中國學習者英語書面語和口語中話語標記的使用情況

1、2021/4/21中國學習者英語書面語和口語中中國學習者英語書面語和口語中話語標記的使用情況話語標記的使用情況許家金許家金中國外語教育研究中心2021/4/22The Use of Discourse Markers in Chinese EFL Learners Written and Spoken EnglishXu JBeijing Foreign Studies University2021/4/23DM extractionContentsDM use in NS EnglishDM use in CHN learners EnWhy DMs?Comparison of DM use

2、2021/4/24QUESTIONCORPUSRETRIVALINTERPRETAIONCL research process2021/4/25Beads, necklace, and thread Gestalt 格式塔格式塔 The whole is bigger than the sum of parts. 2021/4/26Beads, necklace, and thread Gestalt 格式塔格式塔 The whole is bigger than the sum of parts. 2021/4/27Why discourse and why DMs? Knowledge (

3、language) Declarative vs procedural 陳述性知識陳述性知識 vs 程序性知識程序性知識 What vs how2021/4/28Why discourse and why DMs? Referential vs relational 概念（客觀的概念（客觀的/抽象的）抽象的） vs 關系關系2021/4/29Lexical orality in NS English speech Step 01 Wordlist and keyword list generation ICE-GB-Spoken 600,000 words The entire BNC Wor

4、ld 100 m words icespvsbnc.kws英語口語的詞匯特征英語口語的詞匯特征2021/4/210Lexical orality in NS English speech Step 01 Wordlist and keyword list generation ICE-GB-Spoken 600,000 words The entire BNC World 100 m words icespvsbnc.kws英語口語的詞匯特征英語口語的詞匯特征2021/4/211Lexical orality in NS English speech Step 02 Collocational

5、 behavior of the key keywords in ICE-GB-Spoken Concord-file-based search-Compute-Cluster 1-3 word clusters DM search word (SW) list英語口語的詞匯特征英語口語的詞匯特征2021/4/212Taxonomy of DMs Filled pause: Hesitation markers -cognitive constraints Attracting attention or starting a new topic Ending conversation 中國學生

6、很不善于開啟、延續(xù)話題方便的中國學生很不善于開啟、延續(xù)話題方便的discourse技巧技巧 老師教了老師教了Ive got to go now.2021/4/213自然話語過程示意圖主體間空間認知空間話語空間認知空間話語使用者1話語使用者22021/4/214話語空間話語空間認知空間1認知空間2主體間空間2021/4/215特特征征音韻音韻特征特征1、不重讀，相對于鄰近的音節(jié)往往弱讀；、不重讀，相對于鄰近的音節(jié)往往弱讀；2、話語標記前后通常有可感知的停延；、話語標記前后通常有可感知的停延；3、常常單獨構成韻律單位；、常常單獨構成韻律單位；語義語義特征特征 沒有或者較少含有概念意義。沒有或者較少

7、含有概念意義。結構結構特征特征1、句法上難以歸入某一類別；、句法上難以歸入某一類別；2、不是句法上的必要成分，往往是可以取消、不是句法上的必要成分，往往是可以取消的。但就現(xiàn)場即席的互動話語而言，當某的。但就現(xiàn)場即席的互動話語而言，當某些些DM單獨構成話輪時，則不可取消；單獨構成話輪時，則不可取消；3、在話語中的位置較為靈活，可出現(xiàn)在話輪、在話語中的位置較為靈活，可出現(xiàn)在話輪（或韻律單位或韻律單位）的開始、中間或末尾；的開始、中間或末尾；2021/4/216功能功能1 1、示意話輪、示意話輪（或韻律單位或韻律單位）的開始、的開始、延續(xù)、轉換、結束等；延續(xù)、轉換、結束等；2 2、可以表達和暗示說話

8、人的態(tài)度；、可以表達和暗示說話人的態(tài)度；3 3、可以幫助促成會話雙方的互動；、可以幫助促成會話雙方的互動；4 4、提示話題或者信息焦點。、提示話題或者信息焦點。2021/4/217My version of DMs Continuum perspective Cognitive constraints uh, um etc Interpersonal ties well, you see Textual hinges or joints connectives2021/4/218My version of DMs Continuum perspectiveuh well/you see/I m

9、ean and/so/but2021/4/219Discourse marker Search Words Step 03 Plain text file of discourse markers Step 04 File-based search with discmark.txt in SECCL File-based search with discmark.txt in ICE-GB-Spoken2021/4/220Contrastive study of DMs between SECCL and ICE-GB-SP Step 05 Keywords or Chi-square te

10、st in SPSS Step 06 Interpretation and analysis Implications for pedagogy Touchstone I mean etc2021/4/221A quick summary Introducing DMs How DMs stand out of English speech2021/4/222Other aspects of corpus-based discourse-pragmatic research Expressions of gratitude Speech act Genre analysis Code-swit

11、ching Repair Kennedy Page 176ff Discourse items2021/4/223Other aspects of corpus-based discourse-pragmatic research Information structure-Given-Accessible-New-Topic-Comment (B-S) Color metaphor (CA) Red Discourse management chunks Chinese learners translation of clausal relations Teachers prosody as a constructional element of classroom interaction2021/4/224Thank you!2021/4/225Discouse_NN1 mark