英語常用的八種時態(tài)

1、英語時態(tài)初中階段應掌握的時態(tài)共有八種，即一般現(xiàn)在時，一般將來時，一般過去時，現(xiàn)在進行時，過去進行時，過去將來時，現(xiàn)在完成時，過去完成時。現(xiàn)從結構，作用，時間狀語三方面加以介紹。 動詞形式分五種：1.動詞原形 2.第三人稱單數(shù) 3.過去式 4.過去分詞 5.現(xiàn)在分詞動詞形式用法及作用舉例1. 動詞原形詞典、單詞表所給詞形，用于一般現(xiàn)在時（主語為復數(shù)）及情態(tài)動詞、助動詞后。Flowers smell sweet.They enjoy dancing to the music.You should be more polite.2. 動詞原形+ s/es用于現(xiàn)在時單數(shù)第三人稱。其詞尾變化規(guī)則與名詞復

2、數(shù)變化規(guī)則相同。He is a 16-year-old student.She washes her hands several times.3. 動詞過去式用于一般過去時態(tài)。I wrote a book last year.We were in Grade Two in 2003.They had many tests last week.4. 過去分詞用于各種完成時態(tài)、被動語態(tài)。其變化分為規(guī)則和不規(guī)則兩種。We have learned nearly 1600 words.He had written 8 letters before 9.The classroom is cleaned

3、every day.5. 現(xiàn)在分詞用于各種進行時態(tài)?，F(xiàn)在進行時、過去進行時。詞尾以-ING結尾。You are listening to me explaining.He was having an exam at 8 yesterday.一、一般現(xiàn)在時其結構為：be動詞 肯定句 主語+am，is，are+其它。 否定句 主語+am，is，are + not+其它。 一般疑問句 Am，Is，Are+主語+其它？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+am，is，are+主語+其它？實意動詞 1）主語為第一，二人稱及第三人稱復數(shù)時 肯定句 主語+動詞原形+其它。 否定句 主語+don't+動詞原形+其

4、它。 一般疑問句 Do +主語+動詞原形+其它？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+do+主語+動詞原形+其它？ 2）主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時 肯定句 主語+動詞第三人稱單數(shù) +其它。 否定句 主語+doesn't+動詞原形+其它。 一般疑問句 Does+主語+動詞原形+其它？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+does+主語+動詞原形+其它？其作用為：表示習慣性，經(jīng)常性的動作；表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài)與特征；表示普遍真理其常用時間狀語為often，always，usually，sometimes，everyday(week，year.), in the morning（afternoon，evening）等。Ex .

5、 1. _ she _ (go)to the library every Sunday?此題為習慣性動作，答案為Does，go. 2.They often _(swim)in summer. 此題為經(jīng)常性動作，答案為swim. 3._(be)everyone here? 此題表示現(xiàn)在的狀態(tài),答案為Is. 4.The earth_(travel) round the sun. 此題表示普遍真理,答案為travels.二、一般過去時其結構為：be動詞 肯定句 主語+was，were+其它。 否定句 主語+was，were + not+其它。 一般疑問句 Was，Were+主語+其它？ 特殊疑問句

6、特殊疑問詞+was，were+主語+其它？ 實意動詞 肯定句 主語+動詞過去式+其它。 否定句 主語+didn't+動詞原形+其它。 一般疑問句 Did+主語+動詞原形+其它？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形+其它？其作用為：表示過去的情況或過去習慣性動作其常用時間狀語為 yesterday，the day before yesterday，.ago，last.及其它表過去的時間，如in 1998 等.Ex. 1.I_the number down on a piece of paper a moment ago. A write B writed C wrote D

7、writing此題表過去的情況，且write為不規(guī)則動詞，答案為C.2.Everything_ready before Father came. A were B was C is D are 此題句中暗示為過去時，且everything后跟第三人稱單數(shù)，答案為B.3.He always _me last term. A helped B helps C helping D help 此題表過去習慣性動作，且help為規(guī)則動詞，答案為A. 三、一般將來時 其結構為：be動詞 肯定句 主語+will be+其它。 否定句 主語+will not be+其它。 一般疑問句 Will+主語be+其它

8、？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+will+主語+be+其它？ 實意動詞 肯定句 主語+will+動詞原形+其它。 否定句 主語+won't+動詞原形+其它。 一般疑問句 Will+主語+動詞原形+其它？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+will+主語+動詞原形+其它？當主語是第一人稱時，助動詞可為 shall.且若為疑問句只能為shall.其作用為:表示將來某個時間將要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài).也可用 主語+am，is，aregoing to do+動詞原形+其它來表示計劃，打算或決定要做的事情。對于很快就會發(fā)生的事，還可用進行時態(tài)表將來，但常局限于有位置移動色彩的動詞，如go，come，leave

9、等。其常用時間狀語為 tomorrow，the day after tomorrow，next.，in+時間段及其它表將來的時間，如in 2010 等.Ex. 1.Hurry up，or you_(be)late. 2.What_you_(do)tomorrow? 3.They_(have) 6 subjects next term. 4.I think it_ again later in the day . A rains B will going to rain C is going to rain D will be rain 5.Where_this time next year?

