初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致講

1、初中英語(yǔ)主謂一致主謂一致是指謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與主語(yǔ)在人稱(chēng)和數(shù)上保持一致主謂一致必須遵循三原則：語(yǔ)法上一致，意義上一致，就近一致原則1. 單數(shù)名詞 （代詞 ）或不可數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。復(fù)數(shù)名詞（代詞 ）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)用復(fù)數(shù)。The desk is Tom s. Some water is in the bottle.The students are playing football on the playground.2 .表示時(shí)間、價(jià)格、重量、長(zhǎng)度、數(shù)學(xué)運(yùn)算等的詞或短語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)形式。One and a half hours is enough. Twenty dollars is e

2、nough.Two monthshas passed.Tweney pounds isn t so heavy.3 .動(dòng)詞不定式，動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。例如：To see is to believe.眼見(jiàn)為實(shí)。Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes.4 .主語(yǔ)為one of , each of等加復(fù)數(shù)名詞或代詞，謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù)。如：One of my favorite sports is basketball. Each of them has an English dictionary.5 .不定代詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，例如：Is e

3、veryone here today？Something is wrong with him. Nobody was in.6 . each, either, neither, another, the other 作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Neither answer is correct 兩個(gè)答案都不正確。7 .有些以一s結(jié)尾的名詞本身不表示復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語(yǔ)通常用單數(shù)形式，如news, maths,physics 等。No news is good news. 沒(méi)有消息就是好消息。Maths is very popular in our class 在我們班數(shù)學(xué)很受歡迎。8 . people,

4、police等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，The police（ 警方 ）are searching for the robbers. People here are very friendly.9 .由bothand連接兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；Both his father and his mother are both teachers. 他的爸爸和媽媽都是老師。10“定冠詞+姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式”表示一家人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)一般用復(fù)數(shù)。The Smiths are having dinner.11. a number of+pl.n "許多”表示復(fù)數(shù)；the numbe

5、r of +pl.n "的數(shù)字"表示單數(shù)。A number of famous people were invited to party.許多名人都被邀請(qǐng)參加這個(gè)聚會(huì)。The number of the students is over eight hundred.我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生數(shù)超過(guò)800 人。12. 當(dāng) kind of,pair of, glass of 等短語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)與kind,pair,glass 等一致。This pair o f trousers is very new, but Tom s trousers are very old.There are

6、 two glasses of water on the table. 桌上有兩杯水。13. the+形容詞表示一類(lèi)人時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示抽象概念時(shí)，用單數(shù)形式。The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. 窮人很快樂(lè)，富人卻過(guò)得不快樂(lè)。The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。14. or, eitheror，neithernor，not only but also，notbut，連接兩個(gè)名詞或代詞作主 語(yǔ)以及 here， there 開(kāi)頭的句子，若主語(yǔ)在兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞采用就近原則。Tom or Ja

7、ck is wrong. 不是湯姆就是杰克錯(cuò)了。Either this one or that one is ok.這個(gè)或那個(gè)者 B 行。There is a book and three pens on the desk. 桌子上有一本書(shū)，三只鋼筆Here are some books and paper for you. 這是給你的書(shū)和紙。15. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)分含有 with , together with , along with , as well as, besides, except, but, like 等介詞短語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由主語(yǔ)的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。與介詞短語(yǔ)之后的名詞無(wú)關(guān)。The fru

8、it like apples, oranges is good for our health.Mike with his father has been to England.邁克同他的父親去過(guò)英格蘭。Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football邁克像他的哥哥一樣喜歡踢足球。16.由and連接的兩個(gè)單數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但and所連接的并列主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人，事物，或概念時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。Swimming and walking are good exercises.The bread and the butter _ their mai

9、n food.A. is B. are C. has D. haveThe writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教師來(lái)了。 (作家和教師指同一個(gè)人 )The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老師來(lái)了。(作家和老師是兩個(gè)人 )但every, each, no做定語(yǔ)時(shí)，即使用 and連接兩個(gè)主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)也用單數(shù).No teacher and no student has seen the film.Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位。No food an

