.這些孩子他們照看得很好。根本句型四：S十V十間接賓語“人"十直接賓語“物結(jié)構(gòu)間接賓語前需要加to的常用動詞有：bring,give, han d, le nd, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。間接賓語前需要加 for的常用動詞有：buy, choose, make, order, paint, play演奏，sing,等。18Yesterday her fatheras

19、a birthdaypresent.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19 The old manin the Long March.正在給孩子們講故事 這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為：動詞+直接賓語+ for/ to sb.20) Please show me your picture. =Please.請把你的畫給我看一下。Ithe salt. = Ithe salt.我把書遞給他。根本句型五：S十V十0十C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 此句型的句子的共同特點是：動詞雖然是與物動詞，但是只跟一個賓 語還不能表達完整的意思，必須加上一個補充成分來補足賓語。call 叫，choose選，find 發(fā)現(xiàn)，make,

20、name,(命名)22Keep, please.請讓孩子們安靜下來。23They painted.他們把門漆成綠色。We must.我們必須保持我們的學校潔。He asked mesoon. 他要我 早點回來。24我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個懶惰的人。 .注意：動詞 have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, watch等后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to。女口： 25The bossall day.(迫使他勞動 ) We saw .(他出去)?？键c突破訓練1、I am sorry to have kept youA to wait B wait C waite

21、d D waiti ng2、I felt somebodymeA touch B touched C to touch D touches3、 He taught mespeak En glishA how should B how C how can I D how to4、I shall make your dreamA coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true5、He toldhomeA us not to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go6、I thinka good ha

22、bit to get up earlyA this B it C that D its7、Roses in bloom smellA sweete n B sweetly C sweet D sweet ness()1. The weather.A. wet and coldB.is wet and coldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold()2. The apple tasted.A. sweetsB. sweetlyC. nicelyD. sweet()3. He got upyesterday morni ng.A. latelyB.late

23、C. latestD. latter()4.were all very tired, but none ofwould stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we()5.I thi nkn ecessary必要的to lear n En glish well.A. itsB.itC. thatD. that is()6. The dogmad瘋的.A. looksB.is lookedC. is being looked D. was looked判斷以下句子是簡單句、并列句還是復(fù)合句：1. We ofte n study

24、 Chin ese history on Friday after noon.2. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom.3. There is a chair in this room, isn' t there?4. My brother and I go to school at half past seve n in the morning and come back home at seve n in the evening.5. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two.6. He

25、 was fond of draw ing whe n he was yet a child.7. Neither has he cha nged his mind, nor will he do so.8. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn' t it?9. The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree.10. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music.簡單句的五種根本句型講解與練習題英語句子看上去紛繁龐雜，但仔細觀察不外乎五個根

26、本句式。這五個根本句式可以演變出多種復(fù)雜的英語句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語句子都是由這五個根本句式生成的。這五個根本句式如下：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十01十02主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)S十V十0十C主謂賓補結(jié)構(gòu)說明：S=主語；V=謂語；P=表語； 8賓語；0仁間接賓語；02=直接賓語；C= 賓語補足語根本句型一：S十V主謂結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞大多是不與物動詞，這些動詞常見的有：run, study, arrive, come,happen,等。如：1) .學生們學習很努力。2) .她跑得很快。 3) .事故是昨天晚上發(fā)生的。 補充:少數(shù)不與物動詞后面能跟一個一樣意義的名

27、詞作賓語，這個名詞和前面的動詞在詞根上是一樣的或者在意義上是相近的，這樣的賓語就叫做同源賓語。常見的能帶同源賓語的動詞有：lead, live, die, sleep, dream, smile, laugh, fight, r un, sing 等。例如：4) . With the help of his families and n eighbors, the farmer lives a happy life.5) . I dreamed a terrible dream last ni ght.6) . Our soldiers fought a won derful fight ag

28、a inst the Japa nese many years ago.7) . He died a glorious death.根本句型二:S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的系動詞一般可分為以下兩類：A.表示狀態(tài)的連系動詞。這些詞有：be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound,keep, rema in,等。如：8) We shouldany time.我們在任何時候都應(yīng)該保持冷靜。9) 這種食物嘗起來很糟糕。B. 表示轉(zhuǎn)變或結(jié)果的系動詞。 這些詞有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等。如：10)