10、A will you be B will be you C you will be D will you going to be 四、現(xiàn)在進行時 其結構為: 肯定句 主語+ am，is，are+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他. 否定句 主語+ am，is，are +not+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他. 一般疑問句 Am，Is，Are+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他? 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+am，is，are+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他? 其作用為:表示說話當時正在發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作其常用時間狀語為 now，this week，these days 等,也可是置于句首的 Look，Listen.現(xiàn)在進行時也可表示最近按計劃

11、安排將進行的動作,常會有一個表將來的時間狀語。但僅限于少量詞語，如go，come，leave，arrive 等。注：表態(tài)度,情感的動詞和感官動詞不能用于進行時態(tài)（like，know，want，hear等）Ex. 1.They are planting trees on the hill. （改為否定句） They are not planting trees on the hill. 2.Tom is writing a letter to his friend. (改為一般疑問句) Is Tom writing a letter to his friend? 3.I am getting r

12、eady to run. (就劃線部分提問) What are you getting ready to do?五、過去進行時其結構為: 肯定句 主語+was，were+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他. 否定句 主語+was，werenot現(xiàn)在分詞+其他. 一般疑問句 Was，Were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他? 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+was，were+主語+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他? 其作用為：表示過去某個時刻或時段正在進行的動作。其時間狀語為：at this time過去時間 (at this time yesterday)，at that time， at具體時間點+過去時間（at 9:00 o'clock

13、 last night），from 具體時間點 to 具體時間點+過去時間(from 7:00 to 10:00 yesterday morning)。過去進行時還可以與一般過去時搭配用于時間狀語從句中。強調(diào)動作延續(xù)時用過去進行時，強調(diào)動作瞬間發(fā)生時用一般過去時。常用連詞為when，while.Ex. 1.He _(not work) at that time. wasn't working. 2.When the teacher_(come)in，they_(talk) loudly. came 為瞬間發(fā)生的動作,were talking 為持續(xù)的動作。 3.What_you_(re

14、ad) last night? 如此題強調(diào)的是昨夜正在讀什么，則答案為 were，reaing如此題強調(diào)的是昨夜讀了什么，則答案為 did，read 4.His mother _(return)while he_(do)his homework. returned為瞬間發(fā)生的動作,was doing 為持續(xù)的動作。 5.My father_(watch)TV while my mother_(cook).was watching，was cooking 兩動詞均為持續(xù)的動作。while 后的從句動詞必須為進行時態(tài)。若主句和從句均為進行時，連詞必須為 while .六、現(xiàn)在完成時其結構為：肯定句

15、 主語+ have，has +過去分詞+其它。 否定句 主語+ have，has +not+過去分詞+其它。 一般疑問句 Have，Has+ 主語+過去分詞+其它? 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+ have，has+主語+過去分詞+其它?其作用與時間狀語：1）表示過去發(fā)生的動作影響到現(xiàn)在，常與 already, yet, ever, never, just, before 等副詞連用。2）表示過去發(fā)生的動作持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在，常與表一段時間的時間狀語連用。如 for+時間段, since+過去時間，提問用How long.此外，so far, in (during) the last (past)+時間段

16、也是該時態(tài)的時間狀語?，F(xiàn)在完成時強調(diào)過去與現(xiàn)在的聯(lián)系，而一般過去時只強調(diào)過去的動作，與現(xiàn)在無關。在現(xiàn)在完成時的第二個作用中，必須使用持續(xù)性動詞，故某些表瞬間的動詞需要特定的轉換形式。如：die-have been dead，open-have been open, close-have been closed，buy-have had, borrow-have keptarrive (in，at),come(to)+ a place-have been in +a place，leave+ a place-have been away from+ a place，join+團體-have be

17、en in+團體,have been a+團體成員等Ex. 1 How long have you _the book? A borrowed B kept C lent D bought答案為B。因此處需要一個持續(xù)性動詞。2.We _each other since he _. A didn't see，left B haven't seen，has left C haven't seen，left答案為C.因since的主句為現(xiàn)在完成時，從句為過去時。 3._he_(wait) for you for an hour? Has，waited 4.We_just_(h

