PSC和FSI 幻燈片

1、解釋PSC和FSI的含義、各自的職責(zé)及相互之間的關(guān)系，簡(jiǎn)要介紹PSC檢查程序報(bào)告人：張琳一、目錄1.PSC和FSI的含義2.各自的職責(zé)3.相互之間的關(guān)系4.PSC檢查程序的簡(jiǎn)要介紹PSC的含義 Port State Control (PSC) is the inspection of foreign ships in national ports for the purpose of verifying that the condition of the ship and its equipment comply with the requirements of international c

2、onventions and that the ship is manned and operated in compliance with applicable international laws. 港口國(guó)監(jiān)督是港口國(guó)當(dāng)局對(duì)抵港的外國(guó)籍船舶實(shí)施的，以確保船舶及其設(shè)備符合國(guó)際公約要求、船舶的配員與操作符合適用的國(guó)際規(guī)范為目的的一種檢查。 The authority for exercising PSC is the national law based on relevant conventions. It is therefore necessary for a port State to

3、 be Party to those conventions and to have promulgated the necessary legislation before exercising PSC. 港口國(guó)監(jiān)督的實(shí)施是通過基于相關(guān)國(guó)際公約的國(guó)內(nèi)法所授權(quán)的。因此，港口國(guó)必須是這些公約締約國(guó)，而且，在實(shí)施港口國(guó)監(jiān)督之前要頒布起立法。Provisions of port State control港口國(guó)監(jiān)督條款 IMO conventions place the responsibility for technically and environmentally safe ships pri

4、marily on the flag State. However, it is recognized that a port State can make a useful contribution to these aims and many conventions, therefore, contain provisions that permit port State control. These include:IMO 的公約把保證船舶的技術(shù)安全和環(huán)境安全的首要責(zé)任放在了船旗國(guó)的肩上。然而，普遍認(rèn)為，港口國(guó)能對(duì)實(shí)現(xiàn)該目標(biāo)作出貢獻(xiàn)，因此，很多的國(guó)際公約都包含有港口國(guó)監(jiān)督條款。它們是：

5、SOLAS 74，regulation 1/9, regulation IX/6 and regulation XI/4; LOADLINES 66, article 21; MARPOL 73/78, ARTICLES 5& 6, regulation 8A of Annex I, regulation 15 of Annex II, regulation 8 of Annex III and regulation 8 of Annex V; STCW 78, article X and regulation 1/4; TONNAGE 69, article 12.船旗國(guó)監(jiān)督的含義

6、船旗國(guó)監(jiān)督,顧名思義,就是各國(guó)海事主管機(jī)關(guān)依據(jù)本國(guó)的法規(guī)對(duì)本國(guó)船舶實(shí)施監(jiān)督檢查,確保所有懸掛本國(guó)國(guó)旗的船舶符合公約的適用規(guī)定和要求。這些措施包括:船舶登記、船舶檢驗(yàn)與發(fā)證、檢查等。船旗國(guó)職責(zé) 授予國(guó)籍的職責(zé)； 對(duì)船舶適航性開展全面檢驗(yàn)的職責(zé)； 對(duì)合格船員進(jìn)行培訓(xùn)發(fā)證的職責(zé)； 對(duì)船公司安全政策開展嚴(yán)格審查的職責(zé)； 有效執(zhí)行以及打擊違章的義務(wù)； 對(duì)懸掛本國(guó)旗幟的船舶開展跟蹤管理及服務(wù)的義務(wù)； 同港口國(guó)沿岸國(guó)以及其他船旗國(guó)開展交流合作以鞏固本國(guó)的履約承諾!船旗國(guó)監(jiān)督與港口國(guó)監(jiān)督的關(guān)系 船旗國(guó)監(jiān)督與港口國(guó)監(jiān)督是相互對(duì)應(yīng)的一對(duì)概念，船旗國(guó)監(jiān)督是船旗國(guó)海事主管機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)懸掛本國(guó)國(guó)旗的船舶實(shí)施的監(jiān)督檢查，而港口

