新課標(biāo)對(duì)小學(xué)語(yǔ)文閱讀教學(xué)的要求與對(duì)策

1、一、語(yǔ)文閱讀教學(xué)的重要性小學(xué)生閱讀教學(xué)是小學(xué)語(yǔ)文教學(xué)中一個(gè)重要的教學(xué)環(huán)節(jié)，它能夠提高小學(xué)生的文學(xué)素養(yǎng)，使小學(xué)生的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)能力得到鍛煉和提升的同時(shí)，還使小學(xué)生的知識(shí)面變得更寬廣，拓展了小學(xué)生語(yǔ)文知識(shí)積累量,使小學(xué)生的思維發(fā)生擴(kuò)散，提升小學(xué)生的語(yǔ)文知識(shí)和認(rèn)知能力。教師的閱讀教學(xué)方法的科學(xué)與否直接關(guān)系到小學(xué)生語(yǔ)文成績(jī)的好壞，因此,教師應(yīng)運(yùn)用科學(xué)的閱讀教學(xué)方法，并且根據(jù)小學(xué)生的年齡特征和現(xiàn)有認(rèn)知水平進(jìn)行合理教學(xué)，正確引導(dǎo)學(xué)生，使學(xué)生形成良好的教學(xué)習(xí)慣,實(shí)現(xiàn)教學(xué)目的，完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。1二、語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)對(duì)小學(xué)語(yǔ)文閱讀教學(xué)的相關(guān)規(guī)定1。閱讀理念課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)指出，教師在閱讀教學(xué)中使學(xué)生獲得一定的情感體驗(yàn)，即要求教師

2、應(yīng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生有感情地閱讀課文內(nèi)容.在閱讀中，教師不應(yīng)把自己的思維方式強(qiáng)加給學(xué)生,限制住學(xué)生的想象力，而應(yīng)該讓學(xué)生自由發(fā)揮想象,對(duì)課文的內(nèi)容形成獨(dú)特的理解和感悟。另外，應(yīng)教導(dǎo)學(xué)生注重積累，培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)語(yǔ)言文字的感知能力。并將多種閱讀方法教給學(xué)生，讓學(xué)生使用探究性的閱讀方式進(jìn)行閱讀，摒棄接受型閱讀方式，增強(qiáng)學(xué)生獨(dú)立閱讀的欲望。2.閱讀目標(biāo)與內(nèi)容教學(xué)的目標(biāo)是使學(xué)生能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)自主閱讀，即老師沒(méi)有教，學(xué)生就已經(jīng)閱讀過(guò)了。我們知道,在具體的實(shí)踐教學(xué)中,無(wú)論老師教得多么好，學(xué)生如果不自覺(jué)，閱讀教學(xué)的效果永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)提高.相反,一旦學(xué)生發(fā)揮出自主性,教學(xué)的效果就會(huì)事半功倍。3。突出多讀，重視積累（1)遍數(shù)多。“書(shū)讀百遍

3、，其意自見(jiàn)”這句話不無(wú)道理，多讀才能使印象加深。閱讀遍數(shù)越多,對(duì)文章的理解就會(huì)越深刻,讀的多了,自然就記住了,根本不必一字一句地死記硬背.“多讀”，還指多多地朗讀,同時(shí)也強(qiáng)調(diào)了誦讀。我國(guó)古代語(yǔ)文學(xué)習(xí)的最基本的方法就是誦讀,誦讀相較于朗讀來(lái)說(shuō)更強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)人的體驗(yàn)。(2)數(shù)量多。語(yǔ)文課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中指出，學(xué)生9年間的閱讀總量應(yīng)在400萬(wàn)字以上，其中，小學(xué)時(shí)期閱讀量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)是145萬(wàn)字以上.具體分為三個(gè)階段,第一階段5萬(wàn)字以上，第二階段40萬(wàn)字以上，第三階段100萬(wàn)字以上.（3)品種多.多讀除了要求遍數(shù)多、數(shù)量多以外，還要品種多。教師在閱讀教學(xué)中應(yīng)當(dāng)豐富閱讀內(nèi)容，讀物的種類應(yīng)當(dāng)既包括科技、歷史方面的書(shū),又包括文學(xué)