18、ave) our lunch. Have，had 5.So far, no man_(visit) this village. has visited 七、過去將來時 其結構為：be動詞 肯定句 主語+would be+其它。 否定句 主語+would not be+其它。 一般疑問句 Would+主語+be+其它？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+would+主語+be+其它？ 實意動詞 肯定句 主語+Would+動詞原形+其它。 否定句 主語+wouldn't+動詞原形+其它。 一般疑問句 Would+主語+動詞原形+其它？ 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+would+主語+動詞原形+其它？注：也

19、可用 was，weregoing to do 的結構來表示。其作用為:表示從過去某時看將要發(fā)生的事情.此時態(tài)常用于主句是一般過去時的賓語從句中。Ex. 1.Linda told me that she_(go)to the park the next day. would go 2.We didn't know when he_(arrive)until he called us. would arrive 3.They asked if they _(visit )the farm by bus. were going to visit 八、過去完成時其結構為：肯定句 主語+ had

20、 + 過去分詞+其它。 否定句 主語+ had + not+過去分詞+其它。 一般疑問句 Had+ 主語+ 過去分詞+其它? 特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+ had+ 主語+過去分詞+其它?其作用為：過去某時之前已發(fā)生的動作或情況，即過去的過去，與現(xiàn)在無關。此時態(tài)常用于1）以by，before+過去時間，時間段+before，the (week.)before為時間狀語的簡單句中。2）主句為一般過去時的賓語從句中。3）與一般過去時搭配，用于when，after，before引導的時間狀語從句中Ex. 1.We _(be) there twice by the end of last year. ha

21、d been 2.They_(finish)the work before 1998. had finished 3.He said he _(see) the film the week before. had seen 4.The sun_(rise) when he got up. had risen 5.Yesterday,I _(leave)the classroom after I _(clean) it. left had cleaned現(xiàn)在完成時中，關于終止性動詞與持續(xù)性動詞的要求，在過去完成時中，依然適用。EXERCISES一、用所給動詞的適當形式填空 1.I usually

22、 (get) up at six，but yesterday I (get) up at seven, and tomorrow I (get) up at eight.2.When I got there, you already (start) playing.3.She (draw) a horse at this time yesterday.4.We (study) in this school for 3 years.5.If it (not rain) tomorrow, they (go) fishing.6.Lily said that she (put) on the ne

23、w dress the next day.7.How many times the girl (see) the film since last year?8.Jack (collect) more than two hundred Chinese stamps.9.By the end of last month, he (teach) us four English songs.10.The doctors (operate) on the sick boy now.11.My brother (speak) French well.12.There (be) a volleyball m

24、atch on the playground tomorrow afternoon.13.Look,the students (have) a physics lesson in the lab.14.When we (arrive) home yesterday afternoon, the wind (blow) hard.15.We never (hear) the story of Miss Evans before.16.I (not write) to my friend Mike for a long time.17.Please (not open) the window. I

25、t (be) cold outside.18.Hurry up! We (wait) for you.19.Listen! Someone (knock) at the door.20.Do you know if he (come) next week?21.Soon they (build) a high way between the two cities.22.I just (buy) a dictionary. I (buy) it last week. Now, I (look) up a word in it.23.He (finish) junior middle school

26、 in July 1997.24.Kate's sister (play) the piano wonderfully.25.We didn't get the tickets because our teacher (give) them all to the other class.26. it (take) you half an hour to finish your homework yesterday?27.The teacher told us that we (not have) a maths test the next Monday.28. the bus

27、(come) yet?29.These foreign friends (be) to the Great Wall twice.30.Jim isn't at home. He (go) to his uncle's.31."Mother,may I go out and play?"" you (clean) your bedroom?""Yes, I (do) it five minutes ago."32.The boy is not hungry. He (have) his lunch.33.I think

28、 the suit (fit) me before long though it (not fit) me now.34.As soon as the rain (stop),they (go) out and played happily.35.They (call) you in a day or two.36.I (tell) her the news as soon as she (come) back. I promise you.(我答應你)37.Her aunt (study) in Germany at this time last year.38 you (read) thi

29、s book? No, but I (borrow) one from the library .Would you like to go with me?39.Please keep quiet. Can't you see we (talk) about something important?40.Our teacher often (work) at night but she usually (go) to work on time.二、單項選擇、填空( )1.-Where is Kate? -She _ to England.Ahas been Bhas gone Cwil

