考研英語試題語法難點精析匯總

1、 考研英語試題語法難點精析（15） MPA考試 推薦給好友 收藏本頁 2007/5/29 保存本文 5不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別 （1）現(xiàn)在分詞與過去分詞作狀語的區(qū)別。 現(xiàn)在分詞做狀語與過去分詞做狀語的最主要區(qū)別在于兩者與所修飾的主語的主動與被動關系的區(qū)別。 1）現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語時，現(xiàn)在分詞的動作就是句子主語的動作，它們之間的關系是主動關系。 He went out shutting the door behind him. 他出去后將門隨手關上。 Not knowing what to do, he went to his parents for help. 由于不知如何辦是好，他去找父母幫忙。

2、 2）過去分詞作狀語時，過去分詞表示的動作是句子主語承受的動作，它們之間的關系是被動關系。 Given more attention, the trees could have grown better. 如果對這些樹多關心一些，它們本來會長得更好。 Faced with difficulties, we must try to overcome them. 在遇到困難的時候，我們必須設法克服。 (2動詞不定式和分詞作狀語的區(qū)別 1分詞作狀語一般表示伴隨，而不定式常常表示目的。 They stood by the roadside talking about the plan他們站在路邊談論著

3、這個計劃。(伴隨 They stood by the roadside to talk about the plan他們站在路邊為的是談論這個計劃。(目的 2分詞作狀語放在句子開頭，除表示原因之外有時表示時間或條件。動詞不定式作狀語時，除了表示目的以外，還表示結果或原因。 Reading attentively，he forgot the time for lunch由于在專心讀書，他忘了吃午飯的時間。(原因 Reading carefully，he found something he had not known before他仔細讀書時，發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些從前不知道的東西。(時間 Reading

4、carefully，youll learn something new只要你仔細閱讀，你會學到一些新的東西。(條件 His family was too poor to support him他的家庭太窮，不能維持他的生活。(結果 The boy is not tall enough to reach the book shelf這男孩個子不夠高，手伸不到書架。(結果 We are glad to hear the news我們很高興聽到這消息。(原因 （3）下面一些句型是不定式做狀語時候應該注意的： a：not/never tooto, toonot to , but/only too to

5、, too ready/eager/apt/inclined to 表示肯定意義 b：做結果狀語的不定式只能出現(xiàn)在句子的末尾，常見的不定式動詞有：find, hear, see, be told, form, give, make, produce 等。 c：不定式做狀語時，其邏輯主語一般為句子的主語，否則用for引導主語。 轉貼于：MPA考試_考試大 【責編:pengjinling 糾錯】 5天5夜突破英語聽說，100%保證！點擊進入 考研英語試題語法難點精析（16） MPA考試 推薦給好友 收藏本頁 2007/5/29 保存本文 6非謂語動詞?？嫉钠渌Y構 （1疑問詞+不定式結構 疑問詞w

6、ho，what，which，when，where和how后加不定式可構成一種特殊的不定式短語。它在句中可以用作主語、的賓語、的表語和雙重賓語。如： When to start has not been decided何時動身尚未決定。(主語 I dont know what to do我不知道該怎么辦。(賓語 The difficulty was how to cross the river困難在于如何過河。(表語 I can tell you where to get this book.我可以告訴你哪里可以買到此書。（雙重賓語） （注）A.有時疑問詞前可用介詞，如： I have no i

7、dea of how to do it.我不知道如何做此事。 B.動詞know 后面不能直接跟不定式作賓語，只能跟疑問詞（如：how, what）+不定式： While still a young boy, Tom knew to play the piano well and as he grew older, he wrote operas, the most famous of which is Carmen. (2介詞except和but作“只有，只能”講時跟不定式結構（but與不帶to的不定式連用）。 When the streets are full of melting snow

8、, you cannot help but getting your shoes wet. (3不帶to的不定式 1）在表示生理感覺的動詞后的不定式不帶to。這類詞有： feel 覺得 observe 注意到，看到 overhear聽到 watch注視 listen to聽 perceive察覺，感知 notice注意 see看見 look at看 hear聽 On seeing the young child fell into the lake，Eric sprang to his feet，and went on the rescue. 2另一類是某些使役動詞，如make, let，ha

9、ve等。如： Let him do it.讓他做吧。 I would have you know that I am ill我想要你知道我病了。 (注： 上述感覺動詞與使役動詞轉換為被動結構時其后的不定式一般需帶to，如： He was seen to come The boy was made to go to bed early. 在動詞find與help之后，不定式可帶to亦可不帶to，如: He was surprised to find the sheep (to break fence at this season他發(fā)現(xiàn)羊在此季節(jié)越出柵欄，感到驚訝。 3在do nothingany

