英語(yǔ)教案句子成分

1、教學(xué)重點(diǎn)句子成分分析教學(xué)難點(diǎn)句子成分分析教學(xué)過(guò)程教師活動(dòng)10大詞類(lèi)： 實(shí)詞：名詞、形容詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、動(dòng)詞、副詞。虛詞：介詞、連詞、感嘆詞、冠詞。 1、 名詞(n.)： 表示人、事物、地點(diǎn)或抽象概念的名稱(chēng)。如：boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.2、代詞(pron.)： 主要用來(lái)代替名詞。如：who, she, you, it .3、形容詞(adj.)：表示人或事物的性質(zhì)或特征。如：good, right, white, orange . 4、數(shù)詞(num.)： 表示數(shù)目或事物的順序。如：one, two, three, first, second,

2、third, fourth.5、動(dòng)詞(v.)： 表示動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：am, is, are, have, see .6、副詞(adv.)： 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或其他副詞，說(shuō)明時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、程度等。如：now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.7、冠詞(art.)：用在名詞前，幫助說(shuō)明名詞。如：a, an, the.8、介詞(prep.)： 表示它后面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關(guān)系。如in, on, from, above, behind.9、連詞(conj.)： 用來(lái)連接詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。如and, but, before .10、感嘆詞(interj.)：表

3、示喜、怒、哀、樂(lè)等感情。如：oh, well, hi, hello.【2010江蘇·鎮(zhèn)江】四、 詞匯運(yùn)用（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）A）根據(jù)句意，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的正確形式填空，每空一詞。36. So far, I havent made a (decide) about where to go for the coming summer holidays.37. This year it has rained so (heavy) in South China that lots of problems are caused.38. When we walked past

4、 the playground yesterday, we found him (lie) on the grass, enjoying the sunset.39. Jack is busy preparing for a party to celebrate his sisters (twelve) birthday. He wants to give her a big surprise.40. On April 14th, an earthquake hit Yushu and destroyed its (beautiful) completely.Its a great pity.

5、B) 根據(jù)句義，用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。91. The old should be spoken to _(polite).92. My family lives in the _(center) park of the city.93. He is too _(care) to pass the final exam.94. Poetry is a beautiful way to express _(think) and feelings.C) 用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。96. Betty is often seen _ (help) the old man with his

6、housework.97. He prefers _ (take) part in the public activities rather than stay at home alone.98. They _ (agree) with each other, so they argued for a long time.99. Animals are our friends, so _ (protect) them is our duty.【2011山東泰安】（二）綜合填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，用方框中所給詞語(yǔ)的適當(dāng)形式填空，使文章通順、完整。（每詞限用一次）f

7、irst, use, be, another, buy, open, whenever, talk, but also, touch “Thank you” is widely (76) in a modern society. It is a very good manner. You should say “Thank you” (77) others help you or say something kind to you. For example: when someone (78) the door for you, when someone says you have done

8、your work well, when someone says you have (79) a nice shirt, or your city (80) very beautiful, you should say “Thank you”. “Thank you” is used not only between friends, (81) between parents and children, brothers and sisters, husbands and wives.“Excuse me” is (82) short polite usage. We use it as t

9、he same as “Thank you”. When you hear someone say so behind you, youd got to know that somebody wants to walk past you without (83) you. It is not polite to interrupt (打斷) others while they are (84). If you want to have a word with one of them, please say “Excuse me” (85), and then begin to talk. Yo

10、u should also do so when you want to cough or make any unpleasant noise before others. Lets say “Thank you” and “Excuse me” on the right occasion. 英語(yǔ)句子成分和英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)講解及練習(xí) 句子是按照一定的語(yǔ)法規(guī)律組成的，表達(dá)一個(gè)完整的意義。一個(gè)句子一般由兩部分構(gòu)成，即主語(yǔ)部分和謂語(yǔ)部分，這兩部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括賓語(yǔ)，定語(yǔ)，狀語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的組成部分。句子成分：主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)