10、d no water _in the house.A. is B. has C. are D. have17 . family,class,group,team等集體名詞作主語(yǔ)，若指一個(gè)整體時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式，若指一個(gè)具體成員時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如：His family isn ' t large. 他家的人不多。My family all like watching TV .我們一家人都喜歡看電視。18 .單、復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)意義決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。A sheep is over there. Some sheep are over there.19 . al

11、l/most/half/the rest of+ 名詞，lots of/ a lot of/plenty of+ 名詞，分?jǐn)?shù) /百分?jǐn)?shù) + 名詞作主語(yǔ)， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞由of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致。All of my students work hard. All of the oil is gone.20 .定語(yǔ)從句中關(guān)系代詞who、that、which等在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。I like the music that is interesting.I like the people who are friendly.21 .名詞性物主代詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的

12、單復(fù)數(shù)決于它所代替的是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。Your classroom is small.Ours (=our classroom) is big.Your shoes are white, Mine (= my shoes) are black.22 .在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語(yǔ)一致。如：Between the two buildings is a big tree.24 .population作主語(yǔ)，作“人口”講時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用單數(shù)形式；當(dāng)它作“人們”講時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。另外，當(dāng)分?jǐn)?shù)、百分比數(shù)修飾 population作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。The population

13、of China is very large.Two thirds of Chinese population are farmers.25 .What從句做主語(yǔ)，表語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù).What the students need good books.A. is B. are C. have D. has倒 裝 句英語(yǔ)句子的自然語(yǔ)序是主語(yǔ)在前，謂語(yǔ)在后。把謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前，就叫做倒裝。全部謂語(yǔ)放在主語(yǔ)之前，叫做全部倒裝；只把部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，即特殊動(dòng)詞（ be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞） 放在主語(yǔ)之前，叫做部分倒裝。一、全部倒裝如果謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部放在主語(yǔ)之前，這種語(yǔ)序叫做全部倒裝1 .表示方位的

14、副詞 out,up,down,in,away置于句首時(shí)，句子要用全部倒裝.Out rushed the children.孩子們沖了出去.主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞，主語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序不倒裝.Away he went.他走了.2 .表示方位的介詞短語(yǔ)置于句首，句子要用全部倒裝。如：Into the hall came three women. 大廳里走進(jìn)來(lái)三位婦女。In the east of the school lies a big bookshop.學(xué)校的東邊有一個(gè)大的書(shū)店。3 .存在句（there be/ live/ stand/ lie/ seem等）需要全部倒裝。如：There once lived

15、an old hunter in the house. 這所房子里曾住過(guò)一位老獵人。There seems to be many listeners.似乎有很多聽(tīng)眾。4 .副詞here, there, now, then等置于句首（經(jīng)常與go, come等動(dòng)詞連用，全句需要全部倒裝。Here comes the bus.公共汽車(chē)來(lái)了。Now comes your turn. 現(xiàn)在輪至 U你了。如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞則不用倒裝。：Here they are.他們?cè)谶@兒。5表示時(shí)間的副詞 now,then引導(dǎo)的句子， 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是come,begin,end,follow,be等時(shí)，句子 要用全部倒裝T

16、hen came the worker.如果主語(yǔ)是人稱(chēng)代詞則不用倒裝。Then he went.接著他走了.二、部分倒裝部分倒裝是只把特殊動(dòng)詞（ be 動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和助動(dòng)詞）放在主語(yǔ)前，叫部分倒裝1 .否定副詞never,hardly,seldom,little,not 等置于句首Hardly could he believe his own eyes. 他幾乎不相信自己的眼睛2 only 狀語(yǔ)置于句首Only in this way can you learn English well. 只有用這種辦法，你才能學(xué)好英語(yǔ)3.副詞so放在句首，構(gòu)成 “So+特殊動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)”表示同上邊的肯定情況

17、相同。Neither/ Nor 放在句首構(gòu)成“ Neither/ Nor + 特殊動(dòng)詞主語(yǔ)”表示同上邊的否定情況相同 。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)應(yīng)與前句謂語(yǔ)的時(shí)態(tài)、語(yǔ)態(tài)相一致,數(shù)由后一句主語(yǔ)而定A:I have finished my homework.（ 我已經(jīng)做完作業(yè)了 ）B: So has he. （他也做完了）。A:I haven t seen that film. 我沒(méi)看過(guò)那部電影。B:Neither （Nor） have I. 我也沒(méi)有。 “So+主語(yǔ)+特殊動(dòng)詞”表示贊同對(duì)方的觀點(diǎn).A:She studies very hard.她學(xué)習(xí)很努力.B:So he does.的確這樣.2 .