10、thingeverything but(except結構中。例如： Last night I did nothing but watch TV昨天晚上，我除了看電視別的什么也沒有干。 但是，如果謂語動詞不是“do nothing，anything，everything”，那么but(except所跟的不定式則仍須帶。 The doctor told him nothing but to stop smoking醫(yī)生除了讓他戒煙，其它什么都沒有說。 There was nothing for them to do but to remain silent除了保持沉默以外，他們沒有別有別的辦法。

11、（4）不定式與動名詞的邏輯主語和分詞獨立結構 1不定式的邏輯主語為：for +名詞(或代詞賓格+ 不定式。例如： I found it impossible for him to do the job alone我發(fā)現(xiàn)他個人干這活是不可能的。 (注在表示人物性格、的特性等的形容詞后面，常用of引出不定式的邏輯主語。例如： It was wise of him to do that他那樣做是明智的。 2動名詞的邏輯主語為；人稱代詞的所有格+動名詞；名詞s+動名詞。例如： Tom insisted on my going with them他堅持要我和他們一起去。 He dislikes his

12、wifes working late他不喜歡他妻子工作得很晚。 3某些形容詞，如：careless等不定式后可以加of來引導出其邏輯主語。這類詞主要有：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel ,selfish, wicked, wrong等 It is very ki

13、nd of you to help me你幫助我太好了。 間或也可用for + there to be表示（而且there后面的不定式只能是to be）。 Its a great pity for there to be much trouble in the company.太遺憾了公司里有這么多的麻煩。 轉貼于：MPA考試_考試大 【責編:pengjinling 糾錯】 5天5夜突破英語聽說，100%保證！點擊進入 考研英語試題語法難點精析（17） MPA考試 推薦給好友 收藏本頁 2007/5/29 保存本文 7非謂語動詞中的有關句型 （1）動名詞作主語的句型 1）Doing.+ v.

14、Reading is an art.閱讀是門藝術。Seeing is believing.眼見為實。 2 It is + no use, no good (fun, a great pleasure, a waste of time, a bore.等名詞+doing sth. It is no use crying.哭沒有用。It is no good objecting.反對也沒有用。 It is a great fun playing football打籃球很有趣。 It is a waste of time trying to explain設法解釋是浪費時間。 3It is + us

15、eless (nice, good，interesting, expensive等形容詞+ doing sth It is useless speaking.光說沒用。 It is nice seeing you again真高興又遇到了你。 It is good Playing chess after supper晚飯后弈棋挺好。 It is expensive running this car開這種小車是浪費。 4There is no + doing.(there is no 表“不可能” There is no telling what he is going to do說出他要干什么

16、是不可能的。 There is no saying what may happen.說出將要發(fā)生什么是不可能的。 5There is no use (good/point/sense/harm+doing sth.做某事沒用(不好/意義/重要性 There is no use crying over spilt milk牛奶灑了，哭也無用。 6have difficulty /trouble/problem + (in+doing have作有解時，后接情感名詞(in可省略，再接動名詞。這類詞還有trouble, fun, a hard time, a good time. 例如：We had

17、 difficulty (in carrying out the plan我們執(zhí)行計劃有困難。 7feel like + 名詞 感覺像動名詞 “ 想要” =would like to +原形動詞 I feel like a newborn baby我感覺像一個新生的嬰兒。 Do you feel like going to a movie?你想看電影嗎? I dont feel like studying tonight今晚我不想讀書。 8 spend/waste time doing sth. They spent a lot time (in making preparations他們花了

18、許多時間作準備。 9在require后只能用動名詞，不能用不定式，盡管表示被動的意思也要用動名詞的主動形式。 This problem requires studying with great care這個問題需要仔細研究。 10）cannot help doing sth.忍不?。ㄗ鍪裁矗?I cannot help laughing, once I see john in that big trouser. (2有關分詞句型 1在表示感覺和心里狀態(tài)的動詞see，hear，feel，smell，listen(to，notice，observe，smell，watch這類表示感覺的動詞之后常跟

19、“賓語+現(xiàn)在分詞”的復合結 構，這種動詞與分詞之間的賓語可以是普通名詞或專有名詞(人各等，也可以是代詞賓格(him，us等。例如： She smelt something burning and saw smoke rising她聞到有東西在燃燒并看到有煙升起來了。 I watched them rehearsing the play我看他們排演戲。 I could feel the wind blowing on my face我能感覺到風在我臉上吹過。 2表示“致使”等意義的動詞，如：catch，find，leave，give，have，get，set后也可跟上述(1的結構，有時也可跟過去

20、分詞結構。例如： I caught them stealing my apples我抓住他們偷我的蘋果。 If she catches me reading her diary，shell be furious.如果她抓住我偷看她的日記，她會憤怒的。 We found him waiting to receive us我們發(fā)現(xiàn)他正等著接待我們。 3go +現(xiàn)在分詞表示“從事”之意，這時現(xiàn)在分詞做主語補語。go之后所接現(xiàn)在分詞均表示短暫而又愉快的戶外活動。如：jogging慢跑，fishing釣魚， dancing跳舞，skating溜冰，bowling打保齡球，shopping 購物，sigh

