江蘇高考英語真題任務型閱讀

1、2013江蘇卷第四部分：任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。Quiet Virtue: The ConscientiousThe everyday signs of conscientiousness (認真盡責)being punctual, careful in doing work, self-disciplined, and scrupulous (一絲不茍的) in attending to responsibilitiesare

2、 typical characteristics of the model organizational citizen, the people who keep things running as they should. They follow the rules, help out, and are concerned about the people they work with. Its the conscientious worker who helps newcomers or updates people who return after an absence, who get

3、s to work on time and never abuses sick leaves, who always gets things done on deadline.Conscientiousness is a key to success in any field. In studies of job performance, outstanding effectiveness for almost all jobs, from semi-skilled labor to sales and management, depends on conscientiousness. It

4、is particularly important for outstanding performance in jobs at the lower levels of an organization: the secretary whose message taking is perfect, the delivery truck driver who is always on time.Among sales representatives for a large American car manufacturer, those who were most conscientious ha

5、d the largest volume of sales. Conscientiousness also offers a buffer (緩沖) against the threat of job loss in todays constantly changing market, because employees with this quality are among the most valued. For the sales representatives, their level of conscientiousness mattered almost as much as th

6、eir sales in determining who stayed on.There is an air around highly conscientious people that makes them seem even better than they actually are. Their reputation for dependability influences managers evaluations of their work, giving them higher evaluations than objective measures of their perform

7、ance would predict.But conscientiousness in the absence of social skills can lead to problems. Since conscientious people demand so much of themselves, they can hold other people to their own standards, and so be overly judgmental when others dont show the same high levels of model behavior. Factory

8、 workers in Great Britain and the United States who were extremely conscientious, for example, tended to criticize co-workers even about failures that seemed unimportant to those they criticized, which damaged their relationships.When conscientiousness takes the form of living up to expectations, it

9、 can discourage creativity. In creative professions like art or advertising, openness to wild ideas and spontaneity (自發(fā)性) are scarce and in demand. Success in such occupations calls for a balance, however; without enough conscientiousness to follow through, people become mere dreamers, with nothing

10、to show for their imaginativeness.題型自主分析：1、原詞重現(xiàn)（信息查找）：2、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（信息加工）：3、提煉概括（信息歸納）： 2012江蘇卷第四部分: 任務型閱讀(共10 小題;每小題1 分,滿分10 分)請認真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意:請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。每個空格只填一個單詞。 Happiness Advantage” EffectIn July 2010 Burts Bees, a personal-care products company, was going through en

11、ormous change as it began a global expansion into 19 new countries. In this kind of high-pressure situation, many leaders bother their assistants with frequent meetings or flood their in-boxes with urgent demands. In doing so, managers lift everyones anxiety level, which activates the part of the br

12、ain that processes threats and steals resources from the prefrontal cortex(大腦皮層), which is responsible for effective problem solving.Burts Beess then-CEO, John Wolfgang, took a different approach. Each day, hed send out an e-mail praising a team member for work related to global marketing. Hed inter

13、rupt his own presentations to remind his managers to talk with their teams about the companys values. He asked me to further a three-hour session with employees on happiness in the course of the expansion effort. As one member of the senior team told me a year later, Wolfgangs emphasis on developing

14、 positive leadership kept his managers actively involved and loyal as they successfully transformed the company into a global one.That outcome shouldn't surprise us. Research shows that when people work with a positive mind-set(思維模式), performance on nearly every level- productivity, creativity,

15、involvement-improves. Yet happiness is perhaps the most misunderstood driver of performance. For one, most people believe that success comes before happiness. “Once I get a promotion, Ill be happy,” they think. Or, “Once I hit sales targe, Ill feel great.” But because success is a moving targetas so

16、on as you hit your target, you raise it again - the happiness that results from success does not last long. In fact, it works the other way around: People who have a positive mind-set perform better in the face of challenge. I call this the “happiness advantage” every business outcome shows improvem

17、ent when the brain is positive. I've observed this effect in my role as a researcher and lecturer in 48 countries on the connection between employee happiness and success. And Im not alone: In an analysis of 225 academic studies, researchers found strong evidence of cause-and-effect relationship

18、 between life satisfaction and successful business outcomes.Another common misunderstanding is that our genetics, our environment, or a combination of the two determines how happy we are. To be sure, both factors have an impact. But ones general sense of well-being is surprisingly unstable. The habi

19、ts you form, the way you interact with colleagues, how you think about stress-all these can be managed to increase your happiness and your chances of success.題型自主分析：1、原詞重現(xiàn)（信息查找）：2、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（信息加工）：3、提煉概括（信息歸納）： 2011江蘇卷第四部分：任務型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線