18、 not only. but also連接兩個(gè)并列句，且not only置于句首時(shí)，前句需要部分倒裝。如Not only did he dislike the way we spoke, but he disliked the way we dressed.他不但不喜歡我們說(shuō)話的方式,而且也不喜歡我們著裝的方式。Exercise1. Miss Huang together with her friends shopping every Sunday evening.A. goB. wentC. goingD. goes2. The United Nations in 1945.A. are s

19、et up B. were set upC. was set upD. is set up3. Ten kilometers way.A. are quite longB. are quite a longC. is quite a longD. is a quite long4. - How many students are there in your class?- the students in our class over fifty.A. The number of; isB. The number of; areC. A number of; isD. A number of;

20、are5. Look! There playing with the children on Dongfeng Square.A. are a number of deerB. is a number of deerC. are a number of deersD. is a number of deers6. Everyone except Tom and John there when the meeting began.A. wasB. wereC. isD. are7. Each of the students a dictionary.A. haveB. hasC. isD. ar

21、e8. 一 Will your sister go to visit Dalian during this summer vacation?一If I don't go,A.neither will she B.neither does sheC.so will she D.so did she9. The Greens France since the spring of 1990.A. have been to B. have been inC. has been toD. had been in10. -How many teachers are there in your sc

22、hool?-About 150. One third of them men teachers.A. haveB. hasC. areD. is11. When and where to go for the holiday yet.A. have not been decidedB. is not decidedC. are not decidedD. has not been decided12. His hobby istakingphotoscollecting stamps.It's growing flowers.A.either; or B.both; andC.not

23、only; but also D.neither; nor13. 一 Have you ever been to Hangzhou, Lucy?一No, I haven't. What about you?A.So do I B.Me, neither C.Me, too D.So have I14. Your trousers dirty, you must have washed.A. is, them B. are, itC. are, themD. is, it15. Not only the student but also Mr. Smiths tired of havin

24、g one examination.A. isB. areC. wasD. were16. My brother asked me ten questions. The first five were easy, but the rest difficult.A. wereB. areC. wasD. is17. The poor happy; but the rich sad.A. is; isB. are; areC. is; areD. are; is18. John and his uncle going hiking tomorrow.A. beB. amC. isD. are19.

25、 Either my friends or I going to the library on Monday.A. isB. beC. amD. are20. - Why did you choose English instead of Japanese?- Because Japanese as popular as English.A. isn tB. aren tC. has been D. have been21. To save time to lengthen life.A. areB. wasC. wereD. is22. Never in the lifeof such a

26、thing.A.he has heard B.has he heard C.he heard D.did he hear23. The Chinese peace but they aren t afraid of war.A. loveB. lovesC. lovedD. loving24. Not only to speak English ,but also he learns to write in English.A.he learns B.does he learn C.has he learnt D.he has learnt25. Nothing difficult in th

27、e world, it?A. are, areB. is, isn tC. are, aren tD. is, is26. On the east of the river three buildings.A. liesB. standsC. standD. are standing27. Xiao Dong is one of the best students in his class who by their teacher.A. praisesB. is praisedC. praiseD. are praised28. Swimming in the pool with the ch

28、ildren very interesting.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are29. politics difficult for you to learn?A. AreB. DoC. DoesD. Is30. No news good news.A. amB. areC. isD. be31. John with his uncle going hiking tomorrow.A. beB. amC. isD. are32. Jimmy s family a large one. The whole family watching TV .A. is; isB. are;

29、areC. is; areD. are; is33. Half of the apple bad.A. areB. isC. wereD. has34. The singer and dancer yet.A. don t comeB. didn t come C. haven t comeD. hasn t come35. With the help of people the number of pandas more and more.A. is gettingB. are getting C. gotD. hasn t got36. that pair of new Tony s?A. Are; shoes B. Is; shoesC. Are; shoes D. Is; shoe37. The number of people invitedfifty,but a number of themabsent fordifferent reasons.A. were, was B. was, was C. was, were D. were, wer