Book6unit1虛擬語氣

1、Subjunctive Mood虛擬語氣虛擬語氣4 陳述語氣陳述語氣I went to the theatre yesterday.Jack hadnt come back home yet.4 祈祈使語氣使語氣Lets go.Dont touch anything on the table until the bell rings.一一. 語氣的分類語氣的分類4 虛擬語氣虛擬語氣If I were you,I would not leave her alone.Our teacher suggested that we go to the library this afternoon.條件條

2、件從句從句If 從句的謂語形從句的謂語形式式主句的謂語形式主句的謂語形式現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在過去過去未來未來過去式過去式 /(were)had donewould/could/should/might +V (原原)would/could/should/might +have done1.過去式過去式2. should+ V.(原原)3. were to dowould/could/should/might +V. (原原)一一. 虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的用法。 如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，我們就出去野餐了。如果現(xiàn)在不下雨的話，我們就出去野餐了。 If it were not r

3、aining, we should go for a picnic.如果他來這，他就能夠幫助你了。如果他來這，他就能夠幫助你了。If he came here, he might be able to help you. 要是當(dāng)初她被邀請的話，她就會去參要是當(dāng)初她被邀請的話，她就會去參加這次聚會了。加這次聚會了。 She would have gone to the party if she had been invited. 今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就今天早上，她要是不叫我的話，我就會睡過頭了。會睡過頭了。 If she hadnt called me, I would have ov

4、erslept this morning. 明年我要是二十歲，我就會學(xué)法語。明年我要是二十歲，我就會學(xué)法語。 If I were to be twenty years old next year, I would take the course of French. 要是失敗了，我會再試一次。要是失敗了，我會再試一次。If I should fail, I would try again.1.如果你早來5分鐘，你就趕上這趟車了。If you _ here five minutes earlier，you _ the bus .2.如果我現(xiàn)在不忙，我就來幫你了。If I _ not busy,

5、I _ you now.3.如果明天下雪了，我們怎么辦？What _ we do if it _tomorrow?had gotwerewould helpshould were to snowwould have caughtIf I _busy last night, I _ to see the film with you .had not beenwould have goneIf he more carefully, he the car accident yesterday. would not have had had driven If I _(know) your telep

6、hone number, I _ (telephone) you yesterday.had knownwould have telephoned 混合型的條件句混合型的條件句當(dāng)條件從句與主句所表的時間不一當(dāng)條件從句與主句所表的時間不一 致時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)致時，虛擬語氣的形式應(yīng)作相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。整。主句和從句的謂語動詞并不相互主句和從句的謂語動詞并不相互呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫混合條件句呼應(yīng)，這種條件句叫混合條件句。較。較多見的混合型條件句是多見的混合型條件句是從句用過去完從句用過去完成時（指過去行為），而主句用一般成時（指過去行為），而主句用一般時（指目前狀態(tài)）。時（指目前狀態(tài)）。如果他

7、聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會通過考試。如果他聽了我的勸告，他現(xiàn)在會通過考試。He would pass the test if he had taken my advice 假如昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎假如昨天我對他說了，現(xiàn)在我就知道該怎么辦了。么辦了。 If I had spoken to him yesterday, I should know what to do now. 假如我是你，我當(dāng)時就不會打破那杯子。假如我是你，我當(dāng)時就不會打破那杯子。 If I were you , I would not have broken the glass. 假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。假設(shè)條件虛擬倒裝。

8、條件從句中有條件從句中有should， were， had三個助動詞三個助動詞, 可以把可以把 if 省略，并將這省略，并將這三個詞提至句首。三個詞提至句首。1._he come, the problem would be settled.A would . B should . C shall . D if . 2. _, man could not live at all . A were it not for the sun . B if it was for the sun . C had it not been for the sun. D if it shouldnt be for

9、 the sun. 3._fired, your health care and other benefits will not be immediately cut off .A would you be . B should you be . C could you be . D might you be .二二. 虛擬語氣特殊句型虛擬語氣特殊句型:1. wish 的賓語的賓語從句從句現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在: 過去時（過去時（were）過去過去: 過去完成時過去完成時(had done)未來未來: would/could/might +V.(原原) should我現(xiàn)在要是年輕十歲就好了。I wish I

10、 were ten years younger now.我昨天要是遇見他就好了。I wish I had met him yesterday.我希望成為一名科學(xué)家。I wish I would be a scientist.2. would rather that現(xiàn)在現(xiàn)在:過去過去:未來未來: I would rather you paid me now. I would rather I hadnt come yesterday. I would rather you came tomorrow.過去時過去時過去時過去時過去完成時過去完成時3. as if /though + 從句從句 現(xiàn)在

11、現(xiàn)在：過去過去：過去時過去時過去完成時過去完成時 She loves the baby as if it were her own son. 他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。他們就像多年的朋友一樣交談。They talked as if they had been friends for years. 他看上去像是醉了。他看上去像是醉了。He looks as if he were drunk.4. Its (about/high) time +that過去時過去時(were)Should(不省不省) +V.你該走了。你該走了。Its high time that you went.Its hig

12、h time that you were going.Its high time that you should go.我們該去我們該去睡覺了。睡覺了。Its time that we went to bed.Its time that we should go to bed. 5. 表示要求表示要求,命令命令,建議的虛擬語氣。建議的虛擬語氣。使用使用should + 動詞原形動詞原形, 或者將或者將should省略。省略。常見動詞常見動詞: 一個堅持一個堅持, 兩個命令兩個命令, 四個建議四個建議, 四個要求。即四個要求。即1). insist 2). order, command 3).