30、l be Dwill go( )2.What_he_ when his mother opened the door?Adid，do B had done C will do D was，doing( )3.-How long _the man_? -For 4 years.Ahas，died Bdid，die C was，died Dhas，been dead( )4.She told us that she _ our factory the next day.A had visited B was visited C would visit Dwill visit( )5.We _ no

31、t go to the cinema if it _this afternoon.Awill，will snow B will，snows Cdo，snows Ddo，will snow( )6.Mr Lee said he _ never _to Japan.Ahas，gone B has，been C had，gone Dhad，been( )7.The earth _ around the sun all the year.A has moved B moved Cmoves D will move( )8.He_his bike，he has to walk to school.A l

32、ost B loses C has lost D had lost( )9.I was late for the meeting. When I reached there，all the people_.Ahad left B has been left Chas left Dhad been away( )10.Two years has passed since I _you the first time.Ameet B have met C met Dhad met( )11.I _in Beijing for half a year now.A was Bhave come Chad

33、 come Dhave been( )12.When we _the railway station，the train _for 5 minutes.Agot to，had been away B reached，had leftCarrived，has been away D arrived at，has left( )13.-_ we go and see Liu Ming tomorrow? -Good idea! He _be very pleased.A Will，will B Shall，will C Shall，shall D Will，shall( )14.The story

34、 _in London in1940.A happened B has happened Chappens D was happening( )15.Look，the birds _ towards the south. They _ to the south every year.Aare flying，flies Bfly，are flyingCare flying，fly Dwere flying，flew( )16.How long have you _the book?A bought B borrowed C keep D had( )17.I have _the USA for

35、two months.A been to B gone to C been in D went( )18.We_millions of trees on the hills in a few years' time. Ahave planted Bplanted C will plant D plant ( )19.They_a film this evening.Asee Bare seeing Cshall see Dare going to see( )20.My brother _a League member for three years.A has been B has

36、become C has joined Dwas ( )21.He knew Beijing very well because he _there many times.A had been B went C has been Dwas ( )22.His uncle _the Army two years ago.A joins B joined Chas joined Dhas been in ( )23.He_there already.A arrives B arrived C has arrived D has been ( )24.Please_to me as soon as

37、you _ there.A write，get B wrote，got C writing，get D write，will get( )25.He_some friends and he often _ them during his stay in Tokyo.A has, visits B has, visited C had, visited D had, visits( )26.How often _you _to the park when you were in Tianjin?A do, go B did, go C will, go D have, gone ( )27.Wh

38、at do you_ do tomorrow?A want to B going to C go to D like to( )28.The students _ on a farm for ten days. Then they _ to a factory. Though they _ back at school, they still remembered those famers and workers.A have stayed，went，were B had stayed，go，areC have stayed，go，have been D had stayed，went，wer

39、e( )29.It _ Thursday tomorrow.A is going to be B will going to be C will D will be( )30.I _ him since we last met in 1998.A don't see B haven't seen C didn't see D have seen( )31.My mother often _ clothes last summer.A wash B washes C washed D is washing( )32.He_always late for school wh

40、en he was young.A is B was C will be D were( )33.He usually _to school by bus.Ago B went C goes D will go( )34.Last summer I went to Beijing and _ there for one month.A have stayed B stays C stay D had stayed( )35.Last night, my father _ reading the book for about 2 hours.A keeps B had kept C kept D

41、 has kept( )36.Do you know that sound _ much more slowly than light.A go B went C goes D will go( )37.As soon as he _ home, he will have a bath.A get B will get C gets D is getting( )38.He fell asleep while he _a book. A read B was reading C is reading D had read( )39.Look, someone _a picture on the

42、 blackboard. How beautiful it looks!A draws B is drawing Chas drawn D drew( )40.Look at the empty room. All the guests_.A are, leaving B left C have left D will leave( )41.Look,Susan!What a beautiful dress my mother _me!A is buying B has bought C buys D bought( )42.His father died when he _ a child.

43、A is B was C had been D has been( )43.We arrived after the film_.A has started B had started C was started D had been started( )44.Let's wait till the rain_.A has stopped B will stop C is stopping D stops ( )45.It _5 years since we knew each other.A is B had been C will be D was( )46.She _sad si

44、nce you went away.A has been B is C was D had been( )47.I _him for two months.A got to know B have got to know Chave know Dknew( )48.That's why you _so worried in the last few days.A are B have been C had been D were( )49.The scientist _us a talk on air by then.A gave B will give Cgives D had given( )50._5:30 yesterday，they had finished th work.