11、足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)1、主語(yǔ)：(1) 句子的主語(yǔ)是表示句子所要說(shuō)明的人或事物；“是什么”或“是誰(shuí)”，這是一個(gè)句子的主要部分，一般由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語(yǔ)、從句等（如動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)詞不定式短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)名詞等）來(lái)充當(dāng)，通常位于句首如：The school is far from here. 名詞做主語(yǔ)She goes to school by bike. 代詞做主語(yǔ)Eight is a lucky number. 數(shù)詞做主語(yǔ)The blind need more help. 名詞化的形容詞做主語(yǔ)There is a pen on the desk. 名詞做主語(yǔ)Watching TV too mu

12、ch is bad for your eyes. 動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)To be a doctor is my dream. 不定式短語(yǔ)做主語(yǔ)What people wear depends on their likes and dislikes. (2)動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)可用it代替,而不定式或動(dòng)名詞移至表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)之后。如：It is good for you to read many books as you can. . (吃得太多對(duì)你的身體不利。)(3)口語(yǔ)中常見(jiàn)主語(yǔ)或“主-系”省略：(It is) nothing. (那)沒(méi)有什么。)(It) doesnt matter. (那)沒(méi)有

13、關(guān)系。)(I) thank you. (我)謝謝你。)(4)反意問(wèn)句的附加問(wèn)句,主語(yǔ)必須是代詞：The man looks worried, doesnt he? (這個(gè)人看上去很著急不是嗎？) Tigers are dangerous animals, arent they? (老虎是危險(xiǎn)的動(dòng)物不是嗎？)(5)祈使句一般省略主語(yǔ)。加主語(yǔ)時(shí)往往用來(lái)指定某個(gè)人。Keep the keyboards clean, children. (孩子們請(qǐng)保持鍵盤(pán)的清潔。) (省略了主語(yǔ))You go there and fetch me a glass of water. (你去給我弄一杯水來(lái)。)(6)主語(yǔ)

14、一般在句首,但在問(wèn)句中會(huì)處于第二位和句尾；倒裝句及there be句型主語(yǔ)在動(dòng)詞之后。如：Computers are made in this factory. (計(jì)算機(jī)生產(chǎn)于這家工廠。) Where are they? (他們?cè)谀膬海? Does the boy like staying home? (這個(gè)男孩喜歡呆在家里嗎？)(7)主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)必須保持單、復(fù)數(shù)的一致, 而謂語(yǔ)與表語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)之間沒(méi)有這一要求。Neither Jim nor Rose has passed the exam. (Jim和Rose都沒(méi)有通過(guò)考試。) The Chinese people are a hardworki

15、ng and brave people. (中華民族是一個(gè)勤勞勇敢的民族。) 2、謂語(yǔ)：(1)由“不及物動(dòng)詞”、“及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)”或“系動(dòng)詞+表語(yǔ)”等構(gòu)成,說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)所表示的人物“干什么”或“怎么樣”。如：He traveled in space for the first time.(他首次在太空旅行。) Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰(shuí)教你們的英語(yǔ)？) The pizza has gone bad. (那塊烤餡餅已經(jīng)變壞。) (2)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須反映出人稱(chēng)、單復(fù)數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)等信息,記?。褐^語(yǔ)部分第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞往往是變形動(dòng)詞。 (3)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞切忌用“行為動(dòng)詞1

16、 + 原形動(dòng)詞”、“be + 原形動(dòng)詞”。記住使用下列正確形式： 情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+原形動(dòng)詞。如：Youd better go over the lesson.（你最好復(fù)習(xí)這一課。）shall/ will/ would+原形動(dòng)詞。如：They should have been there once.（他們應(yīng)該去過(guò)那兒。）be+現(xiàn)在分詞或者過(guò)去分詞。如：What are you doing this evening?（今晚你打算做什么？） Many trees have been cut down since 1970s.（自從20世紀(jì)70年代大批樹(shù)木被砍伐。）have / has +過(guò)去分詞。如：Ma

17、ny trees have been cut down since 1970s.（意思同上）一般時(shí)問(wèn)句和否定句中：do/does/did+原形動(dòng)詞。如：He does not enjoy himself very much.（他日子過(guò)的不好。） Did any of you see dinosaur eggs?（你們當(dāng)中有誰(shuí)見(jiàn)過(guò)恐龍蛋嗎？）行為動(dòng)詞1+行為動(dòng)詞2 (不定式、動(dòng)名詞、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞等形式)。如：He made up his mind to be a vet.（他拿定主意要做個(gè)獸醫(yī)。）The kings of ancient Egypt had strong tombs bui

