必修5第一單元詞匯學(xué)習(xí)PPT

1、 Unit 1 Great Scientists 偉大的科學(xué)家 Words and Expressions 1. characteristic: n. 特征特征;特性特性; 特點特點;品質(zhì)品質(zhì) The need to communicate is a key characteristic of human society. 2.radium: 鐳鐳 元素符號：元素符號：Ra 原子量：原子量：226 發(fā)現(xiàn)人：居里夫婦發(fā)現(xiàn)人：居里夫婦 鐳是一種具有很強(qiáng)的放射性的鐳是一種具有很強(qiáng)的放射性的元素元素并能不斷放并能不斷放出大量的熱?？捎脕碇委煱┌Y。此外，還用來探出大量的熱?？捎脕碇委煱┌Y。此外，還用來探

2、測石油資源、巖石組成等。是原子彈的材料之一。測石油資源、巖石組成等。是原子彈的材料之一。Madame CuriepainterThe man is a painter.3. painter: n.畫家畫家; 油漆匠油漆匠 paint: n. 油漆油漆;涂料涂料;顏料顏料 v. 給什么上漆；畫給什么上漆；畫 painting: n. 油畫油畫;水彩畫水彩畫Xu Beihong was a famous Chinese painter. 4. put forward: 提出提出;把把提前提前 bring up: 提出提出;培養(yǎng)培養(yǎng) put up: 提出提出;提升提升;建造建造;張貼張貼 1)He

3、put forward a new plan at the meeting yesterday. 2)Weve put forward our wedding by one week. 5. scientific: 科學(xué)的科學(xué)的 science: n. 科學(xué)科學(xué) scientist: 科學(xué)家科學(xué)家 We must do scientific research on this kind of disease.6. conclude: v. 結(jié)論結(jié)論;推斷出推斷出;結(jié)束結(jié)束 conclusion: n. 結(jié)論結(jié)論;結(jié)束結(jié)束 draw/reach/come to a conclusion: 得出結(jié)論

4、得出結(jié)論 concludefrom: 從從推斷出推斷出 1)What can you conclude from the passage? 2)The war concluded/ended in 1945.7. analyse/analyze: v. 分析分析8. infect: v. 傳染傳染;感染感染 infectious: 傳染的傳染的 1)All the people are infected with HIV. 2)The wound soon became/got infected. 3)Flu is highly infectious.9. cholera: 霍亂霍亂 霍亂霍亂

5、是一種烈性腸道傳染病，兩種甲是一種烈性腸道傳染病，兩種甲類傳染病之一，由霍亂弧菌污染水和食類傳染病之一，由霍亂弧菌污染水和食物而引起傳播。臨床上以起病急驟、劇物而引起傳播。臨床上以起病急驟、劇烈瀉吐、排泄大量米泔水樣腸內(nèi)容物、烈瀉吐、排泄大量米泔水樣腸內(nèi)容物、脫水、肌痙攣少尿和無尿為特征。嚴(yán)重脫水、肌痙攣少尿和無尿為特征。嚴(yán)重者可因休克、尿毒癥或酸中毒而死亡。者可因休克、尿毒癥或酸中毒而死亡。在醫(yī)療水平低下和治療措施不力的情況在醫(yī)療水平低下和治療措施不力的情況下，病死率甚高。下，病死率甚高。托馬斯托馬斯阿爾瓦阿爾瓦愛迪生愛迪生 舉世聞名的美國電學(xué)家，科舉世聞名的美國電學(xué)家，科學(xué)家和發(fā)明家，被譽(yù)

6、為學(xué)家和發(fā)明家，被譽(yù)為“世世界發(fā)明大王界發(fā)明大王”。他除了在留。他除了在留聲機(jī)、電燈、電報、電影、聲機(jī)、電燈、電報、電影、電話等方面的發(fā)明和貢獻(xiàn)以電話等方面的發(fā)明和貢獻(xiàn)以外，在礦業(yè)、建筑業(yè)、化工外，在礦業(yè)、建筑業(yè)、化工等領(lǐng)域也有不少著名的創(chuàng)造等領(lǐng)域也有不少著名的創(chuàng)造和真知灼見。和真知灼見。1931年年10月月18日，愛迪生在西奧倫治逝日，愛迪生在西奧倫治逝世，終年世，終年84歲，歲，1931年年10月月21日，全美國熄燈以示哀日，全美國熄燈以示哀悼。悼。10. defeat: v. 打敗打敗;戰(zhàn)勝戰(zhàn)勝;使受挫使受挫 n. 失敗失敗 win: v. 獲勝獲勝; 贏得贏得 n. 勝利勝利 1)Af

7、ter a long campaign, the Chinese people defeated the Japanese. 2)They finally had to admit defeat. 11. expert: adj. 熟練的熟練的;經(jīng)驗經(jīng)驗/知識豐富的知識豐富的 n. 專家專家;行家行家(specialist) be expert at/in (doing) sth: (做做)熟練熟練/經(jīng)驗豐富經(jīng)驗豐富1)The boy is a computer expert.2)She is an expert in/on/at cooking.3)I am expert at/in pla

