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1、洛陽理工學(xué)院畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)(論文)任務(wù)書填表時(shí)間: 2010年 4月 12 日 (指導(dǎo)教師填表)學(xué)生姓名高乾專業(yè)班級(jí)模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造指導(dǎo)教師穆欣課題類型工程設(shè)計(jì)題目底腳彎曲模具設(shè)計(jì)主要研究目標(biāo)(研究?jī)?nèi)容)1. 查閱有關(guān)模具設(shè)計(jì)方面的資料,翻譯與模具設(shè)計(jì)相關(guān)的英文文獻(xiàn)。2. 對(duì)工件進(jìn)行沖壓成型工藝分析,選擇合理的設(shè)計(jì)方案;3. 進(jìn)行必要的參數(shù)計(jì)算,確定出正確的設(shè)計(jì)參數(shù);4. 在計(jì)算正確的基礎(chǔ)上設(shè)計(jì)沖壓成型模具;5、撰寫出一份與自己設(shè)計(jì)相配套的設(shè)計(jì)說明書。課題要求、主要任務(wù)及數(shù)量(指圖紙規(guī)格、張數(shù),說明書頁數(shù)、論文字?jǐn)?shù)等)1. 1. 查閱有關(guān)模具設(shè)計(jì)方面的資料查閱有關(guān)模具方面的資料,查閱15篇以上與題目相

2、關(guān)的文獻(xiàn)。 2. 制定模具設(shè)計(jì)方案,繪制模具結(jié)構(gòu)圖、零件圖。要求正確選擇標(biāo)準(zhǔn)件和模具材料,零件尺寸設(shè)計(jì)正確,刃口尺寸計(jì)算正確,獨(dú)立完成不少于3. 張零號(hào)圖紙的結(jié)構(gòu)設(shè)計(jì)圖、裝配圖和零件圖,其中應(yīng)包含1張以上用計(jì)算機(jī)繪制的具有中等難度的1號(hào)圖紙,同時(shí)至少有折合1號(hào)圖幅以上的圖紙用手工繪制。 4. 撰寫設(shè)計(jì)說明書一份, 50008000字。進(jìn)度計(jì)劃1. 5-6周: 查閱資料;2. 7-8周: 制定方案,繪制草圖;3. 813周:完成所有圖紙和設(shè)計(jì)說明書;4. 1314周:修改圖紙和設(shè)計(jì)說明書,打印裝訂,答辯。主要參考文獻(xiàn)冷沖模具設(shè)計(jì)、 冷沖壓工藝及模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造、 冷沖模國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、 實(shí)用模具設(shè)計(jì)與制

3、造手冊(cè)、 冷沖壓模具結(jié)構(gòu)圖冊(cè)、 模具設(shè)計(jì)與制造簡(jiǎn)明手冊(cè)指導(dǎo)教師簽字 教研室主任簽字: 年 月 日 底腳彎曲模具設(shè)計(jì)摘 要沖壓模具在實(shí)際工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中應(yīng)用廣泛。在傳統(tǒng)的工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中,工人生產(chǎn)的勞動(dòng)強(qiáng)度大、勞動(dòng)量大,嚴(yán)重影響生產(chǎn)效率的提高。隨著當(dāng)今科技的發(fā)展, 工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中模具的使用已經(jīng)越來越引起人們的重視,而被大量應(yīng)用到工業(yè)生產(chǎn)中來。沖壓模具的自動(dòng)送料技術(shù)也投入到實(shí)際的生產(chǎn)中,沖壓模具可以大大的提高勞動(dòng)生產(chǎn)效率,減輕工人負(fù)擔(dān),具有重要的技術(shù)進(jìn)步意義和經(jīng)濟(jì)價(jià)值。 本文對(duì)冷沖壓技術(shù)的分類、特點(diǎn)及發(fā)展方向作了簡(jiǎn)略概述;論述了沖壓零件的形成原理、基本模具結(jié)構(gòu)與運(yùn)動(dòng)過程及其設(shè)計(jì)原理;對(duì)典型的沖壓件模具進(jìn)行了設(shè)計(jì):

