牛津上海版八年級初二下冊英語 第5講-情態(tài)動詞

1、.教育1對3輔導講義學員姓名： 學科老師：年 級： 八年級 輔導科目：英語授課日期時 間主 題情態(tài)動詞考點總結學習目的1. 掌握can, may, must, need, should的用法；2. 能在詳細語境中靈敏運用情態(tài)動詞。教學內容1、 上次課后穩(wěn)固作業(yè)復習； 2、 互動探究can, may, must, need, should情態(tài)動詞考點總結【知識梳理1】情態(tài)動詞根本用法情態(tài)動詞根本用法例句can/could1. 指才能, 也可表示答應或懇求。2. could也可用于如今時, 表示有禮貌的懇求，語氣比can婉轉。She can drive, but she can't rid

2、e a bicycle. Can I use your telephone? Yes, of course you canCould I use your bicycle? Yes, of course, you can. may/might1. 主要指允許, 答應。2. 表示可能, 肯定的推測。3. 表示祝愿, 常置于句首。May I come in? Yes, please.She said that he might come late. = She said, “He may come late.May you be safe and happy!must/have to/need1.

3、 must主要指不可推卸的責任。2. have to意為“必須；不得不， 起情態(tài)動詞的作用, 可以代替must。3. need主要指需要。Must I finish all the work today? Yes, you must.You have to drive on the right in the U.S.A.Youll have to go there at once.You neednt get up so early, for it is Sunday today.We need to work harder.should/ought to1. should/ought to主

4、要指義務或責任。2. should/ought to表示提出或征求意見。3. had better 意為“最好，應該 , 可以代替 should/ought to。Every student should obey the school rules.He ought not oughtnt to drink too much.You should try that new restaurant.You ought to read this book. It's really interesting.We had better start at once. Wed better not

5、eat too much fried food, for it is bad for our healthy.【穩(wěn)固練習】1. Whose notebook is this?It _ Janes. It has her name on it.A. must beB. might belong toC. may beD. could be2. -Could you please come to the museum with me this afternoon?-Sorry, I _ . I have to take a piano lesson at 2 pm.A. couldnt B. mu

6、stnt C. cant D. neednt3. -What would you send to your sister as the Christmas gift?-I havent decided yet. I _ send her a hand bag.A. shall B. may C. mustD. need4. -Shall we go skateboarding after school?-Sorry, my parents said that I _ be at home early.A. need B. must C. mayD. can5. - you swim?-Yes,

7、 but Im not a good swimmer.A. Can B. May      C. Need       D. Must6. Im a little tired. Lets go to the zoo by taxi.We take a taxi. Its not far from here. A. cant B. mustnt C. couldnt D. neednt7. They play football last Friday because Simon forgot to bring his football

8、here.A. could B. couldnt C. cant D. can8. It doesn't look like rain, so you bring your umbrella with you.A. shouldn't B. mustn't C. can't D. needn't9. -What will the weather be like tomorrow?-It be rainy, cloudy or sunny. Who knows?A. must B. might C. shall D. should10. Trees fig

9、ht air pollution. They are natural air conditionersA. should B. must C. need D. can【知識梳理2】含有情態(tài)動詞的疑問句的答復表示客氣或委婉的請求時用may, 用may回答顯得冷淡、不客氣。所以最好避之而改用熱情、客氣的答語。1. may提問May I come in? Yes, please. May I borrow your bike? Certainly.May I take this book out of the reading-room? No, you cant /mustnt. 2. must提問

10、Must I do my homework now? Yes, you must. No, you neednt./dont have to.3. can提問Can/Could I use your computer? Yes, you can. No, you cant./Im afraid not.4. need提問Need I finish it now? Yes, you must. 【穩(wěn)固練習】1. I take some photos in the hall?No, you . A. Can; needn't B. Must; mustn'tC. Could; wo

11、n't D. May; mustn't2. Must I be in hospital for a week，Doctor? No, you . You can go back home tomorrow.A. mustntB. needntC. mustD. cant3. May I smoke here, please?I am afraid you . This is a non-smoking area.A. can B. cant C. may D. may not 4. Must I do the work today? No, you _. You may do

12、it tomorrow.A. cant B. mustnt C. shouldnt D. neednt5. May we leave the classroom now?No, you . You to leave until the bell rings.A. mustnt, are allowed B. dont have to, are supposedC. neednt, arent allowed D. cant, arent supposed6. Can I take the magazines out?No, sir. They out of the reading-room.