4、方面的書(shū)。不僅要讀詩(shī)歌、散文、劇本，還要讀故事、童話、寓言等，現(xiàn)代、古代的作品都應(yīng)讓學(xué)生有所接觸。4。重視能力的培養(yǎng)閱讀能力是指學(xué)生接受和理解書(shū)面材料的內(nèi)容和意義的能力，這種能力可以幫助學(xué)生獲取知識(shí),增加才干。可以說(shuō)，根據(jù)一個(gè)人閱讀能力的高低可以判斷這個(gè)人語(yǔ)文素質(zhì)的高低。閱讀能力包括認(rèn)讀、理解、記憶和速度等要素,只有掌握這些要素，才能使自己的閱讀能力得到提升，才能更輕松地學(xué)習(xí)中學(xué)、大學(xué)的知識(shí).三、小學(xué)語(yǔ)文閱讀教學(xué)的策略1.培養(yǎng)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成良好的閱讀習(xí)慣良好的閱讀習(xí)慣可以大大地提高閱讀的效果，如果學(xué)生沒(méi)有養(yǎng)成專心思考習(xí)慣和自主閱讀習(xí)慣，將會(huì)使閱讀效果大打折扣。因此，在閱讀教學(xué)中,應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)培養(yǎng)小學(xué)生的

5、閱讀習(xí)慣，告知學(xué)生專心閱讀,不可心不在焉地東張西望;在閱讀過(guò)程中，啟發(fā)學(xué)生多發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，多思考；不斷豐富閱讀內(nèi)容，增添閱讀環(huán)節(jié)，加強(qiáng)學(xué)生字詞積累，多給學(xué)生留一些自由閱讀的時(shí)間，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生自主閱讀。閱讀時(shí)還應(yīng)該注重掌握作者的情感變化，與作家進(jìn)行情感交流;培養(yǎng)學(xué)生每天閱讀，做好字詞積累，并且讓學(xué)生長(zhǎng)期堅(jiān)持下去，讓閱讀真正地成為一種習(xí)慣.2.教給學(xué)生閱讀方法(1）目標(biāo)閱讀法.目標(biāo)閱讀法就是在閱讀前提出一個(gè)明確的目標(biāo),然后讓學(xué)生根據(jù)這個(gè)目標(biāo)來(lái)閱讀。目標(biāo)注入情感，指向性強(qiáng)，學(xué)生在有針對(duì)性的閱讀過(guò)程中，通過(guò)自主探究產(chǎn)生愛(ài)憎.(2)快速閱讀法。在教學(xué)過(guò)程中，我們發(fā)現(xiàn)有些小學(xué)生總是用手指著文字進(jìn)行閱讀，這樣會(huì)使閱

6、讀的速度變慢，而且閱讀的內(nèi)容斷斷續(xù)續(xù),不夠連貫。針對(duì)這個(gè)問(wèn)題，教師應(yīng)當(dāng)訓(xùn)練小學(xué)生快速閱讀能力，比如,要求小學(xué)生在規(guī)定的時(shí)間內(nèi)完成閱讀。這樣，學(xué)生能在快速的閱讀過(guò)程中集中精力，快速地消化和處理信息。對(duì)于篇幅較長(zhǎng)的文章,這種方法能夠在短時(shí)間內(nèi)獲取較多的信息，在潛移默化中促進(jìn)了學(xué)生對(duì)信息的加工處理能力，提高小學(xué)生閱讀速度。（3)精讀法。朱熹認(rèn)為，讀書(shū)不僅要熟讀，還要熟讀成誦，不僅要思考，還要發(fā)散思維。對(duì)于認(rèn)知能力有限的小學(xué)生來(lái)說(shuō)，只有閱讀足夠的遍數(shù)，才能理解文章。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生基本閱讀能力的一個(gè)重要手段就是精讀法，它要求學(xué)生對(duì)文章中的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容集中精力、逐字逐句地仔細(xì)閱讀，并進(jìn)行認(rèn)真思考.教師應(yīng)當(dāng)選擇一些情

7、節(jié)生動(dòng)的段落指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行精讀，在精讀時(shí),要求學(xué)生調(diào)動(dòng)多種感官，一邊讀，一邊想，一邊寫(xiě)，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生養(yǎng)成認(rèn)真讀書(shū)的好習(xí)慣,并且讓小學(xué)生背誦一些句子、段落和文章。3.教師要引導(dǎo)學(xué)生多朗讀朗讀是一種基本的閱讀方法，教師應(yīng)該教導(dǎo)學(xué)生多進(jìn)行朗讀，幫助小學(xué)生集中注意力,使學(xué)生更好地品味重點(diǎn)詞句，發(fā)現(xiàn)文章內(nèi)涵所在。在閱讀教學(xué)中,與學(xué)生多進(jìn)行溝通交流，提升小學(xué)生的想象力,培養(yǎng)其對(duì)語(yǔ)文的感悟。朗讀還可以使小學(xué)生在頭腦中儲(chǔ)存一些印象深刻的文字，這樣，在小學(xué)生寫(xiě)作文的過(guò)程中其語(yǔ)言用詞更準(zhǔn)確,語(yǔ)句更連貫，寫(xiě)作水平同時(shí)得到了提升。閱讀課上，教師可以指導(dǎo)學(xué)生進(jìn)行課前朗誦，使學(xué)生快速進(jìn)入到語(yǔ)文閱讀學(xué)習(xí)狀態(tài)中。還可以根據(jù)課文主題