4、底腳沖壓復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì)解決了四角形彎曲件的加工難題、帶有浮動(dòng)凸模的彎曲復(fù)合模設(shè)計(jì)、在室溫的條件下對(duì)坯件進(jìn)行沖壓成形,生產(chǎn)效率提高,經(jīng)濟(jì)效益顯著。本文介紹的模具實(shí)例結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)用,使用方便可靠,對(duì)類似工件的大批量生產(chǎn)具有一定的參考作用。關(guān)鍵詞:沖壓,模具,制造,模具設(shè)計(jì),彎曲 THE DESIGN OF BENDING DIE FOR THE FEETABSTRACTPunching die has been widely used in industrial production.In the traditional industrial production,the worker work ver

5、y hard,and there are too much work,so the efficiency is low.With the development of the science and technology nowadays,the use of punching die in the industial production gain more attention, and be used in the industrial production more and more.Self-acting feed technology of punching die is also

6、used in production, punching die could increase the efficience of production and could alleviate the work burden,so it has significant meaning in technologic progress and economic value.The article mainly discussed the classification,feature and the developmental direction of the pnnching technology

7、. Elaborated the punching components formation principle, the basic dies structure and the rate process and the principle of design; and designed some conventional punching die:the die for the feet have saved the trouble of the punching .for The punching dies that utilized the feature of the normal

8、punch shaped the workpiece in the room temperature,and its efficiency and economic situation is excellent.The dies here discussed can be easily made,conveniently used, and safely operated.And it could be used as the reference in the large scale production of similar workpieces.KEY WORDS: punching,di

9、e, manufacture,die design, bending目錄前 言1第1章 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)和產(chǎn)品圖4第2章 彎曲工藝性分析52.1 零件的工藝性分析52.2 結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性分析5第3章彎曲工藝方案確定73.1 計(jì)算毛坯尺寸73.2 排樣形式7第4章 沖壓工藝計(jì)算及設(shè)備選擇94.1 計(jì)算彎曲力94.2 選擇壓力機(jī)9第5章 模具結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選擇和計(jì)算115.1 凹模與凸模圓角半徑115.1.1 凸模圓角半徑115.1.2 凹模圓角半徑115.1.3 凹模深度115.2模具結(jié)構(gòu)形式選擇115.2.1 凸凹模間隙確定115.2.2 模具結(jié)構(gòu)選擇125.3 凸模的設(shè)計(jì)135.4 凹模的設(shè)計(jì)145.5 凸

10、凹模的設(shè)計(jì)14結(jié)論16致 謝17參考文獻(xiàn)18外文資料翻譯19前 言隨著國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅速發(fā)展,人們?cè)絹碓揭庾R(shí)到模具是一個(gè)“效益放大器”。因?yàn)?,模具生產(chǎn)的最終產(chǎn)品的價(jià)值,往往是模具價(jià)格的幾十倍,上百倍。目前,模具技術(shù)已成為衡量一個(gè)國(guó)家產(chǎn)品制造水平高低的最重要標(biāo)志。它決定著產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量、效益和新產(chǎn)品的開發(fā)能力。模具工業(yè)在我國(guó)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性,主要表現(xiàn)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的五大支柱產(chǎn)業(yè)機(jī)械、電子、汽車、石油化工和建筑。冷沖壓是各類模具中所占比例最多,應(yīng)用最為廣泛的一種。在汽車和家用電器等生產(chǎn)部門占有十分重要的地位。冷沖壓是一種先進(jìn)的金屬加工方法,它是建立在金屬塑料性變形的基礎(chǔ)上,利用模具和沖壓設(shè)備對(duì)板料金屬進(jìn)行加

11、工,以獲得所需要的零件形狀和尺寸。它和切削加工相比較具有生產(chǎn)率高,加工成本低,材料利用率搞,產(chǎn)品尺寸精度穩(wěn)定,操作簡(jiǎn)單,容易實(shí)現(xiàn)機(jī)械化和自動(dòng)化等一系列優(yōu)點(diǎn)。汽車、摩托車行業(yè)是冷沖模的最大市場(chǎng),其占整個(gè)模具市場(chǎng)的一半左右??梢姡S著汽車行業(yè)的發(fā)展,冷沖模在模具工業(yè)中的比例越來越大,經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展也將越來越迅速,這體現(xiàn)了模具工業(yè)在國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)中的重要性。根據(jù)我國(guó)海關(guān)統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,2004年我國(guó)共進(jìn)口沖壓模5.61億美元,約合46.6億元。從上述數(shù)字可以得出2004年我國(guó)沖壓模市場(chǎng)總規(guī)模約為266.6億元。其中國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)總需求為260.4億元,總供應(yīng)約為213.8億元,市場(chǎng)滿足率為82%。在上述供求總體情況中,有