21、tseeing游覽，camping露營。 Ill go camping tomorrow我明天去露營。 Ill go shopping我去商店。 Would you like to go skating with me?你想和我去溜冰嗎? 4be busy + v-ing(現(xiàn)在分詞忙著做 I am busy writing my thesis我正忙著寫論文。 His assistant is busy(in correcting papers他的助教忙于批閱考卷。 或者be busy with + n.忙著做某事。 He is busy with his work他忙著工作。 5What do

22、 you say to + ing分詞?(怎么樣? What do you say to joining us for dinner?和我們一起進餐，你看怎么樣? （3）有關動詞不定式句型 下面這些詞組是不定式的習慣用法，只能用不定式形式。 can not help but do, can not but do, cannot choose but do, can do nothing but do, have no choice/alternative to do When I consider how talented he is as a painter, I cannot help b

23、ut believe that the public will appreciate his gift. (4there be的非謂語形式 there be非謂語形式可在句中作主語、的賓語、的狀語和定語。(其中作賓語和狀語在1991年和1994年測試過，定語見1996年題10。 The students expected there to be more reviewing classes before the final exams(作賓語如1991年題30 1作動詞賓語時，通常用there to be結構，而不用there being。能這樣用的及物動詞為：expect，like，mean

24、，intend，want，prefer，hate等，如： We dont want there to be any comrades lagging behind，我們不希望有任何同志掉隊。 They hate there to be long queues everywhere.他們不愿意處處都要排長隊。 We have no objection to there being a meeting here我們并不反對在這里開會。 It isnt enough for there to be a frost tonight，so I can leave Jims car out quite s

25、afely(作狀語 2作狀語多用there being結構，但若置于介詞之后，for用there to be整個介詞短語作程度狀語，其它多半用there being。 There being nobody else at hand, I had to do by myself由于附近沒有人，我只得獨自干了。(原因狀語 Its too early for there to be anybody up太早了，還不會有人起床。(作程度狀語 There having been no rain for a long time，the ground was very dry因為好長時間沒下雨了，地面非常干

26、燥。(原因狀語 3作主語時兩種結構都可以，但如是用for引導則要用there to be。 It is not uncommon for there to be problems of communication between old and young老人與年青人之間存在著溝通問題是很常見的。 There being a kindergarten on campus is a great convenience to female teachers幼兒園在校園內(nèi)對女教師十分方便。 4作定語。 There be結構作定語時，定語從句中謂語為there be，there之前的關系代詞常常省略。

27、如： This is the fastest train (that there is to Nanking這是到南京的最快一班車。 I must make full use of the time there is left to me and do as much as I can for the people我要充分利用我剩下的歲月盡量為人民多做些事。 轉貼于：MPA考試_考試 大 【責編:pengjinling 糾錯】 5天5夜突破英語聽說，100%保證！點擊進入 考研英語試題語法難點精析（18） MPA考試 2007/5/29 保存本文 推薦給好友 收藏本頁 目標測試 1._in t

28、he matriculation for postgraduate in a short time is really a hard nut ATo make high scores BMaking high scores CTo make low goal DMaking low goal 2.I found _ to answer all the questions within the time given Ano possibility Bthere was impossibility Cimpossible Dit impossible 3.The students expected

29、 there _ more reviewing classes before the final exams Ais Bbeing Chave been Dto be 4.Youre going to England next year. You should now practise _ English as much as possible. A. speak B. to speak C. speaking D. Speak about 5.If we dont start out now, we must risk _ the train. A. miss B missing C. be

30、ing missed D to miss 6. The flexibility of film allows the artist _ unstrained imagination to the animation of cartoon characters. Ato bring Bbrining Cis brought Dbrings 7.Although the lecture had already been on for five minutes，I still was not able to find a chair_. A. to sit Bfor to sit on Cto si

31、t on Dfor sitting 8. Surely her daughter would make an even bigger effort _ her? Aplease Bpleased Cto please Dhaving pleased 9.Lots of empty boots were found under the old mans bed. He must have done nothing but _. A. drink B. to drink C. drinking D. drunk 10.The local health organization is reporte

32、d _ twenty-five years age when Dr. Adudon became its first president. A. to be set up B. being set up C. to have been set up D. having been set up 11.I heard him _the door A. locking B. to lock C. lock D. being locking 12.He does nothing but_ A. complaining B.to complaining C. complain D. to complai

33、n 13.The students expected there_ more reviewing classes before the final exam. A. is B. being C have been D. to be 14. The bank is reported in the local newspaper _ in broad daylight yesterday. A. to be robbed B. robbed C. to have been robbed D. having been robbed 15.I appreciated _the opportunity

34、to study abroad two years ago. A. having been given B. having been C. to have been given D. to have given 16.There is no point _further. A. argue B. to argue C. arguing D. being arguing 17.Nowhere in nature is aluminum found free, owing to its always _with other elements, most commonly with oxygen. A. combined