13、Its a rule. A. neednt be taken B. cant take C. mustnt be takenD. dont need to take7. Will you stay for some more days? Sorry, I . My mother called to ask me to go back at once. A. mustnt B. may not C. cant D. wouldnt 8. Must I get up early tomorrow morning? No, .A. you mustntB. I dont think you have

14、 toC. you cantD. you need9. I borrow these magazines?Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed. A. Must B. Would C. May D. Need10. Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon? Yes, you .A. must B. can C. may D. need【知識梳理3】情態(tài)動詞表示推測的用法1. 在肯定句中一般用must 一定，may 可能，might / could 也許, 或許。 He

15、may/might know the answer to this question? It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating. You must be hungry after your long walk. She must be having a lot of problems with the language. 2. 否認句中用cant / couldnt 不可能，may not/might not可能不。 It cant/couldnt be the headmaster. He has gone

16、to America. He may not/might not know the scientist. He cant be at home at this time. That can't be Mary because she's now in hospital. 注意：情態(tài)動詞表推測的句型特點 語氣和時態(tài)語氣部分： 以下情態(tài)動詞語氣由強至弱 肯定句：mustmaymight =could 否認句：cant =couldnt mayntmightnt   時態(tài)部分：下以must為例，其他情態(tài)動詞以此類推 must be表示對如今的推測 must hav

17、e done表示對過去的推測 must be doing表示對正在進展的推測【穩(wěn)固練習】1. -Look! The man at the gate be our headmaster. He is always standing there every morning. -No, it be him. He is holding a meeting in the office now.A. must, cant B. must, mustnt C. cant, cant D. cant, mustnt 2. -Susan has bought a large house with a swim

18、ming pool.-It be very expensive. I never even dream about it.A. must B. might C. cant D. shouldnt3. Anna hasnt come to school today. I think she be ill. A. can      B. has to      C. may      D. should 4. -It must be John who is in the office.-Im sure it

19、be John. I saw him off at the railway station just twenty minutes ago.A. wont B. mustnt C. cant D. neednt5. The yellow coat be Lindas because nobody likes yellow except her.A. cant B. can       C. mustnt       D. Must6. How is your friend coming?Im not sure. He drive he

20、re.A. may B. can C. must D. will7. -Listen! Helen is singing in the next room.-It be Helen. She has gone to Beijing.A. cant B. mustnt C. may D. should8. This pair of shoes belong to Jack. He likes this kind very much.It _ be his. Its too large for him.A. can; cant B. may; neednt C. must; mustnt D. m

21、ust; cant9. Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening?No, it be her. She to JapanA. mustn't; has gone               B. mustn't; has beenC. can't; has gone           &#

22、160;             D. can't; has been10. Excuse me, can you tell me the way to the zoo? Sorry, Im new here. Please ask that policeman. He know.A. canB. needC. mayD. need to一、詞匯Words1. 1.washbasin n. 洗臉盆 e.g. Water was pouring into th

23、e washbasin. 水正在流入洗臉盆。2. vanish v. 消失，突然不見 e.g. I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a fine day. 我原以為天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是個好天?！境Ｓ么钆洹?vanish into the air/from sight消失不見 vanish in darkness在黑暗中消失 vanish into nothing化為烏有3. amount n.數(shù)量，數(shù)額 e.g. He spent a large amount of money on bo

24、oks. 他花了很多錢買書。【知識拓展】 an amount of 一定數(shù)量的 a large amount of 大量的 a small amount of 少量的4. freeze v. 突然停頓，驚呆 e.g. Fear made him freeze in his tracks. 恐懼使他突然停頓前進。 He froze in front of the audience. 他在觀眾面前嚇呆了?！局R拓展】 freeze v. 冷凍，冷藏食物e.g. Not all fruit and vegetables freeze well. 并非所有的水果和蔬菜都合適冷藏。5. impatien

25、t adj.不耐煩的，急躁的e.g. As a nursery teacher, you mustn't be impatient with the children. 作為幼兒園老師，你不該對孩子急躁?！局R拓展】 patient adj. 有耐心的e.g. She is so kind and always patient with those naughty children. 她對這些淘氣的孩子們是如此和藹、有耐心。patience n. 容忍，耐心e.g. I have no patience with him again. 我對他不再有耐心了。同學，你猜對了嗎？6. obe

26、y v. 服從，順從e.g. Soldiers have to obey orders. 軍人必須服從命令。 A car obeys the driver. 車子由司機控制。7. faint adj. 微弱的e.g. He felt faint for lack of food. 他因饑餓而暈倒了。 She fainted because of the heat. 她熱昏了。8. float v. 漂浮，浮動e.g. Phillip, can you see something red floating in the distance on the water? 菲利浦，你看見在遠處有個什么紅

27、色的東西漂浮在水上嗎？ A feather floated down on the wind. 一根羽毛隨風飄落。9. comfortably adv. 安樂地，舒適地e.g. He sat comfortably in his armchair. 他舒適地坐在扶手椅上?！局R拓展】 comfortable adj. 舒適的，舒適的e.g. She lives a comfortable life. 她過著舒適的生活。comfort v. 撫慰，鼓舞 n. 安樂，舒適，安逸e.g. He lived in comfort. 他過得很舒適。She comforted the sick child