12、幾個(gè)具體情況必須說明:一是進(jìn)口模具大部分是技術(shù)含量高的大型精密模具,而出口模具大部分是技術(shù)含量較低的中低檔模具,因此技術(shù)含量高的中高檔模具市場(chǎng)滿足率低于沖壓模總體滿足率,這些模具的發(fā)展已滯后于沖壓件生產(chǎn),而技術(shù)含量低的中低檔模具市場(chǎng)滿足率要高于沖壓模市場(chǎng)總體滿足率;二是由于我國(guó)的模具價(jià)格要比國(guó)際市場(chǎng)低格低許多,具有一定的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力,因此其在國(guó)際市場(chǎng)的前景看好,2005年沖壓模出口達(dá)到1.46億美元,比2004年增長(zhǎng)94.7%就可說明這一點(diǎn);三是近年來港資、臺(tái)資、外資企業(yè)在我國(guó)發(fā)展迅速,這些企業(yè)中大量的自產(chǎn)自用的沖壓模無確切的統(tǒng)計(jì)資料,因此未能計(jì)入上述數(shù)字之中。當(dāng)前,由于產(chǎn)品品種增多,更新加快,市場(chǎng)

13、競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的日益激烈,因此,對(duì)模具的要求是交貨期短,精度高及成本低。而模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度直接影響著這些因素。模具的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化程度越高,專業(yè)化生產(chǎn)越強(qiáng),模具的生產(chǎn)周期就會(huì)越短,生產(chǎn)成本越低,模具質(zhì)量越高。同時(shí)模具設(shè)計(jì)簡(jiǎn)化,交貨期限縮短,產(chǎn)品更新?lián)Q代就越迅速。在國(guó)家產(chǎn)業(yè)政策的正確引導(dǎo)下,經(jīng)過幾十年努力,現(xiàn)在我國(guó)沖壓模的設(shè)計(jì)與制造能力已達(dá)到較高水平,包括信息工程和虛擬技術(shù)等許多現(xiàn)代設(shè)計(jì)制造技術(shù)已在很多模具企業(yè)得到應(yīng)用。 雖然如此,我國(guó)的沖壓模設(shè)計(jì)制造能力與市場(chǎng)需要和國(guó)際先進(jìn)水平相比仍有較大差距。這些主要表現(xiàn)在高檔轎車和大中型汽車覆蓋件模具及高精度沖模方面,無論在設(shè)計(jì)還是加工工藝和能力方面,都有較大差距。轎車覆蓋

14、件模具,具有設(shè)計(jì)和制造難度大,質(zhì)量和精度要求高的特點(diǎn),可代表覆蓋件模具的水平。雖然在設(shè)計(jì)制造方法和手段方面已基本達(dá)到了國(guó)際水平,模具結(jié)構(gòu)功能方面也接近國(guó)際水平,在轎車模具國(guó)產(chǎn)化進(jìn)程中前進(jìn)了一大步,但在制造質(zhì)量、精度、制造周期等方面,與國(guó)外相比還存在一定的差距。 標(biāo)志沖模技術(shù)先進(jìn)水平的多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模和多功能模具,是我國(guó)重點(diǎn)發(fā)展的精密模具品種。有代表性的是集機(jī)電一體化的鐵芯精密自動(dòng)閥片多功能模具,已基本達(dá)到國(guó)際水平。 但總體上和國(guó)外多工位級(jí)進(jìn)模相比,在制造精度、使用壽命、模具結(jié)構(gòu)和功能上,仍存在一定差距。 汽車覆蓋件模具制造技術(shù)正在不斷地提高和完善,高精度、高效益加工設(shè)備的使用越來越廣泛。高性能的五

15、軸高速銑床和三軸的高速銑床的應(yīng)用已越來越多。NC、DNC技術(shù)的應(yīng)用越來越成熟,可以進(jìn)行傾角加工和超精加工。這些都提高了模具型面加工精度,提高了模具的質(zhì)量,縮短了模具的制造周期。 模具表面強(qiáng)化技術(shù)也得到廣泛應(yīng)用。工藝成熟、無污染、成本適中的離子滲氮技術(shù)越來越被認(rèn)可,碳化物被覆處理(TD處理)及許多鍍(涂)層技術(shù)在沖壓模上的應(yīng)用日益增多。真空處理技術(shù)、實(shí)型鑄造技術(shù)、刃口堆焊技術(shù)等日趨成熟。激光切割和激光焊接技術(shù)也得到了應(yīng)用。通過三年的基礎(chǔ)課程和專業(yè)課程的學(xué)習(xí),我對(duì)本專業(yè)的理論知識(shí)已有了系統(tǒng)的掌握,為以后走上工作崗位打下了結(jié)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。但實(shí)踐經(jīng)驗(yàn)匱乏,本套模具就是在這種情況下完成的,錯(cuò)誤之處難免,敬請(qǐng)