29、Spri ng comes. It is gett ing warmer and warmer.春天至U了，天氣變得越來 越暖和11) Don't have the food.不要吃那種食物，它已經(jīng)變質(zhì)了。12) The fact.這個事實證明是正確的。根本句型三：S十V十0主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的動詞應(yīng)為與物動詞或者可以后接賓語的動詞短語。同時，句子中有時含有與賓語 有關(guān)的狀語。作賓語的成分常是：名詞、代詞、動詞不定式、動名詞或從句。如：13) 我昨天看了一部電影。 .14) I n ever said I would come back. 。15 They fin ally deci

30、ded to get along with us.。16They haveof the children.這些孩子他們照看得很好。17I don ' t like watching too much TV. 。根本句型四：S十V十O1十O2主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)，O1二間接賓語；O前直接賓語這種句型中作間接賓語的常常指“人，直接賓語常常指“物。如：18 Yesterday her fatheras a birthday prese nt.昨天她父親給她買了一輛自行車作為生日禮物。19) The old man is telling the children stories in the Long

31、 March.這種句型還可轉(zhuǎn)換為其他兩種句型：A. 動詞 + 直接賓語 + for sb.;B. 動詞 + 直接賓語 + to sb.。20) Please show me your picture.=Please.請把你的畫給我看一下。21) ril offer you a good cha nee as long as you don t lose heart.=I'll offeras long as you don't lose heart.只要你不失去信心，我會給你提供時機的。 根本句型五：S十V十O十C主謂賓賓補結(jié)構(gòu) 這種句型中的賓語+補語可統(tǒng)稱為“復(fù)合賓語，作補語

32、的常常是名詞、形容詞、副詞、 介詞短語、分詞、動詞不定式等。如：22) Keep, please. 請讓孩子們安靜下來。23他要我學好英語。.24他把書放在書架上。.25) 他把墻漆成白色。.26) 我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的錢包被偷了。 .27) 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他是一個老實的人。.注意：動詞have, make, let,后面所接的動詞不定式作賓補時，不帶to ；動詞see, hear, notice, observe, watch等后可以加不帶to的不定式或動名詞做賓補，如：28) The boss made him do the work all day. 。29我聽見有個女孩正在隔壁房間唱歌。 .第2/4頁

33、根本句型翻譯練習根本句型一：主+系+表1. 當時他看起來不快樂。2. 我最喜歡的運動是游泳和滑冰。 3. 我擅長英語。4. 這食物吃起來挺可口的。 5. 這故事聽起來很有趣。6. 收到你的來信我很快樂。根本句型二：主+謂不與物動詞1.2021年至2021年我在廣益中學學習。 2. 今天上午，我們在校門口會面然后一起去了那里。3. 這幾年我們家鄉(xiāng)發(fā)生了巨大的變化4. 小車沒有停而是快速的開走了。根本句型三：主+謂與物+賓1. 去年在學校電腦競賽中我獲得了一等獎。 2. 在業(yè)余時間我喜歡聽流行音樂和收集郵票。 3. 幾天前我和我兄弟騎自行車去看電影。 4. 我們也在校園和周圍種上了許多樹。5. 晚

34、上時，我可以看電視新聞或看報紙。 根本句型四：主+謂與物+雙賓間賓+直賓1. 去年王教師教我們英語。2. 在我14歲生日時，爸爸給我買了一輛新自行車。3. 昨晚我花了兩小時才完成作業(yè)。 4. 對不起，能問你一個問題嗎？ 根本句型五：主+謂與物+復(fù)合賓語賓+賓補1. 那時我正看到那些孩子在河邊玩。2. 我們正在使我們的國家變得越來越美麗。 3. 當我到達教室時，我發(fā)現(xiàn)里邊沒有人。4. 我注意到凱特整個早上都在圖書館里看書。5. 父親叫我給他帶些報紙來。 根本句型翻譯綜合練習：1. 那噪音太大，我無法繼續(xù)學習。 2. 得知你9月份要來我很快樂。3. 是一個品嘗新食物的好地方。 4. 當那個人在過馬

35、路時，小車撞了他。 5. 我已決定明天下午 3： 30到機場接他。6. 所有父母都希望看到他們孩子們的成功。 7. 志愿者常給貧窮的孩子們提供很多學習用品。 第3/4頁1. He looked un happy at that time.2. My favourite sports are swim ming and skati ng.3. I am very good at En glish.4. The food tastes delicious.5. I was so pleased to hear from you.6. The story sounds very in teresti ng.1.1 studied in Guangyi Middle School from 2021 to 2021.2. This morning we met at the school gate and went there together.3. Great cha nges have take n place in our hometow n these years.4. The car did n't stop but drove off at great speed/rapidly/quickly.1. Last year I won first pri