18、lt for themselves.（古代的埃及國(guó)王讓人給他們自己修建堅(jiān)固的墳?zāi)?。?(4)不可用形容詞、名詞、代詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)等獨(dú)立作謂語(yǔ),必須在此之前加連系動(dòng)詞。(1) 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式：?jiǎn)螖?shù)形式的動(dòng)詞有：is, was, has, does以及“動(dòng)詞+s”；復(fù)數(shù)形式的動(dòng)詞有：are,were,have以及動(dòng)詞原形。其他動(dòng)詞不分單、復(fù)數(shù)。謂語(yǔ)部分第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞的形式單數(shù)形式復(fù)數(shù)形式一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)be(是)動(dòng)詞；現(xiàn)在某些時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞beam (單一); are (單二); is (單三); are一般過(guò)去時(shí)be(是)動(dòng)詞；過(guò)去某些時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞bewas (單一); were (單二

19、); was;(單三)were一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)have(有)動(dòng)詞；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)態(tài)的助動(dòng)詞havehave (單一); have (單二); has (單三);have一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)行為動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞dodo (單一、單二); does (單三)do實(shí)意動(dòng)詞和連系動(dòng)詞的一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞（否定和疑問(wèn)句除外）原形動(dòng)詞(單一、單二); 動(dòng)詞+s /es (單三)原形動(dòng)詞其他各時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同記?。褐髡Z(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)單復(fù)數(shù)必須保持一致。 Air and water is necessary to us all.(空氣和水對(duì)于我們大家是必不可少的。)(6)一般問(wèn)句和反義疑問(wèn)句的回答不使用行為動(dòng)詞,應(yīng)該使用“是”動(dòng)

20、詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞(be,will,have,do以及變形)。如：The Olympic Games is held every other year, isnt it? -Yes, it is(奧運(yùn)會(huì)每?jī)赡昱e辦一次,是嗎？-是的。)3、賓語(yǔ)：(1) 由名詞、代詞(人稱(chēng)代詞要用賓格)、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、(賓語(yǔ))從句充當(dāng),表示動(dòng)作的承受者是“誰(shuí)”或者是“何物”。如： The angel also came to Joseph and told him the same thing.(那個(gè)天使同樣來(lái)到約瑟夫面前并且告訴他同樣的事情。)(代詞和名詞充當(dāng)兩個(gè)賓語(yǔ)) He told me that th

21、e company could not afford to pay him so much money.(他告訴我說(shuō)公司付不起他那么多的錢(qián)。)(不定式作賓語(yǔ)) They enjoy watching football games so much that they often forget their lessons.(他們?nèi)绱讼矏?ài)看足球以至于常常忘記了他們的功課。)(動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ))I think to be a childrens doctor is very good.(我認(rèn)為當(dāng)個(gè)兒童醫(yī)生是很好的。)(從句作賓語(yǔ)) (2) 只有及物動(dòng)詞或介詞才有賓語(yǔ),不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有賓語(yǔ),如果涉及到事物,則

22、必須在不及物動(dòng)詞后面加合適的介詞。Listen to the radio. (listen不是及物動(dòng)詞,故加to。) Can you hear anything exciting?(你能聽(tīng)到什么令人興奮的消息嗎？) (3) 賓語(yǔ)一般放在及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的后面,但是在疑問(wèn)句中,如果賓語(yǔ)是疑問(wèn)詞,則賓語(yǔ)要放在句首。介詞的賓語(yǔ)如果是疑問(wèn)詞,則可以放在介詞后或句首。如：What did he see? (他看見(jiàn)了什么？) What does he write a letter with? (他用什么寫(xiě)的信？) With what does he write a letter? (他用什么寫(xiě)的信？)(4)

23、“動(dòng)詞+副詞+賓語(yǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語(yǔ)是代詞,則代詞必須放在“動(dòng)”“副”之間。如：Please put the shoes away. (請(qǐng)把鞋子收起來(lái)。) Please put away the shoes. (請(qǐng)把鞋子收起來(lái)。) Please put them away. (請(qǐng)把它們收起來(lái)。)(5) 動(dòng)詞后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以采用兩種結(jié)構(gòu)： 動(dòng)詞+間接賓語(yǔ)(人)+直接賓語(yǔ)(物)。如：He often gives me some help. (他常常幫我。)動(dòng)詞+直接賓語(yǔ)+介詞+間接賓語(yǔ)。注意,一般情況介詞用to(take, bring, give, hand, lend ),但動(dòng)詞是do, pa