16、指正。第1章 設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)和產(chǎn)品圖本次設(shè)計(jì)為底腳的模具設(shè)計(jì) ,材料為20鋼,材料厚度為2mm,為大批量生產(chǎn),產(chǎn)品圖如圖11制件圖所示。 圖1-1 制件圖 名稱:底腳 材料:20鋼 數(shù)量:大批量生產(chǎn)第2章 彎曲工藝性分析2.1 零件的工藝性分析圖示為簡(jiǎn)單的彎曲件,材料為20鋼,厚度為2mm,從設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)來看,產(chǎn)量為大批量生產(chǎn)20鋼的機(jī)械性能如下:b=353500MPa S=245 MPa 2.2 結(jié)構(gòu)工藝性分析此零件為簡(jiǎn)單的彎曲件,有簡(jiǎn)單的公差要求,又是大批量生產(chǎn),所以不能用折彎的方法進(jìn)行生產(chǎn),故采用沖壓方法生產(chǎn)。2.3 孔邊距因?yàn)閠2mm,孔邊到彎曲處的距離經(jīng)計(jì)算L=5.5mm大于2t=4mm,所以

17、彎曲時(shí)孔不會(huì)變形。2.4 最小彎曲半徑 查沖壓成形工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)表51得最小彎曲半徑為1mmt=2mm,所以無需改變工件圓角。2.5彎曲工序的確定方案一 一次彎曲成形,是單工序模方案二 第一次彎曲成“U”形,第二次彎曲成四角形,兩個(gè)單工序模方案三 將方案二兩套模具組合起來,是復(fù)合模2.5.1方案分析 方案一:其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是工序比較集中,占用設(shè)備和人員少,但回彈比較大,尺寸和形狀不精確,表面擦傷嚴(yán)重。 方案二:其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是模具結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,投產(chǎn)快,但回彈難以控制,尺寸和形狀不精確,而且工序分散,占用設(shè)備和人員多。方案三:其優(yōu)點(diǎn)是工序集中,只用一副模具完成全部工序,其實(shí)質(zhì)是把方案二的各個(gè)工序集中在一起兼顧了方案

18、二的優(yōu)點(diǎn)。缺點(diǎn)是模具結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜,安裝、調(diào)試和維修困難,制造周期長(zhǎng)。所以根據(jù)綜合分析,在大批量生產(chǎn)情況下,采用第三種方案比較合適。第3章彎曲工藝方案確定3.1 計(jì)算毛坯尺寸在彎曲過程中,由于應(yīng)變中性層長(zhǎng)度彎曲前后不變,因此其長(zhǎng)度就是所求彎曲件胚料展開尺寸的長(zhǎng)度。因?yàn)閞0.5t,所以由公式L=li+ 計(jì)算展開長(zhǎng)度式中 L彎曲件毛配坯總長(zhǎng)度,mm; Li各段直線部分長(zhǎng),mm; 各段圓弧部分彎曲中心角,(); ri各段圓弧部分彎曲半徑; xi 各段圓弧部分中性層位移系數(shù)。所以L=64.5+4+4=110.6mm 3.2 排樣形式因?yàn)楸敬卧O(shè)計(jì)中使用的是坯料,形狀簡(jiǎn)單,所以為使廢料最少利用率最高,毛坯排樣為

19、單排,排樣圖如圖3-1所示 圖3-1 排樣圖因?yàn)樾袛?shù)n=1,厚度t=2mm查沖壓成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)表39 搭邊值a1=2.8mm沿邊距 a=3.0mm條料寬度:b=75mm 進(jìn)距h=110.2+2.8=113mm3.3材料利用率一個(gè)步局內(nèi)的材料利用率可用下式表示:=式中 材料利用率;A一個(gè)步距內(nèi)工件的實(shí)際面積;S送料步距;B條料寬度。在本例設(shè)計(jì)中 =95%第4章 沖壓工藝計(jì)算及設(shè)備選擇本次設(shè)計(jì)只設(shè)計(jì)彎曲部分,所以下面只計(jì)算彎曲部分及其相關(guān)內(nèi)容4.1 計(jì)算彎曲力影響彎曲力大小的基本因素有很多,有變形,材料性能和質(zhì)量,彎曲件形狀和尺寸大小,模具的結(jié)構(gòu)及凸凹模間隙大小,彎曲方式等。因此常用經(jīng)驗(yàn)公式進(jìn)

