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1、精選優(yōu)質(zhì)文檔-傾情為你奉上經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)人:優(yōu)化浪漫 戀愛中的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(上)Finance and economics: Free exchangeOptimising romance財(cái)經(jīng):自由交流,優(yōu)化浪漫To find true love, it helps to understand theeconomic principles underpinning the search.為找到真愛,理解支撐尋找的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)原理是有幫助的。DAT
2、ING is a treacherous business.約會是一個(gè)有風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的事情。There may be plenty of fish in the sea, yet many are unhygienic, self-absorbed, disconcertinglyattached to ex-fish, or fans of Donald
3、;Trump.人海茫茫,各種各樣的人都有。但是大多數(shù)都是不講衛(wèi)生、自私自戀,尷尬地依附于前任或者是特朗普的粉絲。Digital dating sites, including a growing array of matchmaking apps, are meant to help.數(shù)字約會網(wǎng)站,包括數(shù)量正在不斷增加的各種配對app意在幫人們一把。Their design owes more to hard-nos
4、ed economics than it does to the mysteries of the heart.它們的設(shè)計(jì)更多的是歸功于實(shí)用經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué),而不是心靈的秘密。In a sense, searching for a mate is not so different from hunting for a job.從一定意義上說,尋找真愛與尋找工
5、作沒有什么不一樣。Jobs, like prospective partners, have their strengths and weaknesses, which makes finding theright one a matter of complicated trade-offs.工作如同是意中人,既有優(yōu)點(diǎn)也有缺點(diǎn),這讓找到正確的那個(gè)成了一件耗時(shí)費(fèi)神之事。Such exchanges
6、are different from other transactions, in that both parties must beenthusiastic about the match for it to happen.這種交流不同于其他的交易,雙方必須對即將發(fā)生的配對充滿激情。A supermarket, in contrast, does not parti
7、cularly care whose wallet it is draining, nor does thepower company agonise about whether a customer is worthy of its watts.與之相比,超市是不會特別在意自己正在榨取誰的錢包,電力公司也不會對客戶是否值自己發(fā)的電而煩惱。Alvin Roth, who
8、0;won a Nobel prize in economics for his work on market design, made a career ofstudying such “matching markets”, where supply and demand are not balanced by price.曾
9、因市場設(shè)計(jì)研究獲得過一次諾貝爾經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的阿爾文·羅斯的專項(xiàng)就是研究此類“配對市場”。在配對市場中,供需的平衡不取決于價(jià)格。Instead, people transact based on information.相反,人們是基于信息進(jìn)行交易的。An apple-seller can nudge down his prices until the whole cart is sold.一位蘋果商販可能會把價(jià)格慢慢降至
10、整筐蘋果被售出為止。Yet if Apple were looking to hire two workers, it would not set a salary so puny that only twopeople applied.但是,如果蘋果公司要雇傭兩位員工,它就不會設(shè)置一種適用范圍小到只有兩個(gè)人申請的薪水。The quality of new
11、hires often matters at least as much as their salaries.新員工的質(zhì)量至少經(jīng)常是與他們的薪水同樣重要的。Mr Roth, who won the prize jointly with Lloyd Shapley in 2012, found that the structure ofmatchin
12、g markets made a significant difference in determining who wound up with whom.曾在2012年與勞埃德·沙普利分享諾獎(jiǎng)的羅斯發(fā)現(xiàn),配對市場的結(jié)構(gòu)會在決定誰與誰配對方面產(chǎn)生明顯的差異。Systems designed to elicit people's true preferences generated
13、;better matches betweenhospitals and doctors, for example.例如,為突出人們的真正喜好而設(shè)計(jì)出來的系統(tǒng)曾在醫(yī)院和醫(yī)生之間產(chǎn)生了較好的配對。But the entire medical profession has an interest in improving matches, and so can set up ana
14、tional clearing house to do just that.但是,整個(gè)醫(yī)療行業(yè)的興趣在于改進(jìn)配對,以便能夠搭建起一個(gè)全國性的交換平臺來做這種事。The lovelorn must instead rely on an array of digital matchmakers.單戀之人反而必須依賴眾多的數(shù)字配對者。Good matches depend on good in
15、formation.好的配對取決于好的信息。Even without digital help, people usually have some inkling of how much they have in common.即便沒有數(shù)字的幫助,人們通常也會對雙方的共同之處有個(gè)大概的認(rèn)識。Cosmopolitan strivers move to New York, say,
16、;rather than sleepier cities, in part because theywill meet other ambitious types with similar interests.比如說,去大城市打拼的人之所以要去紐約而不是一些沉悶的城市,部分原因就在于他們能在大城市中遇到同樣野心勃勃之人。Within New York, the places people choo
17、se to spend their timewhether Yankee Stadium or ayoga studiodetermine which sorts of people they come into contact with.在紐約,人們選擇去消磨時(shí)間的地方不管是洋基體育場還是瑜伽館決定了他們所遇到的人的類型。Because it is expensive to&
18、#160;live in New York, and to spend time sweating in a yoga studio orswearing in the stands, people in such settings can be reasonably confident those aroundthem are
19、 in some sense like-minded.因?yàn)殍b于在紐約生活去瑜伽館中流汗或是在看臺上發(fā)泄的成本很高,因而在這種環(huán)境下,人們是能夠?qū)χ車嗌俣际侵就篮系娜顺錆M信心的。But one critical bit of information is missing: whether there is mutual interest.但是,一個(gè)關(guān)鍵的信息在這里被遺漏了:是不是有共同的興趣。The act of&
20、#160;asking someone out is fraught.當(dāng)面邀某人約會的行為是令人擔(dān)憂的。In the non-digital world, approaching a potential partner brings the risk of awkwardness orhumiliation.在非數(shù)字世界中,接近一個(gè)潛在的同伴帶來的是尷尬和受辱的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。Digital dating reduces this cos
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