20、上。每個空格只填1個單詞。When Should a Leader Apologize and When Not?Why Difficult?When we wrong someone we know, even not intentionally, we are generally expected to apologize so as to improve the situation. But when were acting as leaders, the circumstances are different. The act of apology is carried out not

21、 merely at the level of the individual but also at the level of the institution. It is a performance in which every expression matters and every word becomes part of the public record. Refusing to apologize can be smart, or it can be stupid. So, readiness to apologize can be seen as a sign of strong

22、 character or as a sign of weakness. A successful apology can turn hate into personal and organizational harmonywhile an apology that is too little, too late, or too obviously strategic can bring on individual and institutional ruin. What, then, is to be done? How can leaders decide if and when to a

23、pologize publicly?Why Now?The question of whether leaders should apologize publicly has never been more urgent. During the last decade or so, the United States in particular has developed an apology cultureapologies of all kinds and for all sorts of wrongdoings are made far more frequently than befo

24、re. More newspaper writers have written about the growing importance of public apologies. More articles, cartoons, advice columns, and radio and television programs have similarly dealt with the subject of private apologies.Why Bother?Why do we apologize? Why do we ever put ourselves in situations l

25、ikely to be difficult, embarrassing, and even risky? Leaders who apologize publicly could be an easy target. They are expected to appear strong and capable. And whenever they make public statements of any kind, their individual and institutional reputations are in danger. Clearly, then, leaders shou

26、ld not apologize often or lightly. For a leader to express apology, there needs to be a good, strong reason. Leaders will publicly apologize if and when they think the costs of doing so are lower than the costs of not doing so.Why Refuse?Why is it that leaders so often refuse to apologize, even when

27、 a public apology seems to be in order? Their reasons can be individual or institutional. Because leaders are public figures, their apologies are likely to be personally uncomfortable and even professionally risky. Leaders may also be afraid that the admission of a mistake will damage or destroy the

28、 organization for which they are responsible. There can be good reasons for hanging tough in tough situations, as we shall see, but it is a high-risk strategy.題型自主分析：1、原詞重現(xiàn)（信息查找）：2、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（信息加工）：3、提煉概括（信息歸納）： 2010江蘇卷第四部分：任務型閱讀(共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分)請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫

29、線上。每個空格只填1個單詞。For more than twenty years scientists have been seeking to understand the mystery of thesixth sense"of directionBy trying out ideas and solving problems one by one，they are now getting closer to one answerOne funny idea is that animals might have a built-in compass(指南針)Our earth i

30、tself is a big magnet(磁體)So a little magnetic needle that swings freely lines itself with the big earth magnet to point north and southWhen people discovered that idea about a thousand years ago and invented the compass，it allowed sailors to navigate (航海)on ocean voyages, even under cloudy skies.Act

31、ually the idea of the living compass came just from observing animals in nature Many birds migrate twice a year between their summer homes and winter homesSome of them fly for thousands of kilometers and mostly at nightExperiments have shown that some birds can recognize star patternsBut they can ke

32、ep on course even under cloudy skiesHow can they do that?A common bird that does not migrate but is great at finding its way home is the homing pigeonNot all pigeons can find their way homeThose that can are very good at it，and they have been widely studiedOne interesting experiment was to attach li

33、ttle magnets to the birds heads to block their magnetic sensejust as a loud radio can keep you from hearing a call to dinnerOn sunny days, that did not fool the pigeonsEvidently they can use the sun to tell which way they are goingBut on cloudy days，the pigeons with magnets could not find their wayI

34、t was as if the magnets had blocked their magnetic senseSimilar experiments with the same kind of results were done with honeybeesThese insects also seem to have a special sense of directionIn spite of the experiments，the idea of an animal compass seemed pretty extraordinaryHow would an animal get t

35、he magnetic stuff for a compass？An answer came from an unexpected sourceA scientist was studying bacteria that live in the mud of ponds and marshesHe found accidentally little rod-like bacteria that all swam together in one directionnorthFurther study showed that each little bacterium had a chain of

36、 dense particles inside，which proved magneticThe bacteria had made themselves into little magnets that could line up with the earths magnetThe big news was that a living thing，even a simple bacterium，can make magnetiteThat led to a search to see whether animals might have it. By using a special inst

37、rument called magnetometer，scientists were able to find magnetite in bees and birds，and even in fishIn each animal，except for the beethe magnetic stuff was always in or closer to the brainThusthe idea of a builtin animal compass began to seem reasonableThe Magnetic Sense The Living CompassPassage ou

38、tlineSupporting detailsThe existence of the earth magnet and the invention of the navigating compassOur earth is a big magnet and a little freely (71) magnetic needle lines itself with the earth magnet to point north and south.(72) on the idea above, the navigating compass was invented.The possibili

39、ty of birds built-in compasses One piece of evidence is the (73) of many birds between their summer homes and winter homes. Birds can recognize star patterns on clear nights and keep on course (74) under cloudy skies The (75) on pigeons and bees built-in compassesLittle magnets were tied to the pige

40、ons heads to (76) their magnetic sense.The pigeons magnetic sense seemed to be affected on (77) days.Similar things with the same results were done with bees.The (78) of the magnetic stuff for the animal compassLittle rod-like bacteria were found by chance to swim together in the direction of (79) .