20、行概略計(jì)算,以作為彎曲工藝設(shè)計(jì)和選擇壓力設(shè)備的理論,可根據(jù)沖壓成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)式4-29計(jì)算Fu=式中 FU沖壓行程結(jié)束時(shí),不經(jīng)受校正力時(shí)的自由彎曲力,N;B彎曲件的寬度,mm;t彎曲件的厚度,mm;r內(nèi)圓彎曲半徑,mm;彎曲材料的抗拉強(qiáng)度,Mpa;K安全系數(shù),一般取1.3。由上式 Fu=34125 N對(duì)頂件或壓料裝置的彎曲模,頂件力或壓料力可近似取彎曲力的 30%60% F預(yù)=60%FuF彎曲=1.6 Fu=54600 NF壓機(jī)=81.9KN4.2 選擇壓力機(jī)由前面計(jì)算的數(shù)據(jù),在本次設(shè)計(jì)中選用J2310型壓力機(jī)其參數(shù)如下: 公稱壓力(KN):100 滑塊行程(mm):45 滑塊行程次數(shù)(n

21、min1):145 最大封閉高度(mm):180 封閉高度調(diào)節(jié)量(mm):35 模柄孔尺寸(直徑×深度)(mm):30設(shè)計(jì)中應(yīng)使模具閉合高度滿足: h10h模h5 即 155mmh模210mm本設(shè)計(jì)裝模高度為180mm,故滿足設(shè)計(jì)要求4.3回彈裝置的選擇在本次設(shè)計(jì)中由于模具整體尺寸較小,且凸模受作用力不大,板料厚度較小等,所以選擇橡膠回彈元件。橡膠的選用主要是根據(jù)卸料力和要求的壓縮量校核橡膠的工作壓力和許可壓縮量。其受壓后所產(chǎn)生的彈壓力為:P=qA 式中:P橡膠受壓時(shí)產(chǎn)生的彈壓力,N; q橡膠單位壓力,見沖壓成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)表329; A橡膠的實(shí)際承壓面積。第5章 模具結(jié)構(gòu)形式的選

22、擇和計(jì)算模具實(shí)際要根據(jù)上述確定的工藝方案,零件的形狀特點(diǎn)精度要求,模具制造條件以及安全生產(chǎn)等選定其彎曲模的類型及結(jié)構(gòu)形式。5.1 凹模與凸模圓角半徑 5.1.1 凸模圓角半徑 彎曲件相對(duì)彎曲半徑較小時(shí),凸模圓角半徑等于彎曲件的圓角半徑但須大于彎曲件最小圓角半徑;若相對(duì)彎曲半徑較大時(shí),精度要求較高時(shí),凸模圓角半徑應(yīng)根據(jù)回彈值做相應(yīng)修正。5.1.2 凹模圓角半徑凹模圓角半徑r凹不能過小,否則彎矩的力臂減小,毛坯沿凹模圓角滑過時(shí)阻力增大,從而增加彎曲力并使毛坯擦傷。生產(chǎn)中,按材料的厚度決定凹模圓角半徑。查冷沖模設(shè)計(jì)t2mm時(shí) r凹=(36)t所以 r凹=42=8mm5.1.3 凹模深度凹模深度L0查

23、沖壓成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)表59 彎曲U型件凹模深度得:L0=20mm5.2模具結(jié)構(gòu)形式選擇5.2.1 凸凹模間隙確定對(duì)于U形件彎曲,要選合理的間隙值。若不合理,則可能出現(xiàn)回彈值較大,或壁厚減小等。單邊間隙的計(jì)算,查沖壓成型設(shè)計(jì)與模具設(shè)計(jì) +ct式中:t工件材料厚度; 材料厚度正偏差; C間隙系數(shù)(查表416)計(jì)算得=2.3mm工件在彎曲過程中由于彈性恢復(fù),使彎曲的角度,半徑與模具形狀尺寸不一致。求出回彈量:r=2mm t=2mm=1 彎曲半徑回彈值不大,所以只考慮角度回彈查冷沖模設(shè)計(jì)表54 U形件彎曲回彈角回彈角=3o由于回彈值很小,故彎曲凸凹模均可按制件基本尺寸標(biāo)注,在試模后稍加修磨后即可。5