28、. 她撫慰這個生病的孩子。10. speed v. 加速，加快e.g. The ambulance sped to the hospital. 救護車快速開往醫(yī)院。 He was arrested for speeding. 他因超速行車而被捕。指點迷津: speed, hurry1 speed指快速的運動或行動。e.g. The train sped through the countryside. 火車從鄉(xiāng)間奔馳而過。 Postal workers laboured overtime to speed delivery of the Christmas mail. 郵電工人加班加點以加快圣

29、誕節(jié)期間信件的發(fā)送。2 hurry意指比通?？斓枚嗟乃俣?，經(jīng)常伴隨著混亂或騷動。e.g. If you don't hurry, you'll miss the plane. 假如你不迅速些，你將會錯過班機了。 Don't let anyone hurry you into making a decision you'll regret later. 不要在任何人的催促下作出你以后會為之懊悔的決定。11. relax v. 放松，休息e.g. I relaxed there for a few days. 我在那個地方休息了幾天。12. works n. 工廠e

30、. g. The steel works is closing down. 那家鋼鐵廠要關閉了。 There has been an accident at the works. 那家工廠出了一次事故。13. thorough adj. 徹底的，完全的e. g. They made a thorough search for the lost ring, but didn't find it. 他們仔細地尋找過那枚喪失的戒指，可是沒有找到?！局R拓展】 thoroughly adv. 非常地，徹底地e. g. The work had not been done very thorou

31、ghly. 這個工作做得不太徹底。14. sewage n. 污水，污物e. g. chemical treatment of sewage對下水道污物的化學處理 If we love Shanghai, we must stop dumping sewage into the water. 假如我們熱愛上海，我們必須停頓往水里倒污水物。15. pump v. 用泵輸送e. g. The villagers had pumped the well dry and could get no more water. 村民們已把井水抽干了，再也抽不出水來了。 He pumped up his tyr

32、es. 他給車胎打足了氣。【知識拓展】 pump n. 泵；水泵e.g. in flat tyres with a pump用氣泵給輪胎充氣16. precious adj. 珍貴的，貴重的e. g. Nothing is more precious than friendship. 沒有什么比友誼更珍貴的了。 She talks about nothing except her precious car. 她句句離不開她那寶貝汽車。17. liquid n. 液體 e. g. Water is both a fluid and a liquid. 水既是流體又是液體。 If you add

33、too much liquid, the mixture will not be thick enough. 假如你參加的液體太多，混合液的濃度就不夠。18. reply n. 答復，回復 v. 答復，答復e. g. Adrian nodded in reply to my question. 對于我的提問，阿德里安點頭表示同意。 A lot of people replied to our advertisemen. 有許多人對我們的廣告作出了反響?！境Ｓ么钆洹?in reply to為答復；作為對的答復make no reply不作答復 reply for sb. 代表某人作辯論答謝祝酒

34、reply to答復，答復指點迷津：anwser, replay1 answer較常用，如：answer a question the door bell, the phone, the letter, etc. e.g. He has answered my letter.此句僅說明他回了我的信。說明他已經(jīng)收到我的信。2而reply那么較正式，意指經(jīng)過深思熟慮后答復對方的問題和論點。 e.g. He has replied to my letter.此句說明他將我信中的問題都一一答復了。. Daily expressions. 日常表達1. pour into倒入，涌入 e.g. Pleas

35、e pour some water into my glass. 請幫我的杯子里倒點水。 Pour the milk into a jug. 把牛奶灌進壺里。 People poured into the hall. 人們涌進大廳。2. look round=look around環(huán)顧四周 e. g. He looked around but saw nobody. 他往四周看，可是沒看見任何人?！局R拓展】look at看，朝看 look after照料look back與on，to連用回想，記起 look down on輕視，看不起look for尋找 look forward to盼望，

36、期待look like看起來像 look on/upon看作look out注意，注意 look out of朝外看look over翻閱，閱讀 look round環(huán)視look through從頭看完，透視 look up在書中查到，查閱詞典look up and down上下打量3. enjoy the view欣賞風景e.g. Foreigners like enjoying the night-views in Shanghai when they travel to China. 外國人到中國來旅游就喜歡到上海來賞夜景。4. finish with完成，完畢e.g. He finis

37、hed with the work. 他完成了這項工作。 He finished the performance with a song. 他以一首歌曲完畢了表演。5. dropinto 把扔到e.g. Don't drop rubbish on the ground, you should drop it into the litter bin. 不能把垃圾扔在地上，你應該把垃圾扔到廢物箱里。【知識拓展】 drop into sth. 偶爾訪問某人或某地，順便訪問e.g. Sorry, we're late-we dropped into a pub on the way.