24、y, sing, make, buy,時(shí),介詞用for, borrow, hear介詞與from如： Please make me a kite. (請(qǐng)給我做個(gè)風(fēng)箏。)或Please make a kite for me.(6) 在“動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+賓補(bǔ)”結(jié)構(gòu)中,如果賓語(yǔ)是不定式、動(dòng)名詞、賓語(yǔ)從句,則常用it做形式賓語(yǔ),而將實(shí)際的賓語(yǔ)移到補(bǔ)語(yǔ)后面去。如：I found the job rather difficult. (我發(fā)覺(jué)這個(gè)工作相當(dāng)難做。) I found it rather difficult to do the job.4、表語(yǔ)：(1) 說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的身份、性質(zhì)、狀況等含義的成分,通常由形

25、容詞、副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、名詞、代詞等充當(dāng)如：He became a doctor after he left high school.(高中畢業(yè)他當(dāng)上了醫(yī)生。) The rubber wheels are over there.(橡膠輪子在那邊。)He does not feel like eating anything today because he has caught a bad cold.(他今天不想吃任何東西因?yàn)樗昧酥馗忻啊? Who is it?(誰(shuí)呀？)(2) 表語(yǔ)只能放在連系動(dòng)詞(如：be, look, taste, smell, sound , become, turn ,

26、get, grow, feel, seem) 之后,對(duì)表語(yǔ)進(jìn)行提問(wèn)的句子除外。 (3) 代詞做表語(yǔ)一般用主格,口語(yǔ)中常用賓。如：Its I. (Its me.)是我。(4) 只能作表語(yǔ)的形容詞有：sorry, afraid, alone, asleep, awake, ill, well, sure, interested等等。He was terribly sorry for his carelessness.(他很為他的粗心而歉疚。) Please make no noise here; the baby is asleep.(請(qǐng)不要發(fā)出響動(dòng),嬰兒正熟睡呢。) I am only inte

27、rested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all!(我只是對(duì)獨(dú)坐孤舟無(wú)所事事感興趣。) I am not alone in thinking so.(并非只有我才這樣想的。)5、定語(yǔ)：句子的定語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾名詞或代詞。形容詞、代詞、形容詞性物主代詞、數(shù)詞、名詞、不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、從句等均可作定語(yǔ)。定語(yǔ)修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語(yǔ)里的的)1. 形容詞作定語(yǔ)(一般放在被修飾語(yǔ)之前,修飾不定代詞時(shí)放在后面) They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you.2. 名詞

28、作定語(yǔ): Is it a color film?名詞作定語(yǔ)一般用單數(shù)形式, 如:school bus,ticket office, paper flowers但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shopman 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定語(yǔ),如: men drivers , women doctors3. 代詞作定語(yǔ): This song is better than that one.4. 數(shù)詞作定語(yǔ): There are only thirty students in our class.帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞.當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號(hào)

29、連接時(shí),其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy5. 介詞短語(yǔ)作定語(yǔ)(放在被修飾詞之后):The students in our class like swimming.例如：I have a black cat.The man over there is my father.My cat is white and yours is black.注意：當(dāng)形容詞修飾不定代詞something, anything, everything, nothing作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，要放在不定代詞的后面。 6、狀語(yǔ)：句子的狀語(yǔ)用來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞或副詞，表示

30、動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的、方式、原因、程度、方式等，通常由副詞、介詞、介詞短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞、動(dòng)詞不定式以及從句來(lái)充當(dāng)。例如：Wang Fang was doing her homework carefully.He ran the fastest in the first group.1. 副詞作狀語(yǔ): The old man is walking slowly. 表方式 The boy is very clever. 表程度2. 介詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ): I have lived in Shanghai for five years. 表時(shí)間3. 不定式作狀語(yǔ) I come here to see you