24、.2.2 模具結(jié)構(gòu)選擇(1)由沖壓工藝分析可知,本次設(shè)計(jì)采用復(fù)合沖壓,所以模具類型為復(fù)合模;(2)卸料方式,可采用推件板卸料;(3)因?yàn)楸敬卧O(shè)計(jì)的毛坯是板料,所以可以用導(dǎo)料板定位,導(dǎo)料板如圖所示 圖5.2 導(dǎo)料板(4)導(dǎo)向方式選擇:為了提高模具壽命和工件質(zhì)量,采用后側(cè)導(dǎo)柱模板 5.3 凸模的設(shè)計(jì)1)凸模的草圖如圖5.3所示圖5.3 凸模2)選取材料 查沖壓成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì)附錄4,選擇T10A 淬火 HRC 5860 5.4 凹模的設(shè)計(jì) 凹模的結(jié)構(gòu)圖如圖5.4所示 圖5.4 凹模5.5 凸凹模的設(shè)計(jì)凸凹模的結(jié)構(gòu)如圖5.5所示 圖5.5 凸凹模5.6模具標(biāo)準(zhǔn)零件的選擇本設(shè)計(jì)中模具主要零件有:上模

25、座、下模座、螺釘、銷釘、導(dǎo)柱、導(dǎo)套等,其規(guī)格如下:1 上模座160×160×402 下模座160×160×453 螺釘a.上模座、墊板與凸凹模固定板固定螺釘(共4個(gè))圓柱頭螺釘 M10×72a. 圓柱頭螺釘 M10×88b. 下模座與凸模固定螺釘(共2個(gè)) 圓柱頭螺釘 M8×30d.卸料頂桿(共1個(gè))卸料螺釘 M10×120a. 上模座與墊板,凸凹模定位銷釘(共2個(gè)) M10×76b.凹模與下模座定位銷釘(共2個(gè)) M10×110d.導(dǎo)柱(共2個(gè)) 42×200e.導(dǎo)套(共2個(gè))42&

26、#215;110×52 結(jié)論本文對(duì)所給的底腳從毛坯到成型的成形過程進(jìn)行了全面細(xì)致的研究分析,結(jié)合實(shí)際情況,設(shè)計(jì)了本套模具。本套模具可完成四角形彎曲的兩道工序,其特點(diǎn)主要是彎曲所需的兩道工序在一個(gè)工位上完成。這樣做出的制件,因?yàn)樵谝粋€(gè)工位上,所以制件的形狀尺寸較精確。另外模具結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單,且模具結(jié)構(gòu)得到最優(yōu)化。為了在彎曲過程中控制凸凹模間隙,防止毛坯與模具產(chǎn)生摩擦損壞模具,在本次設(shè)計(jì)中采用四個(gè)頂桿,這樣使凸模受力均勻,不會(huì)產(chǎn)生重心偏移。這套模具結(jié)構(gòu)靈活、可靠,并能保證產(chǎn)品的質(zhì)量。對(duì)此類零件的模具設(shè)計(jì)有很重要的參考價(jià)值。尤其是復(fù)合彎曲的優(yōu)勢(shì)表現(xiàn)的淋漓盡致,大大簡(jiǎn)化了模具結(jié)構(gòu)和節(jié)約了成本與工時(shí)

27、的浪費(fèi)。用最簡(jiǎn)單的模具生產(chǎn)出最經(jīng)濟(jì)的合格產(chǎn)品。致 謝本設(shè)計(jì)是在穆欣老師的直接關(guān)懷和悉心指導(dǎo)下完成的。在設(shè)計(jì)過程中穆老師的淵博知識(shí)和嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)?shù)闹螌W(xué)態(tài)度以及平和的人生態(tài)度是學(xué)生終生學(xué)習(xí)、工作的楷模。穆老師在此,學(xué)生衷心的感謝穆老師在這兩個(gè)月畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)時(shí)日里的關(guān)懷和栽培。在本設(shè)計(jì)過程中,穆老師給了學(xué)生莫大的幫助,及時(shí)幫我解決了設(shè)計(jì)以及畫圖中出現(xiàn)的問題。穆老師介紹了壓力機(jī)的結(jié)構(gòu)及工作過程,模具制造過程中遇到的問題等,給了學(xué)生很多實(shí)際經(jīng)驗(yàn)。在此謹(jǐn)表深切謝意。在一起做畢業(yè)設(shè)計(jì)的同學(xué)中,李瑞、范偉同學(xué)等都給了我很大的幫助。在此,一并表示感謝。參考文獻(xiàn)1 鄭人杰. 計(jì)算機(jī)軟件測(cè)試技術(shù). 北京: 清華大學(xué)出版社, 1

