自考 英語(一) 筆記 9

1、Text A learned words and popular words本課主要單詞1. learned adj. 有學(xué)問的，博學(xué)的；學(xué)術(shù)上的這個(gè)單詞做形容詞用時(shí)有兩種讀音，一是 ，另一個(gè)是 或 .讀 時(shí)，意思是“有學(xué)問的，博學(xué)的；學(xué)術(shù)上的”；讀 或 時(shí)，意思是“經(jīng)過訓(xùn)練學(xué)到的”。a learned man （學(xué)者）a learned discussion （學(xué)術(shù)討論）a learned doctor （醫(yī)道高明的醫(yī)生）a learned journal （學(xué)術(shù)刊物）a learned response 后天的反應(yīng)（指非天生的）He was learned in the ways of t

2、he words. （他深通人情世故。）2. cultivated adj. 耕種的；栽培的；有修養(yǎng)的cultivate v. 耕種；種植；培養(yǎng)；陶冶；建立；教化cultivation n 耕種；栽培；培養(yǎng)；修養(yǎng)。1）The farmer was busy cultivating the land when I found him. （我找到那位農(nóng)民時(shí)，他正忙著耕地。）2）His father cultivated a farm of 80 acres. （他父親耕種一個(gè)80英畝地的農(nóng)場(chǎng)。）3）Extensive reading can cultivate your mind. （廣泛閱讀能陶

3、冶你的心性。）4）He tried hard to cultivate good relations with his colleagues. （他努力與同事們建立良好關(guān)系。）5）He is a very cultivated young man. （他是一個(gè)非常有教養(yǎng)的年輕人。） 6）Her cultivated voice was pleasing to the audience. （她文雅的說話嗓音很悅耳。）7）He just cant understand why they allowed the land to go out of cultivation.（他就是不理解他們?yōu)槭裁慈瓮?/p>

4、地荒蕪。）8）The cultivation of good manners will be very helpful to his future.（禮貌習(xí)慣的養(yǎng)成對(duì)他的未來將有很大的幫助。）9）He is a man of charm and cultivation. （他既有魅力又有教養(yǎng)。）3.concern n. 關(guān)心；關(guān)系；關(guān)聯(lián) v.涉及，有關(guān)于；使關(guān)心，使掛念1） This matter is no concern of yours. （這件事跟你毫無關(guān)系。）2） I dont think it is my concern， go and ask the manager， pleas

5、e. （這事跟我沒關(guān)系，請(qǐng)去問經(jīng)理。）3） We felt concern for （或over） your health. （我們?yōu)槟愕慕】祿?dān)心。）4） He is said to have been concerned in the crime. （據(jù)說他與這起犯罪事件有關(guān)。）5） The energy problem concerns us all. （能源問題關(guān)系到我們每個(gè)人。）6） The babys poor health concerned his parents. （孩子身體不好使父母擔(dān)憂。）concern oneself in sth 關(guān)心concern oneself wi

6、th （about， over， in） 忙于concern oneself about （for） 擔(dān)憂have no concern with 與無關(guān)to whom it may concern （用作正式信件的開頭）敬啟者concerned adj. 擔(dān)憂的，不安的；有關(guān)聯(lián)的；關(guān)心的1） We are concerned about （at， over） world peace. （我們關(guān)心世界和平。）2） He spoke to the people concerned. （他對(duì)有關(guān)的人講了話。）3） We are not concerned with who is right or

7、wrong. （我們對(duì)誰是誰非不感興趣。）4） As far as ability is concerned， he is the best candidate. （就能力而言，他是最佳人選。）concerning prep. 關(guān)于1）This is a proposal concerning child health. （這是一項(xiàng)關(guān)于兒童健康的建議。）2）Please inform me concerning this matter. （請(qǐng)把關(guān)于這件事的情況告訴我。）4.possession n. 所有，擁有possess v. 擁有；具有；掌握；耐?。ㄐ宰樱?）The possession

8、 of a degree does not guarantee you a job. （有學(xué)位不一定保證能找到工作。）2）When his father died， he came into possession of a large ranch. （他父親去世后，他繼承了一個(gè)大牧場(chǎng)。）3）He was a poor man with few possessions. （他是個(gè)沒有什么財(cái)產(chǎn)的窮人。）4）The old house is now in his possession. （這所老房子現(xiàn)在歸他所有。）5） The old lady is in possession of some go