31、. 表目的4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語(yǔ) The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand. 表方式5. 狀語(yǔ)從句 Well go shopping if it doesnt rain tomorrow.注意： 多個(gè)狀語(yǔ)相連時(shí),一般先單詞、后短語(yǔ),先地點(diǎn)、后時(shí)間,先小概念、后大概念。如：He went ouf of the room at a quarter to 23:00 last night and then disappeared into the dark.(他昨夜22點(diǎn)3刻從房間里出來(lái),然后消失在黑暗之中。) 狀語(yǔ)的位置1. 在一般情況下,用于句

32、末。We like our school very much.2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ),可以把它放在句首.I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,用于行為動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后I usually get up early.He is often late.一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, sud

33、denly, certainly等用法相似兩個(gè)或多個(gè)狀語(yǔ)同時(shí)修飾時(shí)的順序1. 地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)在前, 時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)在后.We will have a meeting in Room 202 tomorrow.2. 較小單位的狀語(yǔ)在前,由小到大Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.3. 一個(gè)句子有幾個(gè)不同種類(lèi)的副詞作狀語(yǔ), 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點(diǎn)副詞, 時(shí)間副詞She sang very well at the meeting last night.時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)也可以位于句首, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫Usually I r

34、ead the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening. 7、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)： (1) 補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)的成分為賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ),常由名詞、形容詞、動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)形式(不定式、現(xiàn)在分詞、過(guò)去分詞等)、介詞短語(yǔ)等充當(dāng)。如：Call him Jim, please. (請(qǐng)叫他Jim。) I tried my best to make him happy. (我竭盡所能讓他開(kāi)心。) Ask her to come to dinner tomorrow. (請(qǐng)他明天來(lái)。) He let the smaller a

35、nimals bring food to him. (他讓小動(dòng)物們給他帶食物來(lái)。)(2) 部分表示位置、方向的副詞也可以作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。如：Let him in, I tell you! (我跟你說(shuō),讓他進(jìn)來(lái)！)Please put it away. (請(qǐng)把它收起來(lái)。)句子成分和詞性的關(guān)系句子成分句中的位置和詞性的基本關(guān)系主語(yǔ)句首名詞、代詞謂語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)后動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)后名詞、代詞表語(yǔ)系詞后形容詞定語(yǔ)詞做定語(yǔ)放被修飾部分前面，短語(yǔ)、句子放被修飾部分后面形容詞狀語(yǔ)靈活（句首、句中、句尾）副詞補(bǔ)語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)后名詞、形容詞等英語(yǔ)詞類(lèi)與句子成分關(guān)系圖： 句子成分 詞類(lèi)或短語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)*謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)*表語(yǔ)*定語(yǔ)*狀語(yǔ)*賓語(yǔ) 補(bǔ)足

36、語(yǔ)名詞××代詞×××形容詞××××數(shù)詞××動(dòng)詞時(shí)態(tài)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式××××××動(dòng)詞不定式×動(dòng)名詞×××動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞×××動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞×××副詞×××介詞短語(yǔ)××× 注釋 1、“”表示某種詞類(lèi)可以充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分, “”表示某種詞類(lèi)經(jīng)常充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分, “”表示某種詞類(lèi)最經(jīng)常充當(dāng)某個(gè)成

37、分。 “×”表示某種詞類(lèi)不能充當(dāng)某個(gè)成分。 2、“ * ”表示該成分可以由從句充當(dāng),如主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等。句子成分之間關(guān)系句子主干：主、謂、賓。 替補(bǔ)：定、狀、補(bǔ)。表語(yǔ)在系動(dòng)詞后注意：1. 主謂在人稱(chēng)、數(shù)方面保持一致。2. 定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)。3. 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)放在賓語(yǔ)后面，形式比較多。4. 狀語(yǔ)位置靈活，（可在句中、句首、句尾）you  cross  act  child  laugh4. The boy wants to be an _ just like Jackie Chan.5. To

38、ny, believe _ and you are sure to succeed.6. We couldnt help _ after we watched Zhao Benshans funny performance.7. You are supposed to look around when you walk _ the street.8. Chocolate is usually the _ favorite food.請(qǐng)根據(jù)句意，選用方框中合適的詞，并用其適當(dāng)形式填空，使句子通順，每詞限用一次。（2009年中考） choose excited close ninety sleep

39、 monkey him 1. The children clapped and screamed _ when they saw their favorite characters.2. Finally, we had no _ but to give up the plan before the enemies arrival.3. The talk was so boring that many of us felt _while listening to it. 4. After chatting on the Internet for a year, Dora and I get mu

