高考英語推理判斷題解題技巧

1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上高考英語推理判斷題解題技巧高考英語閱讀理解很重要而且很復(fù)雜，為什么復(fù)雜？是因?yàn)殚喿x理解有很多題型，那么這些題型中有哪些很重要呢？接下來就跟大家談?wù)劮浅Ｖ匾囊环N題型推理題！再說推理題之前，我們先來看一道漢語推理題。人，就是想探尋宇宙奧秘，覓其所未見，因之為探天險(xiǎn)而喪生者已為數(shù)眾多。人類必須征服自然，金沙江之類的天塹改變成通途，事關(guān)國計(jì)民生，造福古今后世。不意纜車之發(fā)明卻大大發(fā)展了旅游事業(yè)，大量賺錢，滿足了弱者也能登臨天險(xiǎn)的好奇心，后果卻摧毀了人間天險(xiǎn)。Q：對(duì)這段文字的主旨最準(zhǔn)確的概括是（ ）。A.纜車的發(fā)明可以使自然界的天險(xiǎn)變成通途B.纜車既使旅游業(yè)賺錢，也滿足了游客

2、探險(xiǎn)的愿望C.纜車可以讓弱者登臨天險(xiǎn)而不必?fù)?dān)心有生命危險(xiǎn)D.纜車滿足了人的好奇心，也限制了人對(duì)自然的探尋解 正確答案為D。段落第三句是說纜車發(fā)展了旅游、滿足了好奇心，后半句發(fā)生意思轉(zhuǎn)折，指出纜車也摧毀了人對(duì)自然的探尋。由此，可以看出A、B、C三項(xiàng)僅概括了纜車的正面作用，而沒有概括由于纜車而產(chǎn)生的負(fù)面效果，故正確答案為D。這個(gè)問題很簡單吧，漢語推理so easy，但為什么考研閱讀推理題同學(xué)得分不高呢？你是怎么做的呢？段落翻譯一下？選項(xiàng)翻譯一下？逐個(gè)匹配一下？二選一錯(cuò)一下？付出和收獲不成正比？大多數(shù)原因是主觀臆斷，想象力和自我感覺占了主導(dǎo)。言外之意就是，沒有找到推理題的解題原則和方法。推理題長什么

3、樣？傳統(tǒng)推理題的題干標(biāo)志詞主要有infer, imply, indicated, suggest, learn等等；新型推理題的題干還有paragraph這種提示段落的詞。推理題分哪幾種？單段推理、多段推理和細(xì)節(jié)推理。細(xì)節(jié)推理一聽這個(gè)名字就是混血兒。它既長得像細(xì)節(jié)題又長得像推理題。接下來我們會(huì)一一給大家講解。如何破解推理題？看似神秘的推理題，實(shí)則就是考察段落的主要內(nèi)容、中心大意?，F(xiàn)階段我們已經(jīng)掌握了如何去找段落中心，怎么找？六大標(biāo)志別忘記！一個(gè)邏輯兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞和兩個(gè)特殊還有平鋪。具體說就是表示順接和轉(zhuǎn)接的邏輯詞、觀點(diǎn)動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、特殊標(biāo)點(diǎn)、特殊句型、平鋪直敘的段首和段尾等等。所以推理題答案就在這

4、六大標(biāo)志處，光說不練假把式，我們實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練如何？But what we forget-what our economy depends on us forgetting-is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain. The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone

5、to tell us, as religion once did, Memento: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it. Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.39. We can learn from the last paragraph that th

6、e author believes_.A. happiness more often than not ends in sadness.B. the anti-happy art is distasteful but refreshing.C. misery should be enjoyed rather than denied.D. the anti-happy art flourishes when economy booms.【解】做題步驟是三思一行。第一思題干類型。learn, paragraph，推理題。第二思考點(diǎn)定位句。我們首先要找段落中心六大標(biāo)志。錯(cuò)誤做法看到冒號(hào)的同學(xué)如獲至寶

