高中英語必修四 Unit3 A taste of English humour-語法篇（學(xué)生版）

1、.Unit3 A taste of English humour語法篇_要求學(xué)生掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)語法-動詞的-ing形式作表語，定語，賓語補(bǔ)足語并能純熟運(yùn)用相關(guān)語法知識解決相應(yīng)類型的題。一、動詞的-ing形式由“動詞原形+ing形式構(gòu)成，它既是如今分詞形式，也是動名詞形式。v-ing能在句中作主語、賓語、表語、定語、賓語補(bǔ)足語和狀語，但不能單獨(dú)作謂語。其時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的變化為時(shí)態(tài) 語態(tài)主動被動一般時(shí)doing being done完成時(shí)having donehaving been done二、1動詞-ing分為動名詞和如今分詞兩類。2動名詞兼有動詞和名詞的特征，可在句中充當(dāng)主語、賓語、表語和定語。

2、3如今分詞兼有動詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，可在句中充當(dāng)定語、表語、補(bǔ)語和狀語。三、動詞-ing作表語1.作表語的動詞-ing所表達(dá)的是名詞的特性，用于對主語的內(nèi)容進(jìn)展解釋說明，可表示抽象或習(xí)慣上的動作，且主語和表語可以換位。E.g. Her job is cleaning the building.她的工作是清掃樓房。2.作表語的如今分詞是形容詞性的，表示主語的性質(zhì)或特征，這時(shí)通常看作形容詞，且主語與表語不可換位。E.g. Though the job is boring，he has to do it to make a living.盡管這份工作無趣，為了謀生他也只好做。四、v.­

3、ing形式作定語1.動詞-ing作定語表示名詞的屬性或事物的用處時(shí)，一般只能作前置定語。E.g. Now he is waiting for you in the waiting room. 表示用處如今他在候診室里等著你。2.動詞-ing兼有動詞、形容詞和副詞的特征時(shí)，可以作前置定語具有動詞、形容詞的特征，也可以作后置定語兼有動詞、形容詞和副詞的特征，表示正在進(jìn)展的動作或某種狀態(tài)，單個(gè)動詞-ing作定語時(shí)，常放在所修飾的名詞之前；動詞-ing短語作定語時(shí)，常放在所修飾的名詞之后，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句。E.g. The girl standing there =The girl who is s

4、tanding there is my classmate.站在那里的女孩是我的同學(xué)。五、動詞-ing作補(bǔ)語1.動詞-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語常放在賓語后面，表示一個(gè)正在進(jìn)展的主動性的動作，強(qiáng)調(diào)一個(gè)過程或一種狀態(tài)。2.當(dāng)主句轉(zhuǎn)換為被動構(gòu)造時(shí)，原來作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞-ing形式便轉(zhuǎn)換為主語補(bǔ)足語。E.g. The boss kept the workers working the whole night. 賓語補(bǔ)足語那老板讓工人整夜地工作。E.g. The workers were kept working the whole night. 主語補(bǔ)足語1位于感官動詞后see，hear，feel，sme

5、ll，watch，find，notice等。E.g. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.我感到有人拍我的肩膀。2位于使役動詞后have，make，let，get，keep，set，catch等。E.g. He got the clock going again.他讓鐘表又走了起來。3用于with復(fù)合構(gòu)造中。E.g. With the light burning, he felt asleep.燈亮著，他睡著了。六、難點(diǎn)打破1.作表語的動詞ing形式，許多是由可以表示人們某種感情或情緒的動詞變化而來的，用來修飾物，常見的有：moving，int

6、eresting，encouraging，exciting，inspiring，boring，surprising，puzzling，amusing，astonishing，此類形容詞意為：令人的。E.g. The problem is puzzling, which easily makes people puzzled.這個(gè)問題是令人迷惑的，很容易讓人迷惑不解。2.see，hear，feel，watch等動詞之后用動詞-ing和動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語的區(qū)別。1動詞-ing作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示動作正在進(jìn)展；而動詞不定式作賓語補(bǔ)足語時(shí)，表示或強(qiáng)調(diào)動作從開場到完畢的全過程。E.g. When w

7、e passed the classroom, we saw a student playing the piano. 動作在進(jìn)展當(dāng)我們經(jīng)過教室時(shí)，我們看見一個(gè)學(xué)生在彈鋼琴。E.g. We watched our teacher make an experiment during yesterday's class. 動作全過程在昨天的課上，我們觀看老師做了一個(gè)實(shí)驗(yàn)。2假設(shè)用短暫性動詞的某個(gè)形式作賓語補(bǔ)足語，其不定式短語表示一個(gè)動作，而其-ing那么表示反復(fù)動作。E.g. We heard the door slam. 一次動作 我們聽見門“砰的一聲關(guān)上了。E.g. We heard

