國際商務(wù)英語簡要和課后答案

1、International Business EnglishLesson 1International BusinessBusiness Knowledge:The major differences between international business and domestic businessA. Differences in legal systemsB. Differences in currenciesC. Differences in cultural backgroundD. Different in natural and economic conditionsThe

2、major types of international businessA. Tradea. Commodity tradeb. Service tradeB. Investmenta. Foreign direct investmentb. Portfolio investmentC. Other typesa. Licensing and franchisingb. Management contract and contract manufacturingc. Turnkey project and BOTTrade Terms:1. Customs area關(guān)稅區(qū):2. Conver

3、sion貨幣兌換3. Visible trade有形貿(mào)易: The form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption or resale in another. (including cash transaction-by means of money and market, and counter trade)4. Invisible trade無形貿(mào)易: The form of transportation,

4、communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries.5. FDI外國直接投資: Foreign direct investments. Returns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in a host country. / P.256. One country acquires assets in a foreign country for th

5、e purpose of controlling and managing them.6. Portfolio investment證券投資: Purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling.7. Stocks股票: Capital stocks or bonds.8. Bonds債券: The papers issued by a government or a firm with promise to pay back the money lent or invested together

6、 with interest.9. Maturity（票據(jù)等）到期10. Certificate of deposit大額存單11. Licensing許可經(jīng)營: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income

7、in the form of royalty.12. Franchising特許經(jīng)營: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.13. Trade Mark商標14. Patent專利15. Royalty專利（許可）使用費，版稅16. Copyright版權(quán)17. Li

8、censer許可方18. Licensee被許可方 19. Franchiser特許方: A firm who provides the franchisee with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty.20. Franchisee被特許方: A firm is allowed to operate in the name of another.21. Management contract管理合同: Under a management contract, one company offer

9、s managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the relevant business volume.22. Value chain價值鏈23. Turnkey project“交鑰匙”工程: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all

10、the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon completion.24. BOT建設(shè)、經(jīng)營和移交: Build, Operate, Transfer25. Expertise專門知識26. Bonus紅利、獎金、津貼27. Royalty 許可使用費28. International investment國際投資: Supplying capital by residents of one country to another.29. Contract m

11、anufacturing承包生產(chǎn)30. GATT關(guān)貿(mào)總協(xié)定: General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade31. International business國際商務(wù): Transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export.32. Intellectual prope

12、rty知識產(chǎn)權(quán)33. Oil deposit: 石油儲備 = oil reserves34. the reserves of natural resources 自然資源儲備35. Personal advancement個人的晉升，個人素質(zhì)的提高以及個人事業(yè)的進步等。Answer the following questions:1. What does international business refer to? Please tell the difference between international business and domestic business.A: Inter

13、national business refers to transaction between parties from different countries. Sometimes business across the borders of different customs areas of the same country is also regarded as import and export. Some major differences between international business and domestic business is following:(1) D

14、ifferences in legal systems(2) Differences in currencies(3) Differences in cultural background(4) Different in natural and economic conditions2. Please explain the differences between visible trade and invisible trade. Which is becoming more and more important and accounts for an increasing proporti

15、on in international trade?A: Visible trade is the form of commodity trade. The form of transportation, communication, banking, insurance, consulting, information etc. is called invisible trade or service industries. The later is become more and more important.3. Can you cite some examples to illustr

16、ate cultural differences in international business?A: Cultural differences including language, customs, traditions, religion, value, behavior etc.4. Please elaborate on the two categories of international investment. What is their major difference?A: FDI (Foreign direct investment) is made for retur

17、ns through controlling the enterprises or assets invested in in a host country. Portfolio investment refers to purchases of foreign financial assets for a purpose other than controlling. Such financial assets may be stocks, bonds or certificates of deposit.5. What is licensing? Why do firms sometime

18、s choose it as a means of entering a foreign market?A: In licensing, a firm leases the right to use its intellectual property to a firm in another country. They choose licensing because they do not have to make cash payments to stat business, and can simply receive income in the form of royalty. Bes

19、ides, they can benefit from locational advantages of foreign operation without any obligations in ownership or management. The use of licensing is particularly encouraged by high customs duty and non-tariff barriers on the part of the host country.6. What is franchising? How is it different from lic

20、ensing?A: Under franchising, franchisee is allowed to operate in the name of another, franchiser who provides the former with trademarks, brand names, logos and operating techniques for royalty. In comparison with the relation between the licenser and the licensee, the franchiser has more control ov

21、er and provides more support for the franchisee.7. What is a management contract? Under what conditions is it most applicable?A: Under a management contract, one company offers managerial or other specialized services to another within a particular period for a flat payment or a percentage of the re

22、levant business volume. When a government forbids foreign ownership in certain industries it considers to be of strategic importance but lacks the expertise for operation, management contracts maybe a practical choice enabling a foreign company to operate in the industry without owning the assets.8.