8、指定重復(fù)朗讀的部分，使學(xué)生深刻理解課文境界。4。注重學(xué)生在閱讀中發(fā)揮想象力，發(fā)散思維在閱讀教學(xué)中，教師應(yīng)注意選擇適合小學(xué)生認(rèn)知水平的文本教材，創(chuàng)設(shè)愉悅輕松的情境,在入情入境的閱讀中快樂(lè)地學(xué)習(xí)。激發(fā)小學(xué)生的閱讀興趣,增強(qiáng)其學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)性，引發(fā)探究意向和動(dòng)力，使學(xué)生興趣盎然地享受閱讀，樂(lè)于閱讀，領(lǐng)會(huì)到語(yǔ)文閱讀的樂(lè)趣，讀出作者的情感變化，感受到文章內(nèi)在的感情，與作家進(jìn)行情感交流，產(chǎn)生共鳴,真正做到激勵(lì)、喚醒、鼓舞。在教學(xué)過(guò)程中恰當(dāng)運(yùn)用現(xiàn)代化設(shè)備進(jìn)行輔助教學(xué),將課文內(nèi)容所要表達(dá)的情境通過(guò)聲情并茂的動(dòng)感形式直觀地展現(xiàn)出來(lái),更好地引導(dǎo)學(xué)生在情境感染下發(fā)散思維,發(fā)揮想象，鍛煉和培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新能力.5。訓(xùn)練學(xué)生多思多問(wèn)

9、要想使學(xué)生的語(yǔ)文閱讀能力得到提升，必須教導(dǎo)學(xué)生多讀多問(wèn)，學(xué)生只有敢于提出問(wèn)題，善于解決問(wèn)題，才能取得進(jìn)步。在閱讀教學(xué)中,教師應(yīng)當(dāng)引導(dǎo)學(xué)生勤于動(dòng)腦，啟發(fā)學(xué)生多思多問(wèn)，告知學(xué)生發(fā)現(xiàn)的技巧，使學(xué)生提出的問(wèn)題具有一定的意義和針對(duì)性。通過(guò)這種方式,教師可以判斷學(xué)生在閱讀學(xué)習(xí)中是否理解了閱讀內(nèi)容,掌握了學(xué)習(xí)的重點(diǎn)。若是學(xué)生提出的疑問(wèn)一直停留在表面，就說(shuō)明學(xué)生沒(méi)有領(lǐng)會(huì)到教學(xué)的主旨。教師應(yīng)當(dāng)有意識(shí)地增加與學(xué)生的互動(dòng)，通過(guò)相互溝通，促進(jìn)學(xué)生加深對(duì)寫(xiě)作背景和動(dòng)機(jī)的理解,使學(xué)生透過(guò)現(xiàn)象看本質(zhì),讓課堂“活”起來(lái),讓語(yǔ)言“活”起來(lái),實(shí)現(xiàn)閱讀教學(xué)的目標(biāo)。First, the importance of the Chine

10、se reading teachingPrimary school reading teaching is an important teaching link in primary school Chinese teaching, it can improve the elementary students literary attainments, the elementary students listening, speaking， reading and writing ability to get exercise and improve at the same time， als

11、o make elementary student's knowledge more wide， expand the elementary student the language knowledge accumulation， diffusion in the elementary students thinking, enhance the language knowledge and cognitive ability of students.Teachers' reading teaching method is scientific or not directly

12、related to the primary school language result is good or bad, therefore， teachers should use scientific reading teaching method, and according to the elementary students age characteristic and the existing cognitive level on reasonable teaching, guide students to correctly， make students form good h

13、abits of teaching， realize the teaching purpose， complete the teaching mission. 1Second, the "Chinese curriculum standard” regulations for primary school Chinese reading teaching1。 The concept of readingCourse standard points out that teachers in the reading teaching to make students get emotio

14、nal experience, which requires teachers should guide students to read texts have feelings. In reading， the teacher should not impose their own way of thinking on students, restrict the students imagination, but should let the students free play imagination, content to form a unique understanding and

15、 comprehension of the text。 In addition, should teach students pay attention to accumulation, training students perception of language. And a variety of reading methods to teach students, let students use the explorative way of reading for reading， abandon receptive reading way， strengthen students&

16、#39; independent reading desire。2. Read the goal and contentTeaching goal is to make students can realize the independent reading, the teacher did not teach， students will have read。 As we know， in the practice teaching, no matter how well, the teacher teaches students if not consciously， the effect