7、，Memento mori: remember that you will die, that everything ends, and that happiness comes not in denying this but in living with it(記住你會(huì)死，一切都將結(jié)束，幸福不是否定這一切而是坦然接受，言外之意就是死亡不可避免)，然后就選了A或者C。強(qiáng)調(diào)一下，如果冒號(hào)出現(xiàn)在論據(jù)里它就沒那么重要了，冒號(hào)前面是解釋說明一種宗教信仰，宗教作為一個(gè)例子來看就沒有那么重要了。所以我們可以把這句話去掉不看，在剩下三個(gè)句子里找。 But what we forget-w

8、hat our economy depends on us forgetting-is that happiness is more than pleasure without pain.The things that bring the greatest joy carry the greatest potential for loss and disappointment. Today, surrounded by promises of easy happiness, we need someone to tell us.Its a message

9、 even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.根據(jù)順序性和密度性原則，我們找到考點(diǎn)定位句是 Its a message even more bitter than a clove cigarette, yet, somehow, a breath of fresh air.做到這里我們同學(xué)其實(shí)已經(jīng)可以得出正確答案了，我們嚴(yán)格按照步驟做完來驗(yàn)證一下。第三思定位句中關(guān)鍵詞。yet邏輯詞表示轉(zhuǎn)折，我們做漢語推理題

10、就深有感覺，轉(zhuǎn)折后的意思是重點(diǎn)。關(guān)鍵詞=主題詞+屬性詞(情感態(tài)度變化)，主題詞是it, 屬性詞就是 bitter yet fresh。一行選項(xiàng)等價(jià)代換完全匹配。題做完了，是不是三思一行讓你很踏實(shí)無后顧之憂??！相比較而言，第二步更重要一些，如果考點(diǎn)定位句找錯(cuò)了，方向錯(cuò)了再努力也是白搭。所以同學(xué)們上課不僅要認(rèn)真聽做好筆記，課下要嚴(yán)格按照三思一行步驟解題，一定要把六大標(biāo)志逐行掃描干凈，不然第二步可能就會(huì)出現(xiàn)偏差。例題解析：We tend to think of plants as the furniture of the natural world. They dont move，they dont

11、 make sounds and they dont seem to respond to anythingat least not very quickly. But as is often the case，our humans view of the world misses quite a lot. Plants talk to each other all the time. And the language is chemical.Over the years，scientists have reported that different types of plants，from

12、trees to tomatoes，release compounds(化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants. These chemical warnings all have the same purpose to spread information about one plants disease or infestation so other plants can defend themselves. But exactly how plants receive and act on many of these signals is

13、still mysterious.In this weeks Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences，researchers in Japan offered some explanations. They had identified one chemical message and traced it all the way from release to action.The scientists looked at tomato plants infested by a common pest，the cutworm. The r

14、esearchers studied leaves from exposed and unexposed plants. They found one compound showed up more often in the exposed plants. The substance is called HexVic. When the scientists fed HexVic to cutworms，it knocked down their survival rate by 17%.The scientists identified the source of HexVic，and sp

15、rayed it lightly over healthy plants. Those plants were then able to start producing the cutworm killing HexVic .Researchers confirmed that uninfected plants have to build their own weapons to fight off bugs and disease. How do they know when to play defense? They are warned first by their friendly

16、plant neighbors.It is a complex tale，and it may be happening in more plant species than tomatoes.It may also be happening with more chemical signals that are still unknown to us. Further studies are needed to increase agricultural efficiency.17How do plants warn their neighbors?AThey make use of win

17、ds. BThey release some chemicals.CThey identify the chemicals. DThey are exposed early.18Whats the function of HexVic?AIt damages the cutworms body. BIt shows up more.CIt cures the disease. DIt sprays over healthy plants.19It can be inferred from the text that_Athere are not chemical signalsBthe phe

18、nomenon may be happening in less plant species than tomatoesCfarmers may benefit from the further studiesDplants are warned first by their neighbors20The passage is likely to appear in _Aa newspaper advertisement Ba physics textbookCa science magazine Da finance report【解題導(dǎo)語】 人們傾向于認(rèn)為植物是大自然的裝飾品。它們不能移動(dòng)