41、Some animals had a chain of dense magnetic particles in or close to the (80) inside their bodies.題型自主分析：1、原詞重現(xiàn)（信息查找）：2、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（信息加工）：3、提煉概括（信息歸納）： 2009江蘇卷第四部分：任務型閱讀（共10小題；每小題l分，滿分l0分）請認真閱讀下列短文,并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填1個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應題號的橫線上。Communication PrinciplesHow you see yourself can

42、 make a great difference in how you communicate“Every individual exists in a continually changing world of experience of which he（or she）is the center”Many communication scholars and social scientists believe that people are products of how others treat them and of the messages others send themBut e

43、very day we experience the centrality of our selves in communicationA studentfor instance，may describe a conflict with a teacher as unfair treatment：“I know my teacher doesnt like the fact that I dont agree with his opinionsand thats why he gave me such a poor grade in that class”The teacher might s

44、ay the oppositeEach person may believe that he is correct and that the other persons view is wrongThe concept of self originates in communicationThrough verbal and nonverbal symbols, a child learns to accept roles in response to the expectations of othersYou establish self-image。The sort of person y

45、ou believe you are，by how others think of youPositive，negative，and neutral messages that you receive from others all play a role in determining who you areCommunication itself is probably best understood as a dialogue processOur understanding of communication comes from our interactions with other p

46、eopleIn a more obvious waycommunication involves others in the sense that a competent communicator considers what the other person needs and expects when selecting messages to shareSo，the communication begins with the self，as defined largely by others，and involves others，as defined largely by the se

47、lfCommunication Occurs almost every minute of your lifeIf you are not communicating with yourself（thinking，planning，reacting to the world around you），you are observing others and drawing inferences from their behaviorEven if the other person did not intend a message for youyou gather observations an

48、d draw specific conclusionsA person yawns and you believe that person is bored with your messageA second person looks away from you and you conclude that person is not listening to youA third person smiles（perhaps because of a memory of a joke he heard recently） and you believe that he is attracted

49、to youWe are continually picking up meanings from others behaviors and we are constantly providing behaviors that have communicative value for themMore often than not，you may have hurt someone accidentally and you may have tried to explain that you did not mean that. You may have told the other pers

50、on that you were sorry for your statementYou may have made a joke out of your rude statementNonetheless，your comment remains both in the mind of the other person and in your own mindYou cannot go back in time and erase your messages to othersCommunication cannot be reversed（倒退），nor can it be repeate

51、dWhen you tried to recreate the atmosphere，the conversation，and the setting，nothing seemed rightYour second experience with a similar setting and person made far different resultsParagraph outlineSupporting DetailsCommunication begins with the selfPeople are somewhat products of others treatment and

52、 messageswe are always（71） in communication with othersCommunication （72） othersExperiences of others help children learn to accept rolesMessages from others help you（73） who you areNeeds and（74） of others should be consideredCommunication（75） everywhereWe are communicating with ourselves by thinkin

53、g，planning and reacting to the outside worldWe are always（76） other people by observing even if they do not intend any message for youWe are constantly collecting meanings from others（77） We are constantly（78） meanings by what we doCommunication cannot be reversed nor repeatedYou may explain what yo

54、u have done，but you cannot（79） what remains in the other persons mindYon may redo the conversation，but you（80） achieve the same results題型自主分析：1、原詞重現(xiàn)（信息查找）：2、詞性轉(zhuǎn)換（信息加工）：3、提煉概括（信息歸納）： 2008江蘇卷第四部分：任務型閱讀(共小題，每小題分，滿分分)請認真閱讀下列短文，并根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容在文章后表格中的空格里填入一個最恰當?shù)膯卧~。注意：每個空格只填一個單詞。請將答案寫在答題卡上相應的橫線上。Teamwork is just

55、as important in science as it is on the playing field or in the gym. Scientific investigations (調(diào)查) are almost always carried out by teams of people working together. Ideas are shared, experiences are designed, data are analyzed, and results are evaluated and shared with other investigators. Group w

56、ork is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.Several times throughout the year you may be asked to work with one or more of your classmates. Whatever the task your group is assigned, a few rules need to be followed to ensure a productive and successful experience.What comes fi

57、rst is to keep an open mind, because everyones ideas deserve consideration and each group member can make his or her own contribution. Secondly, it makes a job easier to divide the group task among all group members. Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths. Thirdly, always work together, take turns, and encourage each other by listening, clarifying, and trusting one another. Mutual support and trust often make a great difference.