40、ch_ to each other than before.5. Hi, Amy! I have passed my driving test! Congratulations! I hope Tom can pass _, too. 6. I saw five little _ jumping in the hill when I visited the zoo last month. 7. People in the _ of the last century liked to wear this kind of hairstyle. 簡(jiǎn)單句的五大句型 英語(yǔ)句子看上去成千上萬(wàn)，但認(rèn)真分析不

41、外乎五個(gè)基本句式。這五個(gè)基本句式可以演變多種復(fù)雜的英語(yǔ)句子。換言之，絕大多數(shù)英語(yǔ)句子都是由這五個(gè)基本句式生成的。這五個(gè)基本句式如下：簡(jiǎn)單句五種基本句型：只有一個(gè)主語(yǔ) (或并列主語(yǔ))和一個(gè)謂語(yǔ)(或并列謂語(yǔ))的句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。1. S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu)2. S十V主謂 結(jié)構(gòu)3. S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)4. S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)5. S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)說(shuō)明：S主語(yǔ)；V謂語(yǔ)；P表語(yǔ)；O賓語(yǔ)；O1間接賓語(yǔ)（指人）；O2直接賓語(yǔ)（指物）；C賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)S十V十P主系表結(jié)構(gòu) 這種句型稱(chēng)為主系表結(jié)構(gòu)，其實(shí)連系動(dòng)詞在形式上也是一種謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，但實(shí)質(zhì)上表語(yǔ)成了謂語(yǔ)，常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有：be(是), ge

42、t(變得), become(成為), turn(變得), look(看起來(lái)), feel(感到), smell(聞起來(lái)), taste(嘗起來(lái)), sound(聽(tīng)起來(lái)), seem(似乎) 等。如： He became a famous doctor. S V P他成為了一名著名的醫(yī)生。 The apple pie tastes really delicious. S V P蘋(píng)果派吃起來(lái)真是好吃。 S十V主謂 結(jié)構(gòu) 這種句型簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為主謂結(jié)構(gòu)，其謂語(yǔ)一般都是不及物動(dòng)詞， 如：The children are playing happily. S V孩子們正在高興地玩。 S十V十O主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型

43、可稱(chēng)為主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)，它的謂語(yǔ)一般多是及物動(dòng)詞1)常用-ing形式, 而不用不定式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：enjoy, finish, feel like, consider, practice, keep, suggest, mind等。例如：She enjoys reading novels and swimming.I finished reading the book last night.2)常用不定式，而不用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞有：wish, hope, agree, plan, decide, refuse等。例如：Where do wish to sit?Tom agreed to l

44、end some money.3)有些及物動(dòng)詞既可用不定式，由可用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)，但意義不同。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：remember, forget等。例如：Please remember to post the letter for me.請(qǐng)記住替我發(fā)了這封信。I remember posting the letter.我記得那封信寄過(guò)了。 Stop的用法同上面的詞相仿，不過(guò)stop后面跟不定式不是作賓語(yǔ)，而是作狀語(yǔ)。試比較下列句子：He stopped to smoke. 他停下來(lái)吸煙。He stopped smoking. 他停止吸煙了。4)有些及物動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)，既可用不定式，又可用-in

45、g形式，意義基本相同。這類(lèi)動(dòng)詞常見(jiàn)的有：like, love, hate, begin, start, continue等。例如：I like to swim in summer.I like swimming in summer. 如：The Greens enjoy living in China. S V O格林一家喜歡住在中國(guó)。 S十V十O1十O2 主謂雙賓結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型中的及物動(dòng)詞后跟雙賓語(yǔ)，既指人的間接賓語(yǔ)和指物的直接賓語(yǔ)。也可以把間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，但要加介詞for或to。1) 及物動(dòng)詞之后跟有雙賓語(yǔ)，往往一個(gè)指人，一個(gè)指物。指人的為間接賓語(yǔ)，指物的為直接賓語(yǔ)。一般情況下，間