19、，不能發(fā)出聲響，看起來不對(duì)任何事情作出反應(yīng)。但是情況常常并非如此，植物一直都在說話。17解析：選B。細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“scientists have reported that different types of plants，from trees to tomatoes，release compounds(化合物) into the air to help neighboring plants.”可知，不同種類的植物通過釋放一些化合物進(jìn)而幫助附近的植物，即B項(xiàng)正確。18解析：選A。推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“When the scientists fed HexVic to

20、cutworms，it knocked down their survival rate by 17%.”和“Those plants were then able to start producing the cut worm killing HexVic.”可知，A項(xiàng)正確。19解析：選C。推理判斷題。由文章的最后一句可推知，通過進(jìn)一步的科學(xué)研究可以提高農(nóng)業(yè)效率，農(nóng)民會(huì)從中受益，即C項(xiàng)正確。20解析：選C。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可推知，本文應(yīng)該是一篇科研報(bào)告性質(zhì)的文章ExerciseFrom good reading we can get pleasure, companionship,

21、experience, and instruction. A good book may absorb our attention so completely that for the time being we forget our surroundings and even our identity. Reading good books is one of the greatest pleasures in life. It increases our contentment when we are cheerful, and lessens our troubles when we a

22、re sad. Whatever may be our main purpose in reading, our contact with good books should never fail to give us enjoyment and satisfaction.     With a good book in our hands we need never be lonely. Whether the characters in it are taken from real life or are purely imaginary, they

23、 may become our companions and friends. In the pages of books we can walk with the wise and the good of all lands and all times. The people we meet in books may delight us either because they resemble (相像)human friends whom we hold dear or because they present unfamiliar types whom we are glad to we

24、lcome as new acquaintances. Our human friends sometimes may bore us, but the friends we make in books need never weary us with their company. By turning the page we can dismiss them without any fear of hurting their feelings. While human friends desert us, good books are always ready to give us frie

25、ndship, sympathy, and encouragement.     Of all the gifts from reading books, the most valuable one is experience. Few of us can travel far from home or have a wide range of experiences, but all of us can lead varied lives through the pages of books. Whether we wish to escape fro

26、m the seemingly dull realities of daily routines or whether we long to visit some far-off place, a book will help us when nothing else can. To travel by book we need no bank account to pay our way; no airship or ocean liner or stream-lined train to transport us; no passport to enter the land of our

27、heart's desire. Through books we may get the thrill of hazardous adventure without danger. We can climb high mountains, brave the perils of an Antarctic winter, or cross the scorching sands of the desert, all without hardship. In books we may visit the studios of Hollywood; we may mix

28、with the merry crowds of the Paris boulevards; we may join the picturesque peasants in an Alpine village or the kindly natives on a South Sea island. Indeed, through books the whole world is ours for the asking. The possibilities of our literary experiences are almost unlimited. The beauties of

29、 nature, the enjoyment of music, the treasures of art, the triumphs of architecture, the marvels of engineering, are all open to the wonder and enjoyment of those who read.1. Why do we sometimes forget our surroundings and even our identity while reading?   A. No one is trying to disturb y

30、ou there.      B. All is so quiet and calm around you.   C. The book you read is so fascinating.       D. Our life is just far from satisfactory.2. What makes people like their acquaintances in books even more?   A. They are

31、just like our human friends.       B. They are unfamiliar types we like.   C. They will never ever abandon us.           D. They will never hurt our feelings.3. The word “hazardous” means _.    A. “unexpec

32、ted”           B. “dangerous”       C. “imaginary”       D. “unusual”4. “. the whole world is ours for the asking” implies that we can_.   A. experience the whole world just by rea

33、ding    B. get anywhere in the world only by asking   C. make a trip around the world free of charge     D. actually possess everything in this world5. What is the most suitable title for this passage?   A. Reading and traveling   