28、992 2 Wolf W, 孫玉芳等譯. 嵌入式計(jì)算系統(tǒng)設(shè)計(jì)原理. 北京: 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2002 3郝躍, 馬佩軍, 張衛(wèi)東. 功能成品率估算的缺陷特征參數(shù)提取法. 電子學(xué)報(bào), 2000, 28(8): 76-784羅建林. 漢語形式語法中的空位和非常序. 見:陳力為主編. 計(jì)算語言學(xué)研究與應(yīng)用. 北京: 北京語言學(xué)院出版社,1993. 1-85苗奪謙. Rough Set理論在機(jī)器學(xué)習(xí)中的應(yīng)用研究博士學(xué)位論文. 中國(guó)科學(xué)院自動(dòng)化研究所, 北京, 1997 6南京大學(xué), 天津大學(xué), 重慶大學(xué), 等. 粘滯流體力學(xué). 北京: 高等教育出版社, 19877鄭家閑 沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)實(shí)用手冊(cè) 北京:

29、機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社 2007 78王鵬駒 成虹 沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)師手冊(cè) 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社, 2008 109沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 沖模設(shè)計(jì)手冊(cè) 機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社10薛翔 沖壓模具設(shè)計(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)圖冊(cè) 北京 化學(xué)工業(yè)出版社 2005 711中國(guó)模具大典編委會(huì).中國(guó)模具工程大典.北京:電子工業(yè)出版 社.200212任嘉卉.公差與配合手冊(cè).北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版.199813劉小年 陳婷.機(jī)械制圖.北京:機(jī)械工業(yè)出版社.199814陳桂芬 機(jī)械制圖與計(jì)算機(jī)繪圖 西安電子科技大學(xué)出版社 2006 15李奇涵 沖壓成型工藝與模具設(shè)計(jì) 科學(xué)出版社2007 外文資料翻譯 Stamping and Punching Dies, Comp

30、ound Die DesignA compound die performs only cutting operations (usually blanking and piercing) which are completed during a single press stroke. A characteristic of compound dies is the inverted position of the blanking die and blanking punch which also functions as the piercing die. The die is fast

31、ened to the upper shoe and the blanking punch having a tapered hole in it and in the lower shoe for slug disposal is mounted on the lower shoe. The guide pins, or posts, are mounted in the lower shoes. The upper shoes contains bushing which slide on the guide pins. The assembly of the lower and uppe

32、r shoes with guide pins and bushing is a die set. Die sets in many sizes and designs are commercially available.On the upstroke of the press slide, the knock out rod of the press strikes the ejector plate, forcing the ejector tie rod and shedder downward, thus pushing the finished work piece out of

33、the blanking die. Four special shoulder screws (stripper bolts), commercially available, guide the stripper in its travel and retain it against the preload of its springs. The blanking die as well as the punch pad is screwed and doweled to the upper shoe.1、 Bending Die Bending is the uniform straini

34、ng of material, usually flat sheet or strip metal, around a straight axis which lies in the neutral plane and normal to the lengthwise direction of the sheet or strip. Metal flow takes place within the plastic range of the lengthwise direction of the bend retains a permanent set after removal of the

35、 applied stress. The inner surface of a bend is in compression; the outer surface is in tension. A pure bending action does not reproduce the exact shape of the punch and die in the metal; such a reproduction is one of forming. The neutral axis is the plane area in bend metal where all strain is zer

36、o.2、 Bending Methods Metal sheet or strip, supported by a V bending, produces a bend having an included angle which may be acute, obtuse, or of 90. Friction between a spring-loaded knurled pin in the Vee of a die and the part will prevent or reduce side creep of the part during its bending. Other me