13、advise, suggest, propose，recommend4). demand, require, request, desireI suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week.He insisted that he (should) be sent there.注意注意: 如如suggest, insist不表示不表示“建議建議” 或或“堅持要某人做某事時堅持要某人做某事時”, 即它們用于其即它們用于其本意本意“暗示、表明暗示、表明”、“堅持認為堅持認為”時時,賓賓語從句用陳述語氣。語從句用陳述語氣。1. The guard

14、at gate insisted that everybody _ (obey) the rules.2. He insisted that she _ (be)seriously ill and that _ (send) to hospital at once.obeywasbe sent3. He suggested that we _ (have) a meeting at once.4. His pale face suggested that he _ (be) ill.havewas以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句以上動詞相應(yīng)的名詞構(gòu)成的名詞性從句包括主語從句包括主語從句, 表

15、語從句和同位語也要表語從句和同位語也要使用虛擬語氣使用虛擬語氣, 從句中的動詞形式為從句中的動詞形式為(should）+動詞原形動詞原形order,command ,advice, suggestion, proposal, demand,request,requirement,desire6. Its necessary/strange/natural/ essential/vital/important/ a pity/no wonder/impossible + that 從句，從句，從句中從句中的動詞要用虛擬的動詞要用虛擬, 即即(should)+動詞原形動詞原形我們掌握一門外語是非常

16、重要的。我們掌握一門外語是非常重要的。It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language.很奇怪她竟然拒絕來參加聚會。很奇怪她竟然拒絕來參加聚會。 It is strange that she refuse to come to the party. 我們有必要努力學(xué)習(xí)Its necessary that we should study hard.7. 虛擬語氣用于虛擬語氣用于If only 引導(dǎo)的感嘆句引導(dǎo)的感嘆句中中, “要是要是就好了就好了”If only I were a flying bird!= How I wi

17、sh I were a flying bird!要是我看過那部電影就好了！要是我看過那部電影就好了！If only I had seen the film!=How I wish I had seen the film!8.含蓄型虛擬:有時為了表達的需要,在虛擬語氣中并不總是出現(xiàn)if引導(dǎo)的條件句,而通過其他手段來代替條件句.otherwise, or, without, but for I was ill that day . Otherwise ,I would have taken part in the sports meet.(副詞) He telephoned to inform m

18、e of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it .(連詞) Without sunlight, peoples life would be different from today. But for your help, I wouldnt have finished the work. 1.Bob would have helped us yesterday, but he_. (忙)2.（下雨）all day, otherwise we could have had a picnic.was busyIt rained

19、9.在含有在含有If it were not for或或If it had not been for 條件句的虛擬語條件句的虛擬語氣中。氣中。 If it were not for the rain , the crops would die.要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)要不是你的幫助，我們就不可能提前完成任務(wù)If it had not been for your help , we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.= But for your help= Without your help= Had it not been

20、 for your help,沒有你的幫助，我們就不會實驗成功。Without your help, we couldnt have succeeded in the experiment.要不是這場雨，我們就完成工作了。But for the rain, we would have finished the work.1.If there were no subjunctive mood , English_ much easier . A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 2.The rice _ if y

21、ou had been more careful .A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have been burnt D. would not burnt 3. You didnt let me drive . If we _in turn , you _so tired . A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving, wouldnt D. had driven ; wouldnt have got 4.I wish that you _.A

22、. get a good job B. will get a good job C. would get a good job D. have got a good job5. -Dont you want to go to a karaoke bar with us ? -I wish I _ , but I have an appointment . A. may B. could C. can D. should 6. -You _ have set aside more time to play with our kids . - I wish I _ , but you know h

23、ow busy I was .A. should; would B. could ; did C. might ; should D. should ; had 7. I cant send her an invitation . I wish I _ her new address . A. know B. will know C. have known D. knew8. - Would you like to work in my company ? - Sorry , Id rather _ here , but Id rather my brother _ to your compa

24、ny . A. staying ; goes B. to stay ; to go C. stay ; went D. to stay ; goes 9. -Did you blame him for his mistakes ? - Yes , but Id rather _ it . A. not do B. not to do C. have not done D. not have done 10. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water , it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has breaks C.

25、were broken D. had been broken11. The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years . A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 12. Its time we _ our meeting . A. must begin B. begin C. begun D. began 13.- Tommy , isnt it time you _ the school bus ?- Okay, I _ my breakfast .A. should c

26、atch; have almost finished B. catch ; will almost finishingC. caught ; am almost finishing D. will catch ; almost finish 14. Everybody has arrived . Its time we _ the meeting . A. would start B. had started C. shall start D. started 15. Franklin looked as though he _ ill for a long time . A. was B.

27、were C. had been D. has been 16. Kitty talks as if she _ on the spot . A.is B. were C. has been D. be 17. Your advice that she _ till next week is reasonable . A. will wait B. is going to wait C. waits D. wait 18.We demanded that he _ the bill by the end of this month . A. must pay B. pay C. paid D. had paid 19. It was required that each student _ enough food on the trip . A. bring B. brought C. would bring D. had better bring 20. Its one oclock in the mo