34、;        B. Experiencing the world     C. Traveling with books            D. Gifts from reading參考答案：CCBADMCDONALDS Android, Fanta, Yahoo When you look at these brands logos, how do they make

35、 you feel? Logos are like companies faces. A team of psychologists recently found that our brains are good at remembering different logos, and we develop this ability from the age of 2. Young children tested in the study could identify logos and link them to the correct products about 67 percen

36、t of the time. “Some logos are so powerful that they dont need to spell out their names,” Alex Hillsberg of Finance son line. Com told the Daily Mail. “They transcend (跨越) cultural borders.” Intrigued (激起的好奇心) by this finding, Hillsberg did his own study, trying to figure out what it is ab

37、out logos that makes such strong impressions. He found that customers tend to judge products within 90 seconds of seeing them, and most of this judgment is based on one thing-color. Its been known for years that different colors affect peoples emotions differently-scientists call this “col

38、or psychology”. And some of these effects are similar for most people. So Hillsberg studied many of the worlds most popular logos, focusing especially on their colors. Red, for example, tends to convey “energy”. Thus, it is associated with intensity(強(qiáng)烈) and feelings of passion. This is why it i

39、s used in the logo for the energy drink Red Bull. The blue Samsung logo brings feelings of trust and confidence because people associate blue with the “depth and stability (沉穩(wěn)) of the sky and sea”, said Hillsberg. The big yellow letter “M” of Mcdonalds is associated with joy and energy, wh

40、ile Androids and Starbucks greens were designed to communicate “the harmony of nature”. The purple used by Yahoo is usually linked with the “l(fā)uxury of royalty(貴族)”. And orange makes people feel creative, which is perfect for brands such as the Web browser Firefox and the drink Fanta. Brown logo

41、s make companies appear reliable, which is why the color is used by the chocolate brand M&Ms. People used to think that logo designers chose colors based largely on their own preference, but this study says otherwise. “They are calculated,” said Hillsberg. “Big businesses choose logo c

42、olors with one thing in mind: that you remember their logos in your sleep.”6. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the article?A. Young children are better at identifying logos than adults are.B. Most people can tell logos apart in less than a minute.C. Logo designers often take cu

43、ltural differences into consideration.D. Some logos are so effective that they immediately remind people of their brands.7. Why does Alex Hillsberg focus on logoscolors?A. He believes logo designers usually prefer certain colors.B. He thinks that logos colors have a big influence on customers judgme

44、nts about brands.C. He thinks logos colors are the easiest thing for customers to remember about them.D. He discovered new theory called “color psychology thinks its a good place to start from.8. The Samsung logo and M&Ms chocolate logo are successful because both _.A. make customers feel that t

45、heir brands are trustworthyB. bring great joy and passion to customersC. give customers the impression of being nature-friendlyD. inspire customers to expand their creative thinking9. What is the article mainly about?A. How to become a logo designer.    B. How our brain recognize

46、s and remembers logos.C. What makes some logos so impressive.D. The cultural influence of logos.參考答案：DBAC   Europe on Thursday launched the first satellite of its Copernicus Earth observation project that will supply valuable images in the event of natural disasters or even a plane crash. 

47、    The Sentinel-la satellite,  which was sent into Earth' s orbit from Europe's spaceport in French Guiana9 will be used to monitor sea ice, oil spills and land use and to respond to emergencies such as floods and earthquakes.The Copernicus proiect ,  for which the

48、European Union and the -European Space Agency (ESA) have committed funding of around 8. 4 billion euros (_$_11. 5 billion) until 2020, is described by the _ESA as the most ambitious earth observation program  to date.     "The big step forward is that we can now cover e

49、very place on Earth every three to six days," Volker Liebig, director of ESA' s Earth Observation program, said ahead of the launch. "If you want to use images for disaster management support or to find a plane, then you want the images to be as fresh as possible. " But he caution

50、ed you would first need to know roughly where a plane had crashed, which is not the case with the missing Malaysian Airlines jet.    Copernicus also offers new business opportunities. Images can be downloaded free of charge, meaning companies can then use them to help deliver data to farmers on soil condition