37、thods are Z-bending edge bending and U-bending etc.3、 Drawing DieDrawing is a process of changing a flat, precut metal blank into a hollow vessel without excessive wrinkling, thinning, or fracturing. The various forms produced may be cylindrical or box-shaped with straight or tapered sides or sides

38、or a combination of straight, tapered, or curved sides. The size of the parts may vary from 0.25mm diameter or smaller, to aircraft or automotive parts large enough to require the use of mechanical handing equipment.4、 Single-action Die The simplest type of draw dies is one with only a punch and die

39、. One type of drawing die use in a single-action press is shown in Fig.3-4. This die is plain single-action type where the punch pushes the metal blank into the die, using a spring-loaded pressure pad to control the metal flow. The punch has an air vent to eliminate suction which would hold the cup

40、on the punch and damage the cup when it is stripped from the punch by the pressure pad. The sketch shows the pressure pad fitting the stop pin, which acts as a spacer that an even and proper pressure is exerted on the blank at all times. If the spring pressure pad is used without the stop pin, the m

41、ore the springs are depressed, the greater the pressure exerted on the blank, thereby limiting the depth of drawing. Because of limited pressures obtainable, this type of die should be used with light- gage stock and shallow depths. Mold Cavities and Cores The cavity and core give the molding its ex

42、ternal shapes respectively, the impression imparting the whole of the form to the molding. When then proceeded to indicate alternative ways by which the cavity and core could be incorporated into the mold and we found that these alternatives fell under two main headings, namely the integer method an

43、d the insert method. Another method by which the cavity can be incorporated is by means of split inserts or splits.When the cavity or core is machined from a large plate or block of steel, or is cast in one piece, and used without bolstering as one of the mold plates, it is termed an integer cavity

44、plate or integer core plate. This design is preferred for single-impression molds because of characteristics of the strength, smaller size and lower cost. It is not used as much for multi-impression molds as there are other factors such as alignment which must be taken into consideration.Of the many

45、 manufacturing processes available for preparing molds only two are normally used in this case. There are a direct machining operation on a rough steel forging or blank using the conventional machine tool, or the precision investment casting technique in which a master pattern is made of the cavity

46、and core. The pattern is then used to prepare a casting of the cavity or core by or special process. A 4.25% nickel-chrome-molybdenum steel (BS 970-835 M30) is normally specified for integer mold plates which are to be made by the direct machining method.The precision investment casting method usual

47、ly utilizes a high-chrome steel. For molds containing intricate impressions, and for multi-impression molds, it is not satisfactory to attempt to machine the cavity and core plates from single blocks of steel as with integer molds. The machining sequences and operation would be altogether too compli

48、cated and costly. The inset-bolster assembly method is therefore used instead.The method consists in machining the impression out of small blocks of steel. These small blocks of steel are known, after machining, as inserts, and the one which forms the male part is termed the core insert and, convers

49、ely, the one which forms the female part the cavity inserts. These are then inserted and securely fitted into holes in a substantial block or plate of steel called a bolster. These holes are either sunk part way or are machined right through the bolster plate. In the latter case there will be a plat

50、e fastened behind the bolster and this secures the insert in position.Both the integer and the insert-bolster methods have their advantages depending upon the size, the shape of the molding, the complexity of the mold, whether the single impression or a multi-impression mold is desire, the cost of m

51、aking the mold, etc. It can therefore be said that in general, once the characteristics of the mold required to do a particular job which have been weighed up, the decision as to which design to adopt can be made.Some of these considerations have already been discussed under various broad headings,

52、such as cost, but to enable the reader to weigh them up more easily, when faced with a particular problem, the comparison of the relative advantages of each system is discussed under a number of headings.Unquestionably, for single impression molds integer design is to be preferred irrespective of wh

53、ether the component form is a simple or a complex one. The resulting mold will be stronger, smaller, less costly, and generally incorporate a less elaborate cooling system than the insert-bolster design. It should be borne in mind that local inserts can be judiciously used to simplify the general ma

54、nufacture of the mold impression.For multi-impression molds the choice is not so clear-cut. In the majority of cases the insert-bolster method of construction is used, the ease of manufacture, mold alignment, and resulting lower mold costs being he overriding factors affecting the choice. For compon

55、ents of very simple form it is often advantageous to use one design for one of the mold plate and the alternative design for the other. For example, consider a multi-impression mold for a box-type component. The cavity plate could be of the integer design to gain the advantages of strength, thereby allowing a smaller mold plate, while the core plate could be

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