9、ld coins. （那位老太太擁有一些金幣。）6） How much money does he possess？ （他有多少錢？）7） He told us that he possessed a little French. （他對(duì)我們說他懂一點(diǎn)法語。）8） He possessed his temper despite the insult. （盡管受到了侮辱，他還是按捺住怒氣。）5.occasion n. 時(shí)刻；場(chǎng)合；時(shí)機(jī) occasional adj. 偶爾的，偶然的occasionally adv. 偶然地1） Weve met each other on more than o

10、ne occasion. （我們已經(jīng)不止一次地見過。）2） He wanted to give people a good impression on this special occasion.（他想在這個(gè)特別的場(chǎng)合給人們留下好印象。）3）The weather was good except for an occasional shower. （除了偶爾有陣雨外，天氣很好。）4）They go into town occasionally. （他們偶爾進(jìn)城。）6.acquaintance n. 相識(shí)；了解；熟人acquaint v. 使認(rèn)識(shí)；了解1）I had some acquainta

11、nce with this subject. （對(duì)這一課題我曾有所了解。）2）He has many acquaintances. （他交游甚廣。）3）Its necessary to acquaint Western readers with recent happenings in China.（向西方讀者介紹中國最近的動(dòng)態(tài)很有必要。）4）She decided to acquaint herself with every aspect of the question.（她決定使自己對(duì)這個(gè)問題的每一個(gè)方面都了如指掌。）5）We were acquainted with each year

12、several years ago. （我們幾年前就相互認(rèn)識(shí)了。）7.formal adj. 正式的；形式的；禮儀上的informal adj. 非正式的；不拘禮節(jié)的formally adv. 正式地1） They wrote a formal letter of thanks. （他們寫了一封正式的感謝信。）2） He received formal training in music when he was only 6. （他六歲時(shí)就接受了正規(guī)的音樂訓(xùn)練。）3）Its not appropriate to wear informal clothes on formal occasions

13、. （在正式場(chǎng)合穿便裝不合適。）4）Discussions were formally opened in David Camp last week. （討論上周在戴維營正式開始。）8.elevated adj. 提高的；高貴的，莊嚴(yán)的elevate v. 提高；提升elevation n. 高度；提升；崇高elevator n. 起重工人；電梯1）She considers herself too elevated to eat in a fast-food restaurant. （她自視過高，不愿在快餐店用餐。）2）He spoke in an elevated tone. （他用莊嚴(yán)的

14、語氣講著。）3）He was elevated to a higher rank. （他晉了級(jí)。）4）They worked hard to elevate the living standards. （他們努力工作以提高生活水平。）5）He was overjoyed at his elevation to the position of general manager. （他因晉升為總經(jīng)理而欣喜萬分。）6）They are flying at an elevation of 8000 feet. （他們正在8000英尺高空飛行。）7）You can take an elevator to

15、the 18th floor. （你可以乘電梯去十八樓。）9.style n. 風(fēng)格；文體；式樣1） They sell hats in all sizes and styles. （他們出售各種式樣和尺寸的帽子。）2） He changed his style of painting when he returned from Paris. （他從巴黎回來后就改變了畫風(fēng)。）3） Sincerity and simplicity are his style. （真摯和簡練是他的文體。）come into style （開始流行）be in style （在流行中）be out of style

16、 （不再流行）10.case n. 情況，事實(shí)；病例，案例；箱子，盒子1）He thought the more time he spent on his lessons， the better performance he would make. But now he realizes it is not the case. （他原以為花在功課上的時(shí)間越多，成績就越好，現(xiàn)在他認(rèn)識(shí)到情況并非如此。）2）If thats the case youll have to work harder. （如果真是那樣，你得更加努力。）3）Dont worry too much about it， it i

17、s a light case of flu. （別擔(dān)心，只是輕度流感。）4）The police are studying the murder case. （警察正在研究這起謀殺案。）a case in point （恰當(dāng)?shù)睦樱゛ case of honor （榮譽(yù)攸關(guān)的問題）a civil （criminal） case （民事/刑事訴訟）a case of life and death （生死攸關(guān)的事情）a hard case （棘手的事情）in any case （無論如何）in case （假使；以防）in the case of （就來說）just in case （以防萬一）1