46、接賓語(yǔ)在前，直接賓語(yǔ)在后。如果要把間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，間接賓語(yǔ)前需加介詞。例如：Please pass me a cup of tea.= Please pass a cup of tea to me.Show me your new book, please. =Please show your new book to me. 2)把間接賓語(yǔ)放在直接賓語(yǔ)之后，間接賓前有時(shí)加介詞to, 有時(shí)加介詞for,這主要取決于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。一般在動(dòng)詞give, tell, sell, lend, show之后加to。在動(dòng)詞buy, make, get等之后加for。例如：Would you lend

47、me your dictionary, please? =Would you lend your dictionary to me, please?Toms mother bought him a pair of new shoes. =Toms mother bought a pair of new shoes for him.如： My aunt bought me a computer. S V O1 O2 = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨買(mǎi)給我一臺(tái)電腦。 S V O2 O1 I passed him the salt. S V O1 O2

48、= I passed the salt to him. S V O2 O1我把鹽遞給他。 S十V十O十C 主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)這種句型可簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為主謂賓補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)，其補(bǔ)語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)，與賓語(yǔ)一起即構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)1)及物動(dòng)詞指后跟有復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是賓語(yǔ)，一個(gè)是賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。例如：We call him Jack.Dont get your hands dirty. 2)在及物動(dòng)詞之后，用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表示的意思往往不同。用不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)指事情的全過(guò)程；用-ing形式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)指正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作的一部分。例如：I heard him sing

49、that song. (我聽(tīng)他唱過(guò)那首歌。)When I came back, I heard him singing in the room.(我回來(lái)時(shí)，聽(tīng)見(jiàn)他正在房間里唱歌。)3)在感官動(dòng)詞see, hear, feel, watch, listen to, look at使役動(dòng)詞let, make, have等的復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)種，不定式須省去to。但變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)句時(shí)，省去的to要加上。例如：I saw him go into the room. He was seen to go into the room.如：We must keep our school clean. S V O C我們必須保

50、持我們的學(xué)校清潔。注意：有時(shí)兩個(gè)或更多的并列主語(yǔ)擁有一個(gè)共同的謂語(yǔ)，甚至并列有兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)和兩個(gè)謂語(yǔ)，這樣的句子仍然是簡(jiǎn)單句，例： China and other countries in the east Asia are developing rapidly.中國(guó)和東亞其它國(guó)家正在迅速地發(fā)展。（China and other countries并列主語(yǔ)） Mr. Wang and I often work together and help each other.王先生和我常在一起工作互相幫助。 搭配課堂訓(xùn)練題劃分下列句子的成分。1. I often hear him sing this so

51、ng.2. Someone was heard to come up the stairs.3. Jims box is the heaviest of all.4. I received some Christmas cards from my pen pals.5. It is impossible to improve our English without enough exercise.例題3：劃分句子的類(lèi)型與成分。1. To be a teacher is my dream.2. The leaves turn yellow in autumn.3. He comes from A

52、merica. 4 .The eggs smell bad.5. He is listening.6. Things always change.7. She gave me her telephone number.8. She cooked a delicious meal for us.9. They call their daughter Mary.10. I saw her chatting with Jane.做句型結(jié)構(gòu)的翻譯練習(xí)。1. 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)他昨天回家很晚。2. 主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)他們成功地完成了計(jì)劃。3. 主系表結(jié)構(gòu)十五歲他就成為有名的鋼琴家了。4. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+雙賓語(yǔ)（直接賓語(yǔ)+間

53、接賓語(yǔ)或間接賓語(yǔ)+直接賓語(yǔ)）這個(gè)學(xué)期我已經(jīng)給父母寫(xiě)過(guò)三封信了。5. 主語(yǔ)+謂語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)我們要使學(xué)校變得更美麗了。劃分下列句子的成分。（B類(lèi)）1. They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.2. The man downstairs was having lunch.3. I like them to read newspapers and books in the library.4. With a book under her arm, the teacher came in.5. My mother bought me a red coat.

54、判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)。（B類(lèi)）1. Classes begin at eight every day.2. You must finish reading these books in two days.3. In winter, the days are short and the nights are long.4. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.5. He asked us to join in the game. 翻譯以下句子并且判斷句子結(jié)構(gòu)。（C類(lèi)）1. 他的夢(mèng)想是成為一名教師。2. 今天早晨她交了家庭作業(yè)。3. 昨晚你睡的好嗎？4. Tim 給我們看了他的漂亮的T恤衫。5. 爸爸給我買(mǎi)了一塊新表。