7、國(guó)監(jiān)督是港口國(guó)海事主管機(jī)關(guān)對(duì)外國(guó)籍船舶實(shí)施的監(jiān)督檢查。背景 在執(zhí)行海事標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的過程中,海難事故仍然接連不斷的發(fā)生,對(duì)沿岸國(guó)和港口國(guó)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)、海洋環(huán)境帶了沉重的打擊。除此之外,一些欠發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家,如巴拿馬、伯里茲和利比里亞,實(shí)行開發(fā)登記制度,缺乏對(duì)船舶設(shè)備配備和船員操縱技術(shù)等安全標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的監(jiān)控和管理知識(shí),甚至有些國(guó)家缺乏對(duì)船舶管理的意愿,嚴(yán)重制約了船旗國(guó)履約的能力。港口國(guó)監(jiān)控(Port State Control)就此登上了舞臺(tái)。港口國(guó)監(jiān)控補(bǔ)充船旗國(guó)監(jiān)督 船旗國(guó)對(duì)確保懸掛該國(guó)國(guó)旗的船舶滿足國(guó)際公約負(fù)有根本責(zé)任,是海上安全的第一道防線。 港口國(guó)監(jiān)控不僅僅是船旗國(guó)的補(bǔ)充,而且以船舶為媒介,通過選船機(jī)制和黑名

8、單確定檢查目標(biāo),并定期公布統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,形成對(duì)船旗國(guó)的強(qiáng)有力壓力,進(jìn)而提高船旗國(guó)監(jiān)督的水平和監(jiān)督的意愿。 以東京備忘錄為例,港口國(guó)根據(jù)亞太地區(qū)港口國(guó)監(jiān)控計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng)中形成的目標(biāo)因素值來確定檢查目標(biāo)。船舶的目標(biāo)因素值越高,就越容易被優(yōu)先檢查。 被列入黑名單的船舶進(jìn)入東京備忘錄成員國(guó)港口,將會(huì)接受至少一次嚴(yán)格的詳細(xì)檢查。頻繁并且嚴(yán)格的詳細(xì)檢查會(huì)使船舶始終處于被滯留的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)之中,勢(shì)必會(huì)影響船舶的經(jīng)濟(jì)效益和船旗國(guó)的聲譽(yù)。 同時(shí),港口國(guó)監(jiān)控每次的檢查結(jié)果都會(huì)被錄入計(jì)算機(jī)信息系統(tǒng),并定期統(tǒng)計(jì)公布港口國(guó)監(jiān)控檢查的結(jié)果、高滯留的船旗國(guó)、船級(jí)社和船東的黑名單。東京備忘錄港口國(guó)監(jiān)督新檢查機(jī)制（東京備忘錄NIR）于20

9、14年1月1日起在亞太地區(qū)實(shí)施。 新檢查機(jī)制的一大亮點(diǎn)是在船舶風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)估體系的構(gòu)建上，引入了公司績(jī)效作為船舶風(fēng)險(xiǎn)參數(shù)之一，改變了以往港口國(guó)監(jiān)督檢查與公司審核管理之間脫節(jié)的現(xiàn)象，有利于從源頭上監(jiān)督船舶安全和防污染管理規(guī)定的執(zhí)行情況。更加合理地利用港口國(guó)監(jiān)督力量，實(shí)施差異化管理，推動(dòng)區(qū)域安全水平提高。 中國(guó)曾經(jīng)一度成為巴黎備忘錄、美國(guó)海岸警衛(wèi)隊(duì)的黑名單國(guó)家. 1994年中國(guó)籍船舶被滯留34艘次,1995年被滯留46艘次,1996年被滯留53艘次,給中國(guó)的航運(yùn)業(yè)造成了嚴(yán)重的損害,也影響了中國(guó)政府在國(guó)際海事中的形象。2006年,中國(guó)籍國(guó)際航行船舶被滯留共8艘次,其中6艘次在亞太地區(qū)被滯留,被滯留率為0.

10、75%,遠(yuǎn)低于亞太地區(qū)5.4%的平均滯留率。中國(guó)國(guó)際航行船舶履約狀況穩(wěn)定,船旗國(guó)管理受到好評(píng)。 為降低中國(guó)籍船舶受檢和滯留的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),中國(guó)海事局加大對(duì)國(guó)際航行船舶的監(jiān)督管理力度,實(shí)施開航前檢查制度,限制與排除低標(biāo)準(zhǔn)船舶,改善船舶的營(yíng)運(yùn)狀況。 作為海上安全第二道防線的港口國(guó)監(jiān)控現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)遍布世界港口的各大水域,并且在確保船舶符合國(guó)際海事公約中越來越發(fā)揮出重要的影響,但是確保船舶符合公約標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的主要責(zé)任仍在于船旗國(guó)監(jiān)督,船旗國(guó)監(jiān)督會(huì)在港口國(guó)監(jiān)控的監(jiān)督和補(bǔ)充下,達(dá)到“清潔海洋上的安全和高效航運(yùn)”的目標(biāo)。兩者關(guān)系總結(jié)港口國(guó)監(jiān)督檢查程序 Selection of ships to be inspected Th