8、ying computer game.12. attend: v. 照料照料;護(hù)理護(hù)理;出席出席;參加參加 attend to sb：照料照料;護(hù)理某人護(hù)理某人 attend to sth: 處理處理; 對付對付;專心于專心于 take (good) care of = look after: 照料照料1)Who will attend the meeting?2)Your duty is to attend to the queen.3)I have some business(事情事情) to attend to.physician13. physician: n. 醫(yī)生醫(yī)生;內(nèi)科醫(yī)師內(nèi)科

9、醫(yī)師 doctor:醫(yī)生醫(yī)生 physical: 身體的；物理的身體的；物理的 physical exercise 身體鍛煉身體鍛煉 physics: 物理學(xué)物理學(xué) physicist: 物理學(xué)家物理學(xué)家 14. expose: v. 暴露暴露;揭露揭露;使曝光使曝光 exposeto: 使顯露使顯露/暴露暴露 1)She has exposed her fears. 2)I must expose his trick. 3)Stay in the room and dont expose your skin to the sun.15. deadly: adj.致命的致命的 dead: ad

10、j. 死的死的 die: v. 死亡死亡;滅亡滅亡 death: n. 死死;死亡死亡;毀滅毀滅 1)This is a deadly disease. 2)The accident caused 178 deaths. 3)My grandparents are dead. 4)Her daughter died in 1997. 16. cure: n. 治療治療;痊愈痊愈 v. 治愈治愈;治療治療 treat: v. 治療治療;醫(yī)治醫(yī)治;對待對待;招待招待 1)The medicine can cure lung cancer. 2)There is still no cure for

11、some cancers.17. outbreak: n. 爆發(fā)爆發(fā); ;發(fā)作發(fā)作( (疾病疾病/ /戰(zhàn)爭等戰(zhàn)爭等) ) break out: . (戰(zhàn)爭戰(zhàn)爭/火災(zāi)火災(zāi)/疾病等疾病等)爆發(fā)爆發(fā) 1)Do you know the outbreak of the war?2)The Second World War broke out in 1939.18. challenge: n. 挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn) v. 向向挑戰(zhàn)挑戰(zhàn) 1)They must meet the challenge of new technology. (迎接挑戰(zhàn)迎接挑戰(zhàn)) 2) She does not like anyone ch

12、allenging her authority.victim19. victim: n. 受害者受害者 The Chinese people were the victims of the war.20. absorb: v. 吸引吸引;吸收吸收;使專心使專心 be absorbed in: 專心于專心于 1)Plants will absorb water. 2)I was absorbed in the novel at that time. 21. suspect: v. 認(rèn)為認(rèn)為;懷疑懷疑 (suspect sb of doing sth) n. 嫌疑犯嫌疑犯;被懷疑者被懷疑者 1)H

13、e suspected me of stealing his car. 2)She is a murder suspect.22. enquiry/inquiry: n. 詢問詢問;調(diào)查調(diào)查 enquiry office = enquiries (UK) = information desk (US): 問訊處問訊處;服務(wù)臺服務(wù)臺 require: v. 要求要求v The leader ordered an enquiry into/ about the case.23. neighbo(u)rhood: n. 附近附近;鄰近鄰近; 街道街道;住宅區(qū)住宅區(qū) neighbo(u)r: n. 鄰

14、居鄰居 1)They grew up in the same neighborhood. 2)We searched the neighborhood for the lost girl.24. severe: 嚴(yán)重的嚴(yán)重的;劇烈的劇烈的;嚴(yán)厲的嚴(yán)厲的 1)Her cough is severe. 2)She is a severe/strict teacher.25. clue: n. 線索線索;提示提示 1)I had/found some clues to the murder. 2)Can you give me a clue?26. pump: n. 泵泵; 抽水機(jī)抽水機(jī) v. (用

15、泵用泵)抽水抽水I will pump some water out of the well.27. Cambridge Street: 劍橋大街劍橋大街28. foresee(foresaw/foreseen): v. 預(yù)見預(yù)見;預(yù)知預(yù)知 1)We didnt foresee the trouble last month . 2)I foresaw that you would win the match.29. investigate: v. 調(diào)查調(diào)查 investigation: n. 調(diào)查調(diào)查 1)I will investigate the crime. 2)He has compl

16、eted his investigation into the case.30. blame: v. 責(zé)備責(zé)備;譴責(zé)譴責(zé) n. 過失過失;責(zé)備責(zé)備 be to blame for 對對負(fù)責(zé)任負(fù)責(zé)任 take the blame for: 對對承擔(dān)責(zé)任承擔(dān)責(zé)任1)You shouldnt blame the girl.2)The driver is to blame for the accident.3)He blamed the teachers for his failure. 4)She should be the woman to blame. 她是應(yīng)該被責(zé)怪的人。她是應(yīng)該被責(zé)怪的人。