18、1.popularity n. 普及，流行；名望，受歡迎popular adj. 普遍的；多數(shù)人喜愛的；大眾的 1）He was amazed at the popularity of table-tennis when he first came to China.（他第一次來中國時(shí)驚異于乒乓球運(yùn)動(dòng)的普及。）2）The new president achieved great popularity. （新任總統(tǒng)深得人心。）3）Books on popular science are selling well. （科普書籍銷得很好。）4）He is popular among young st

19、udents. （他深受青年學(xué)生的歡迎。）12.classification n. 分類；分級(jí)classify v. 把分類1）There are different opinions about the classification of a particular word.（對(duì)某一特定的詞的分類有不同的看法。）2）They classified the books according to their contents. （他們根據(jù)內(nèi)容把圖書分了類。）在英語中有不少以-fy為后綴的動(dòng)詞，其名詞形式常以-ation為后綴，如：purify-purificationqualify-qualif

20、icationsimplify-simplificationidentify-identification13.convenient adj. 方便的inconvenient adj. 不方便的convenience n. 方便1）If it is convenient for you， please inform me of the case as soon as possible.（如果于你方便的話，請(qǐng)把案情盡早告訴我。）2）Your visit caused him great inconvenience. （你的來訪給他帶來極大的不便。）3）I appreciate the conve

21、nience of living near the office. （我喜歡住處離辦公室近這點(diǎn)方便。）14.avoid v. 避免，避開1）You should avoid being late for the meeting. （ 你應(yīng)該避免開會(huì)遲到。）2）We should avoid making the same mistake. （我們應(yīng)該避免犯同樣的錯(cuò)誤。）15.presence n. 出席，到場(chǎng)present adj. 出席的；當(dāng)前的 n. 禮物 v. 呈獻(xiàn)；送1） We shall be greatly honored to have your presence. （你如能出席

22、，我們將榮幸之至。）2） He felt shy to speak in the presence of a large audience. （在眾多人前講話他感到難為情。）3） All the students are present today. （今天，所有的學(xué)生都到堂了。）4） He is talking about the present situation. （他正在談當(dāng)前的形勢(shì)。）5） Hes father gave him a lovely birthday present. （父親給了他一個(gè)可愛的生日禮物。）6） He presented his teacher with a

23、 book he wrote. （他送給老師一本自己寫的書。）本課主要詞綴Affixation （詞綴法）1.形容詞后綴-ed （多接于名詞之后，表示“具有”，“充滿”的意思）learned， cultivated， educated， elevated2. 名詞后綴-ion，-ationpossession， classification， misconception， cultivation3. 名詞后綴-anceacquaintance， importance本課簡介在learned words and popular words這篇課文中，對(duì)學(xué)術(shù)詞匯和普通詞匯進(jìn)行了定義。講述了兩類詞匯

24、之間的差異，并且指出把詞分為學(xué)術(shù)的和普通的方便而且有道理。但是人們必須注意，把普通詞匯理解為屬于大眾所有的詞，而不是某個(gè)特定階層的人們所擁有的東西。學(xué)術(shù)詞匯也并非有學(xué)問之人專用，只是它的存在是由于書籍和文學(xué)的培養(yǎng)而不是日常會(huì)話的實(shí)際需要。本課主要語言點(diǎn) 1. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which， taken together， make up the whole vocabulary.class在本句中的意思是“種類”，相當(dāng)于type， category.如：1）It is very d

25、ifficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.A large number of students have passed the exam （許多學(xué)生已經(jīng)通過了考試）2）They paid a large amount of money for the house （他們付了一大筆錢買了這座房子）6.Their meanings are known to every educated person， but there is little occasion to use them at homeoccasion 通?？梢宰隹?/p>

26、數(shù)名詞用，意思是“時(shí)刻、場(chǎng)合”；也可以做不可數(shù)名詞用，意思是：“必要性、需要；機(jī)會(huì)”。如：1）Theyre met on several occasions （他們已相遇過好幾次）2）They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。（有時(shí)候你會(huì)覺得說“再見”很難。）3）I dont remember I had occasion to blame him （我不記得我有責(zé)備他的必要）7.In the latter， we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly

27、the same meaning在前一句中用了“in the first case，” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .對(duì)兩件事分別進(jìn)行表述時(shí)，可以用in the first case， in the latter case 這一類詞，條理非常清楚，也可以用the former，the latter 來表述。derivation 是derive 的名詞形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁語詞源的詞”，請(qǐng)看例句：1）These words are derived from Latin （這些詞由拉丁語派生而來）2）The der

28、ivation of words is interesting （詞的派生很有意思）8. The terms “popular” and “l(fā)earned”， as applied to words， are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“術(shù)語、名稱”，如：1） I dont know how to put this term into Chinese （我不知道如何把這一術(shù)語譯成中文）2） Writer is hardly the term to apply to him （“作家”這一名稱很難用在他身上）term 還有“期限；任期；學(xué)期”的意思，

29、如：1）During his 4-year term of office， he did a lot of things for the common people.（在他四年的任職期間，他為普通百姓做了不少事。）2） He decided to rum for a second term （他決定競(jìng)選連任。）3） The autumn term is coming to an end （秋學(xué)期快要結(jié)束了。）apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”，如：1）This rule applies to upper class students only （這條規(guī)則只適用于高年級(jí)學(xué)生。）2）I do

30、nt think what he says applies to you （我想他的話對(duì)你不適用）3）They are eager to apply the theory to practice （他們急切地想把這一理論用于實(shí)踐）apply for 則是“申請(qǐng)”的意思，如：1）How many people have applied for the job？（有多少人申請(qǐng)了這個(gè)工作？）2）They applied for permission to use the tennis court （他們申請(qǐng)使用網(wǎng)球場(chǎng)。）9. Still the classification into “l(fā)earne

31、d” and “popular” is convenient and sound .本句中的sound是形容詞，意思是“正確的；明智的”，如：1）He felt so happy that he had made a sound decision.（做了正確的決定，他感到很高興。）2）He was so carried away by power that he could not make any sound judgement（他被權(quán)力沖昏了頭腦，無法做出任何明智的判斷）請(qǐng)看下面幾個(gè)句子，注意sound 在句中的意思：1）He is sound in body and mind （他身心健

32、康）2）The house is sound .Dont hesitate to buy it （這所房了完好無損，別猶豫，買下它）3）The baby is having a sound sleep.（寶寶在酣睡）4）Father gave him a sound beating.（父親給他一頓痛打）10.When we call a word “l(fā)earned” we dont mean that it is used by learned persons alone， but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is du

33、e to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary peoplenot （that）。but （that）。意思“不是。而是?！比纾?）I came here again not because I enjoy the scenery so much but because I like the people .（我又來這兒，不是因?yàn)槲叶嘞矚g這兒的景色，而是我愛這兒的人們。）2）By calling him Shylock， I dont mean that he is

34、 named Shylock，but that he is as miserly as Shylock.（叫他夏洛克，我不是說他的名字叫夏洛克，而是說他像夏洛克一樣吝嗇。）due to 在句中的意思是“由于”，如：1）His failure was due to carelessness （他的失敗是由于粗心。）2）Due to lack of funds，they had to postpone the project.（由于缺少資金，他們不得不推遲計(jì)劃）rather than 在本句的意思是“不是而是”，“與其不如”1） He is a writer than a teacher （與其說

35、他是教師，不如說他是作家。）2）He lay rather than sit in the armchair （與其說他是坐在扶手椅上不如說是躺在里面。）本課主要詞組1.make up2.be familiar with3.learn from4.belong to5.at large6.on the other hand7.be knows to8.acquaintance with9.in a style10. be of importance11. in the first case12. in the latter （case）13. in print14. apply to15. c

36、ome up16. as to17. as a whole18. due to19. rather thanText B how should you build up your vocabulary？短語表達(dá)1. build up （建立；增強(qiáng)；增加）They worked hard to build up the friendship between the people in two countries.Get plenty of exercise every to build up your health.2. come across （穿過，出現(xiàn)；遇到）They came across the street to meet me.A good idea came across my mindWe are bound to come across difficulties， but we are determined to overcome them.3. look up （查閱）If there are words you dont understand， look t