38、對不起，我們遲到了我們中途到酒館去了。6. speed down快速下滑 e.g. That young climber sped down the cliff into the valley. Luckily, he didn't lost his life, 那個年輕的登山者順著懸崖跌至了山谷，所幸的是，他沒有死。7. carry to 把帶到 e.g. Simon carried the suitcase to the Smith's. 西蒙把手提箱送到史密斯先生家。 You needn't carry the luggage to your room, our

39、removal will help you. 你不用把行李親自搬到房間，我們的搬運工會幫你的。8. pumpinto 把抽吸到 e.g. Push the button, the water in the toilet will be pumped into the drain. 按下這個鍵，馬桶里的水就會被抽到管道里。9. remember not to do sth. 記得不要做某事 e.g. You must remember not to pollute the environment. 你必須記住不能污染環(huán)境。10. mean by 意思是 e.g. What do you mean

40、 by saying that? 你那樣說是什么意思？二、重要句型Important Sentences structures1. 1. It's not easy for me to get here. It is十a(chǎn)dj. +for sb. of sb. to do sth.對事加以評論對人加以評論 在這個句型中，it是形式主語，而句子真正的主語是后面的不定式短語 e.g. It is difficult for you to read through this book in a week or so. 對你來說一星期左右看完這本書有困難。 It is useful for yo

41、u to learn how to use the computer. 學習使用計算機對你有好處。2. I waited there until you called me, and here I am.until表示持續(xù)做某事，用延續(xù)性動詞。notuntil表示“直到才，可以用瞬間動詞。e.g. The baby didn't stop crying until he saw his mother. 那個嬰孩直到看到媽媽才不哭。 We had dinner until 8:30 p.m. 我們吃晚飯一直到8點半。3. Then it was time to get cleaned u

42、p.It's time to do sth. 表示“是做什么事情的時候了。它也可以用另外一種句式表達：It's time for sth.e.g. It's time to have dinner. =It's time for dinner. 是吃晚飯的時候了。 It's time for you to go to bed. 你該睡覺了。 It's time to go to school. =It's time for school. =It's time for us to go to school. =It's t

43、ime for going to school.該上學了。4. When you've finished with me, I'll go to a sewage plant.用will表示將來發(fā)生的動作或狀態(tài)。e. g. -Will you join us?你要參加我們嗎？ -Yes, we will./ No, we won't. 是的，我們要。不，我們不要。 Jane's father will give her a beautiful skirt as her birthday present. 珍妮的爸爸要給她一件漂亮的裙子作為她的生日禮物?！局R拓展

44、】 注意will與be going to的區(qū)別：1 be going to表示事先打算，有意圖要發(fā)生的事。e. g. I am going to play table tennis with my friends this afternoon.2 be going to還表示客觀情況下非主觀打算即將要發(fā)生的動作。e. g. The weatherman says it is going to rain tomorrow.建議5-10分鐘Read and choose the best answer.1. It's timea rest. You have read the story

45、book for a long time.A. to haveB. havingC. hasD. had2. Don'tharmful chemicals into the river or lake.A. bring B. take C. rushD. pour 3. The lights are still on in the lab. Please remember before leaving.A. turning them offB. to turn them offC. turning off themD. to turn off them 4. The water spe

46、d down the mountain into the river. The underlined part means _.A. moved fast B. pull C. fall D. speed up 5. I just want to _ and see if I can get any gifts to take home. A. look for B. look at C .look around D. look afterII .Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1. The boy i

47、s lying on the bedcomfortable and listening to music.2.My brother is alwayspatient when he is doing his homework, so he always makes mistakes.3. The man'swork became famous after he died.4. The boss has a plan to use fewer workers to domuch work.5. Ken's voice soundedpuzzle when he heard a s

48、trange voice.Choose the best answer.根底版：1. May I play computer games, Mom?No, you .A. dont B. cant C. wouldnt D. wont2. Dad, must we wait until the light becomes green?Yes, I'm afraid we .That's the traffic rule.A. can B. may C. have to D. need3. I see your ID card, sir? We have to check you

49、r information.A. May B. Must C. Should D. Need4. Where are you going this month?We go to Xiamen, but we're not sure.A. neednt B. must C. might D. mustn't5. May I go out for a while, Mom?No, you . You have to finish your homework first.A. shouldn't B. needn't C. mustn't D. won'

50、;t6. Students in our school know shouting is not allowed in the library.A. can B. may C. must D. need7. Can I park my car in front of the building?No, you _. A. won't B. can't C. needn't D. couldn't8. Shall I take my swimming suit?No, you . We will just go hiking in the mountain.A. mustntB. couldntC. needntD. cant9. Drivers wear seat belts while their cars are running on the road. A. needB. canC. mustD. may10. Must I return the book this week?No, you . You can it for 20 days.A. mustnt, keep B. neednt, borrow C. neednt, keep