8、the door slamming. 反復(fù)動作 我們聽見了“砰砰砰的關(guān)門聲例1.2019江西吉安段考A few days after the interview, I received a letter _ me admission to the university.A. having offered B. offered C. to be offered D. offering例 2. The program was so fascinating that the children kept their eyes _on the screen.A.to fix B. to be fixed

9、 C. fixed D. fixing例3. 2019四川 The manager was satisfied to see many new products _ after great effort.A. having developed B. to develop C. developed D. develop 例4.2019北京There are still many problems _ before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.A. solving B. solved C. being solved D.to be solved

10、 例5. Volunteering gives you a chance lives, including your own.A. changeB. changing C. changedD. to change根底演練完成句子1.This is a _口頭協(xié)議.2.He can't put up with _老板對他的虐待.3.No one _滿足于 what he has.4.It will _嚇你一跳 to hear what I paid for this ring.5.He fell in the water, _逗得孩子們樂不可支.6.He is _不是個(gè)成功的藝術(shù)家,bu

11、t a success as an art teacher.6. _ injure in the leg made it impossible for him to walk his way home.7.I was late, but _幸運(yùn)地 the meeting hadn't started.8.He can't speak _滿滿一嘴食物.9.He looked _直接地 at me.10.He _挑選了一條領(lǐng)帶 to wear with his suit.穩(wěn)固進(jìn)步用動詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. As you know, seeing is _ believe.2._ ta

12、ke exercise does great good to your health.3. We saw the manager _ pick up the telephone and make a call.4. Look at the _ fly bird. It's nice!5. I want to buy a _ wash machine for my mother.6. To do that would be _ cut the foot to fit the shoe.7. We were all very _ surprise at the news. I found

13、it very _ surprise.8. He gave us an _ inspire speech. We were all _ inspire.完成句子1. I'm _; I don't mind what I wear. particular我對衣服不是很挑剔；我不介意穿什么。2. I _recently. occasion最近我經(jīng)常遇見她。3. He _ without anyone noticing. slide在沒有任何人注意的情況下，他溜進(jìn)了一個(gè)房間。4. He told some jokes _. amuse他說了一些笑話來逗樂那個(gè)在哭鬧的孩子。5. Whe

14、n the party ended, the whole room _. leave當(dāng)宴會完畢時(shí)，整個(gè)房間都亂七八糟。6. She _ about what she had heard. whisper她悄悄地給我說了她聽到的一些事。7. They _ by bursting into laughter.react對他說的笑話，他們回應(yīng)以大笑。8. _ that everyone could understand it. explanation他的解釋很清楚，每個(gè)人都可以理解。9. He _ that he couldn't drive home. drunk他醉得厲害，不能開車回家。

15、10. We _ yesterday. do我們本應(yīng)該昨天購物的。單項(xiàng)選擇1. Last night, there were millions of people the opening ceremony live on TV.A. watch B.to watch C. watched D. watching2. the course very difficult, she decided to move to a lower level.A. Find B. Finding C. To find D. Found3. We've had a good start, but next

16、, more work needs _ to achieve the final success. A. being done B. do C. to be done D. to do4. Toady there are more airplanes _ more people than ever before in the skies.A. carry B. carrying C. carried D. to be carrying 5. When we saw the road with snow, we decided to spend the holiday at home. A. b

17、lock B. to block C. blocking D. blocked_一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.2019福建卷 the past year as an exchange student in Hong Kong, Linda appears more mature than those of her age.A. Spending B. Spent C. Having spent D. To spend2.2019福建卷For those with family members far away, the personal computer and the phone are importan

18、t in staying_.A. connected B. connecting C. to connect D. to be connected3.2019湖南卷_your own needs and styles of communication is as important as learning to convey your affection and emotions.A. Understanding B. To be understood C. Being understood D. Having understood4.2019湖南卷There is no greater pl

19、easure than lying on my back in the middle of the grassland, _at the night sky.A. to stare B. staring C. stared D. having stared5.2019湖南卷 ourselves from the physical and mental tensions，we each need deep thoughtand inner quietness.A. Having freed B. Freed C. To free D. Freeing6.2019江蘇卷His lecture_,

20、a lively question-and-answer session followed.A. being given B. having givenC. to be given D. having been given7.2019江西卷 _nearly all our money , we couldnt afford to stay at a hotel .A. Having spent B. To spent C. Spent D. To have spent8.2019江西卷He is thought _foolishly .Now he has no one but himself

21、 to blame for losing the job .A. to act B. to have acted C. acting D. having acted9. A ship loaded with expensive goods was reported _ into the sea with its oil _ .A. to sink; given out B. to have sunk ; run outC. having sunk ; used up D. to have sunk ; run out of 10.2019山東卷There is a note pinned to the door_ when the shop will open again. A. saying B. says C. said D. having said 11.2019山東卷Its standard practice for a company like this one_ a security officer. A. employed B. being employed C. to employ D. employs 12.2019陜西卷12. Its quite hot today. Do you feel like _ for a swim