23、 What is an international turnkey project? In what way is its variant BOT different from it?A: For an international turnkey project, a firm signs a contract with a foreign purchaser and undertakes all the designing, contracting and facility equipping before handing it over to the latter upon complet

24、ion. For a BOT project, a firm operates a facility for a period of time after building it up before finally transferring it to a foreign company. Making profit from operating the project for a period is the major difference between BOT and the common turnkey projectTranslate the following sentences

25、into English:1.國際貿(mào)易一般指不同國家的當事人進行的交易，它涉及到許多因素，因而比國內(nèi)貿(mào)易要復(fù)雜得多。International business refers to transaction between parties form different countries. It involves more factors and thus is more complicated the domestic business.2.隨著經(jīng)濟一體化進程的發(fā)展，很少人和公司能完全獨立于國際商務(wù)之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知識是十分必要的，這既有益于企業(yè)的發(fā)展又有益于個人的進步。W

26、ith the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can completely stay away from international business. Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of enterprises and personal advancement.3.其他參與國際貿(mào)易的形式有管理合同、承包生產(chǎn)和“交鑰匙”工程。Other forms for participati

27、ng in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing and turnkey project.4.國際貿(mào)易最初以商品貿(mào)易的形式出現(xiàn)，即在一國生產(chǎn)或制造商品而出口或進口到另一國進行消費或轉(zhuǎn)售。International business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e. exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for consumption o

28、r resale in another.5.除了國際貿(mào)易和投資，國際許可和特許經(jīng)營有時也是進入國外市場的一種方式。Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are sometimes taken as a means of entering a foreign market.Lesson 2Income Level and the World MarketBusiness Knowledge:(1) GNP and GDP(2) Per capita income and per capita G

29、DP(3) High-income, middle income and low-income countriesA. Standards for classificationB. Representative countries(4) Triad and QuadA. United StatesB. Western EuropeC. JapanD. Canada(5) Other important markets for ChinaTrade Terms:1. GNP國民生產(chǎn)總值: Gross national Product. The market value of goods and

30、services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy.2. GDP國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值: Gross Domestic Product. The market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.3. National income國民收入4. Per capita income人均收入5. Per capita GDP人均國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值: It is calculate

31、d by dividing its total GDP by its population, which reveals the average income level of consumers.6. PPP購買力平價: Purchasing power parity7. Consumerism消費主義8. Income distribution收入分布: The proportions of its rich, middle income and poor people.9. Infra structure基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施10. Staple goods大路貨11. Invoice （開）發(fā)票12

32、. Creditor country債權(quán)國13. OECD經(jīng)合組織，經(jīng)濟合作與開發(fā)組織: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.14. The Commonwealth of Independent States 獨聯(lián)體，獨立國家聯(lián)合體15. ASEAN 東盟，東南亞國家聯(lián)盟: Association of Southeast Asian Nationals.16. NIEs（亞洲四小虎）: Newly Industrialized Economies17. Factors of production生產(chǎn)要素Answer t

33、he following questions:1. Explain the concepts of GNP and GDP respectively and point out their major difference. Can we use them interchangeably?A: GNP (Gross national Product) refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economy. G

34、DP (Gross Domestic Product) measures the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy. The difference between them is that GNP focuses on ownership of the factors of production while GDP concentrates on the place where production takes place. The differenc

35、e between GNP and GDP can be ignored since it very small in most cases. Therefore, we can use them interchangeably.2. In what different ways are GDP and per capita income significant in assessing the potential of a particular market?A: Total GDP indicates the overall size of an economy, which is imp

36、ortant in market assessment for durable equipment or bulk goods (grain, steel or cement). Per capita GDP reveals the average income level of consumers, which is important when marketing consumer durables.3. What are meant by high income, middle income, and low-income countries according to the World

37、 Bank? Cite some examples for each group.A: High-income countries: those enjoying annual per capita income of $9386 and above. In this group comprise three types of countries; most members of OECD, rich oil producing countries of the Middle East, small-industrialized countries or regions. Middle-inc

38、ome countries: those with annual per capita income below $9386 but above $765. Included in this category is most East European countries and most members of the Commonwealth of Independent States, six OECD members, quite a number of Latin American countries and some comparatively developed countries

39、 in Asia, South Africa and oil-producing countries in African. Low-income countries: those that have per capita incomes of only $765 or even less. Most African countries, some Asian countries and a few Latin American countries are included in this group.4. Why are high-income countries important to

40、trade and investment? Should we neglect low-income countries in international business?A: High-income countries often have good infrastructure, high purchasing power, and advanced technology, efficient management and favorable environment for trade and investment. They offer prime markets for expens

41、ive consumer goods and are both attractive sources and destinations of investment. In international trade the low-income countries should not be neglected, because they constitute markets for lower-priced staple goods, provide cheap labor and are often rich in resources. Once tapped, the business po

42、tential of these countries will one day become real business opportunities.5.Was China a low-income country a few years ago? How about now?A: China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.6.What does the term “Triad” r