17、The river has been heavily polluted.31. pollute: v. 污染污染;弄臟弄臟 pollution: n. 污染污染 The river has been heavily polluted.32. handle: v. 處理處理;操縱操縱;對待對待 n. 柄柄;把手把手 1)We will handle the matter later. 2)The nurse doesnt know how to handle the patients.33. germ: n. 微生物微生物;細(xì)菌細(xì)菌;病菌病菌 virus:病毒病毒 The drug can ki

18、ll the germs.34. link: v./n. 連接連接;聯(lián)系聯(lián)系 linkto/with: 將將和和聯(lián)系聯(lián)系/連接起來連接起來 1)This railway links all the cities in Japan. 2)I want to link the TV to the computer. 3)The police think that there may be a link between the two cases.35. announce: v. 宣布宣布;通告通告;通知通知 announcement: n. 1)They will announce their p

19、lan this afternoon.2)She announced that she had given up smoking.36. certainty: n. 確信確信;確實確實 certain: adj. 確定的確定的;肯定的肯定的 certainly: adv. 肯定肯定;確定確定;當(dāng)然當(dāng)然 1)Your failure now seems a certainty. 2)I cant say with certainty when I will leave for Spain. (for sure/certain)37. instruct: v. 命令命令;指示指示;教導(dǎo)教導(dǎo)v Mr

20、. Green instructed his dog to beat the man. 38. responsible: 有責(zé)任的有責(zé)任的;負(fù)責(zé)的負(fù)責(zé)的 be responsible for: 對對負(fù)責(zé)任負(fù)責(zé)任v We will be responsible for your meals. 39. construct: v. 建設(shè)建設(shè);修建修建 (build) construction: n. 建設(shè)建設(shè);建筑物建筑物 be under construction: 在建設(shè)中在建設(shè)中 China Construction Bank: 中國建設(shè)銀行中國建設(shè)銀行 1)They will constru

21、ct/build a freeway between the two cities. 2)Our dormitory is under construction. 40. contribute: v. 捐獻(xiàn)捐獻(xiàn);貢獻(xiàn)貢獻(xiàn);捐助捐助 contribute to/towards: 向向捐助捐助 1)She contributed $10000 to the school. 2)Are you willing to contribute? 41. apart from: 除了除了之外之外;此外此外 (包含或不包含包含或不包含) besides but/except besides: 除了除了(還有還

22、有) (常和常和 other, also, more連用。連用。) but = except: 除了除了(不包含不包含) (常和常和 all, every, no-等連用。等連用。)1)I have nothing apart from the clothes in the box. (but/except)2)Apart from reading, he has a lot of other hobbies.fireworkchartchart43. chart: 圖表圖表44. creative: adj. 有創(chuàng)造力的有創(chuàng)造力的; 創(chuàng)造性的創(chuàng)造性的;獨創(chuàng)的獨創(chuàng)的 create: v. 創(chuàng)建

23、創(chuàng)建;創(chuàng)作創(chuàng)作;創(chuàng)造創(chuàng)造 1)He is a creative author. 2)This is a creative design.45. co-operative: 合作的合作的;協(xié)作的協(xié)作的 Co-operative study is very important to the students.46. positive: 積極地積極地;肯定的肯定的;確實的確實的;樂觀的樂觀的 negative: 消極的消極的;否定的否定的 subjective: 主觀的主觀的 objective: 客觀的客觀的 1)We must take positive action to handle the

24、 problem. 2)She is positive about her new job.47. be strict with sb. (in sth.): 對對(人人)嚴(yán)格嚴(yán)格 be strict in sth.: 對對(事情事情)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)1)Parents must be strict with their children. 2)We should be strict in all our work.48. Nicolaus Copernicus:尼古拉尼古拉哥白尼哥白尼 (1473-1543. An astronomer. Poland.)40歲時，哥白尼提出了日心說。他的 “日心說

25、”沉重地打擊了教會的宇宙觀。他是歐洲文藝復(fù)興時期的一位巨人。哥白尼遺骨于2010年5月22日在波蘭弗龍堡大教堂重新下葬。 49. revolutionary: adj. 革命的革命的;重大變革的重大變革的 n. 革命者革命者;改革者改革者 revolution: n. 革命革命;變革變革 reform: v./n. 改革改革;變革變革1)He was a revolutionary leader.2)A revolutionary does not fear death.3)Simple as it sounds, its a revolutionary idea.50. movement:

26、n. 移動移動;運動運動;動作動作;轉(zhuǎn)動轉(zhuǎn)動 move: v. 運動運動;移動移動;搬動搬動 1)It is a revolutionary movement. 2)She was so badly injured that the slightest movement was painful. 51. make sense: 講得通講得通;有意義有意義;明智的明智的 make no sense: 講不通講不通;無意義無意義v This sentence doesnt make sense. = This sentence makes no sense.52. backward(s): adj./adv. 向后向后;相反相反;退步退步 forward(s): 向前向前v Youll have to run backward/forward.53. loop: n. 圈圈;環(huán)環(huán) circle: n. 圈圈;環(huán)環(huán);圓形圓形;圈子圈子 54. privately: 私下地