17、 of the reading teaching will never improve。 Instead, once students perform autonomy， will get twice the result with half the effort teaching effect。3. Highlight read， pay attention to accumulate（1） more times. "Books read hundreds of times， its meaning from the see" this sentence makes se

18、nse, read to make impression deepened。 Reading times， the more the more profound understanding of the article will become, read more， naturally remember, dont have to word memorizing. ”Read more”, also refers to read a lot, but also emphasize the reading. Ancient Chinese language learning the most b

19、asic way is to read， read it is more of an emphasis on personal experience compared to read aloud。(2）。 Chinese course standard points out that the students to read the total 9 years should be in more than 4 million words， among them， the primary school reading standard is more than 1。45 million word

20、s. Concrete is divided into three phases, the first phase of 50000 words above, more than 400000 words in the second stage， the third stage more than 1 million words。（3) the variety。 Read more besides request times, quantity, and many varieties. Teachers should be enriched the contents of the readin

21、g in the reading teaching, reading should include both the kinds of science and technology， history books， including literature books again。 Should not only read poetry, prose， scripts， but also read a story， fairy tales, fables, etc.， modern and ancient works should let the students contact.4. Atte

22、ntion to the cultivation of abilityReading ability refers to the students accept and understand the content of the written materials and the ability to sense, this ability can help students acquire knowledge， increase the ability. According to one level of the ability of reading， as it were, people

23、can be judged by the Chinese quality of high and low. Reading skills including reading, understanding, memory and elements such as speed, only to master these elements， to make improve their reading ability, learn the knowledge of middle school and university can be more easily。Three， the strategy o

24、f primary school Chinese reading teaching1。 To cultivate students develop good reading habitsGood reading habits can greatly improve the effect of reading， if students are not absorbed in thinking habit and independent reading habit， will make the reading effect. In the reading teaching， therefore，

25、 should focus on cultivating pupils reading habits， told the students to concentrate on reading， do not absently look in all directions; In the process of reading， inspire the student to find more problems， more thinking； Enrich the reading content， add reading link， strengthe

26、n students accumulate words, to give students more free time to read， guide students to read independently. When reading should also pay attention to grasp the emotional change of the author, with the writer for emotional communication; Trains the student to read every day, completes the accumulatio

27、n of words, and let the students hold on for a long time, make reading really become a habit。2. Teach students reading methods（1） the goal reading method. Target reading method is put forward a clear goal before reading， and then let the students read according to this goal。 Target into the emotion，

28、 strong directivity, students in the process of targeted reading, produce hate through independent inquiry。（2) the method of fast reading. In the teaching process， we found some pupils always pointing to read text， this will make reading speed is slow， and read the contents of the intermittent, not

29、coherent enough。 Aiming at this problem, teachers should train students ability of rapid reading， for example, pupils within the prescribed period of time required for reading。 In this way， students can focus on in the process of fast reading， digestion and process information quickly. For much long

30、er articles， this method can get more information in a short period of time, in imperceptible to promote the students' ability of information processing， improve the students reading speed。(3) the intensive reading method. Zhu believed that reading books is not only to read, and read up on a rec

31、itation， not only to thinking， and divergent thinking. For elementary school students cognitive ability is limited, only read enough times， to understand the article. Cultivate students' basic reading ability is an important means of intensive reading method， it requires the students to the main

32、 points of the article focus on, word for word, read it carefully, and think seriously about。 Teachers should select some vivid plot paragraphs to guide students to intensive reading, in intensive reading， students are required to mobilize various senses， read, he thought, side to write， guides the

33、student to form the good habit of reading carefully, and let students to recite some sentences, paragraphs and articles。3. Teachers should guide students to read moreReading is a basic method of reading， teachers should teach students how to read， help students concentrate， key words and sentences t

34、o make the students better taste， see the article content。 In reading teaching， communicate more with the students, improve pupils' imagination, to cultivate their comprehension of the language。 Reading can also make pupils to store some impressive words in your mind, so, in the primary school s

35、tudents write a composition in the process of its language more accurate words， statement more coherent， writing level has improved at the same time。 Reading class， the teacher can guide the students to read before class， students quickly into the state of Chinese reading learning. Can also accordin

36、g to the text theme to specify repeat part, make the students understand the text。4。 Pay attention to the students in reading imagination， divergent thinkingIn the reading teaching， teachers should pay attention to the text teaching material choice is suitable for primary school students cognitive l

37、evel, create happy relaxed situation, in the feeling of reading study happily. Stimulate the elementary students reading interest， enhance their learning initiative, to explore the intention and motivation, make the students enjoy reading interest， to read， appreciate the fun of Chinese reading， read the authors emotional change， feel the inner feelings， the emotional communication with the writer, resonate， truly inspire, awaken and inspire. In the process of teaching the appropriate auxiliary teaching， the use of modern equipment to the text content to the situation of display