11、e Port State Control Officer (PSCO), before visiting the port, select a ship or ships to be inspected, taking into account the criteria for the selection of ship stipulated in the MOU. Ships such as tankers and bulk carriers, and ships with previous records of detention, etc. In doing so, PSCO searc

12、h previous PSC data from regional or national data bank on ships the PSCO intends to visit.選擇受檢查船舶 船舶到達(dá)港口之前，檢查官會(huì)根據(jù)備忘錄里規(guī)定的選船標(biāo)準(zhǔn)選擇受檢查船舶。優(yōu)先檢查的船舶包括第一次掛靠該港口的船舶、油船和散貨船等敏感型船舶、有滯留記錄的船舶，等等。在選船的時(shí)候，檢查官會(huì)從該國(guó)家或該區(qū)域的數(shù)據(jù)庫(kù)中就以前的港口國(guó)監(jiān)督數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)待檢船舶進(jìn)行調(diào)查。Initial inspection PSCO first checks the certificates and other documents ca

13、rried on board to ascertain that they are valid and in order. He also check the general condition of the ship in order to satisfy himself that the ship complies with the provisions of the relevant instruments. If everything is in order, the inspection is completed and the ship is allowed to sail.初檢

14、檢查官首先檢查船舶配備的證書及其他相關(guān)文件，以確人其有效性和正確性。同時(shí)，他們也檢查船舶總體狀況，確認(rèn)該船舶是否符合相關(guān)條約的條款要求，以使自己滿意。如果所有情況良好，檢查即告結(jié)束，船舶被允許開航。Detailed inspection If, however, PSCO finds that the certificates are not in order, or, after general inspection, considers that there are clear grounds for believing that the ship does not substantial

15、ly comply with the provisions of the relevant instruments, then he carries out detailed inspections. Resolution A.787 (19) defines the clear grounds and describe how to carry out detailed inspection.詳細(xì)檢查 然而，如果檢查官發(fā)現(xiàn)證書不符合要求，或者，初次檢查后有明顯依據(jù)認(rèn)為該船實(shí)質(zhì)上并不符合相關(guān)公約條款的要求，檢查官就會(huì)對(duì)該船實(shí)施詳細(xì)檢查。A.787(19)決議定義了明顯依據(jù)并對(duì)如何實(shí)施詳細(xì)檢查進(jìn)

16、行了闡述。Detention If PSCO, as a result of detailed inspections, has found deficiencies, he orders to rectify such deficiencies. If the deficiencies are very serious, the ship is detained and will not be allowed to sail until the deficiencies are rectified. In such cased, the flag State administration a

17、nd classification society involved are notified. Resolution A. 787(19) provides for the definition of detainable deficiencies and procedures to be followed in the case of detention.滯留 如果檢查官在詳細(xì)檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)有缺陷，通常會(huì)令船方糾正。如果發(fā)現(xiàn)的缺陷非常嚴(yán)重，船舶將會(huì)被滯留，直到缺陷被糾正才允許船舶開航。在這種情況下，檢查官會(huì)通知船旗國(guó)主管機(jī)關(guān)及相應(yīng)的船級(jí)社機(jī)構(gòu)。A.787（19）決議提供了可滯留的定義以及滯留所

18、應(yīng)遵循的程序。 If the deficiencies cannot be rectified at the port of inspection, PSCO may allow the ship to proceed to the nearest repair yard. Resolution A.787(19) and PSC Manual contain procedures to be followed in such case 如果缺陷不能在檢查港糾正，檢查官可允許船舶駛往最近的修船廠。 A.787（19）決議以及港口國(guó)監(jiān)督手冊(cè)中包含了該種情況發(fā)生時(shí)所應(yīng)遵循的程序。Reporting

19、 After inspection, the ship is provided with Form A of the port State inspection, and in the case of deficiencies, Forms B as well. In the case of detention, Forms A and B are transmitted to the flag State. PSCO also send the results of inspection to regional database, such as SIRENAC in St. Malo, France, under the Paris MOU an