43、efers to? What is meant by Quad?A: The term Triad refers to the three richest regions of the world; the United States, the European Union and Japan that offer the most important business opportunities. The scope of Triad to include Canada and name the broadened grouping Quad.7. How much do you know

44、about OECD? Please make a brief account.A: OECD means Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development. The organization is included 29 members, 23 of them are high-income countries and 6 are middle-income countries. The headquarters is in Paris.8. What is the best policy for China to develop b

45、usiness opportunities? A: So far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, India and a bit farther away Australia. These countries or regions either have rich consumers and offer good business opportu

46、nities or are developing fast with very promising market potential. And their geographical proximity to China is a great advantage for us in developing business relations with them.Translate the following sentences into English:1. 民生產(chǎn)總值和國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值是表明一國收入的兩個重要概念。區(qū)別在于前者強調(diào)的是生產(chǎn)要素的所屬權(quán)而后者著重于進行生產(chǎn)的國家。GNP and GD

47、P are two important concepts used to indicate a countrys total income. The difference between them is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the country where production takes place.2. 要評估某一市場的潛力，人們往往要分析其收入水平，因為它為那里居民的購買力高低提供了線索。In assessin

48、g the potential of a country as a market, people often look at per capita income since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.3. 世界各國被世界銀行分為三大領(lǐng)域：高收入國家，中等收入國家和低收入國家。Countries of the world are divided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle-income and low-

49、income economies.4. 中國現(xiàn)在年人均收入為1100美元以上，但幾年前它還是個低收入國家。China with a per capita income of over $1100 is a middle-income country though it was a low-income country just a few years ago.5. 就中國來說，周圍還有其他應(yīng)特別關(guān)注的市場，如亞洲四小虎、東盟國家、俄羅斯等國，這些國家都具有前景看好的市場潛力，能為中國提供很好的商機。As far as China is concerned, other markets we s

50、hould pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc. These countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China.Lesson 3Regional Economic IntegrationBusiness Knowledge:(1) Major objectives of regional i

51、ntegration *(2) For levels of regional economic integrationA. Free trade areaB. Customs unionC. Common marketD. Economic union(3) European Union (EU)(4) Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)(5) Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC)Trade Terms:1. Economic integration經(jīng)濟一體化2. Free tra

52、de area自由貿(mào)易區(qū): The members remove barriers to trade among themselves while still adopts each own external policy3. Customs union關(guān)稅同盟: The members remove barriers to trade among themselves and adopt the same external policy4. Tariff rates關(guān)稅稅率5. Settlement6. NAFTA北美自由貿(mào)易協(xié)定: North American Free Trade Agr

53、eement7. Common market共同市場: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production and adopt the same external policy.8. Banknotes circulation貨幣流通9. Cartel卡塔爾10. APEC亞太經(jīng)合組織，亞洲太平洋經(jīng)濟合作組織: Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation11. OPEC石油輸出國組織: Organization of Petroleum Exporting Cou

54、ntries12. European Commission歐盟委員會13. Council of ministers部長理事會14. Dual-Ministerial Meeting雙部長會議15. Quota Restrictions配額限制16. Economic Union (EU)經(jīng)濟同盟: The members remove barriers not only to trade but also to factors of production, adopt the same external policy and harmonize their taxation, governm

55、ent expenditure, industry policies and use the same currency.17. EU歐盟，歐洲聯(lián)盟: European Union18. EC歐共體，歐洲共同體: European Community19. Benelux荷比盧（比利時、荷蘭和盧森堡三國）:Belgium, Netherlands, Luxemburg20. Mercousur南方共同市場: Southern Cone Customs Union21. ECSC歐洲煤鋼共同體: European Coal and Steel Community22. EEC歐洲經(jīng)濟共同體: E

56、uropean Economic Community23. EURATOM歐洲原子能共同體，歐洲原子能聯(lián)營: European Atomic Energy Community24. SOM高官會議: Senior Officials Meeting25. TILF貿(mào)易投資便利化自由化: Trade and investment liberation and facilitation26. ECOTECH經(jīng)濟技術(shù)合作: Economic and technical cooperation27. Political entity政治實體28. Sovereign state主權(quán)國家29. Mult

57、i-polarization多極化30. Sub-committee分委員會31. NTA新跨大西洋議程: New Transatlantic Agenda32. TABD跨大西洋商業(yè)對話: Transatlantic Business Dialogue33. TACD跨大西洋消費者對話: Transatlantic Consumer Dialogue34. Territory economies區(qū)域經(jīng)濟體35. Pacific Rim環(huán)太平洋圈36. Informal Meeting of Economic Leaders領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人非正式會議Answer the following questi

58、ons:1. What is a free trade area? Make a brief account of the most notable free trade area in the world.A: Free trade area is the loosest form in the regional economic integration. Members in this form removes barriers to the flow of goods and services among themselves while each member still adopts its own policy as regards to trade with outsiders. The most notable one is the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), the largest free market formed by th