第一講 英語句子結構分析

1、華杰MBA:語法專題cd教學重點：1：掌握五種基本句型2：了解除Be以外的其他四種系動詞。3：了解接TO和FOR的雙賓語的動詞有哪些。4：能夠區(qū)分雙賓語和復合賓語得區(qū)別。ba第一講 英語句子結構分析句子的劃分I. 根據結構劃分：簡單句S+V（主+謂） S+V+P(主+謂+表) S+V+O（主+謂+賓） S+V+o+O（主+謂+間賓+直賓） S+V+O+C（主+謂+賓+賓補） 并列句 and, but, or 復合句：名詞從句（賓，主，表，同） 副詞從句（狀語從句） 形容詞從句（定語從句）II. 根據功能劃分： 陳述句 疑問句（一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反義疑問句，修辭疑問句） 祈使句

2、 感嘆句III. 根據句子成分：單個詞匯 短語 從句一陳述句（五種句型）1. I am a webaholic.我是一個網蟲。Chatting on the internet is interesting. 我喜歡網上聊天。2. Internet dating hurts.網戀有害。3. I like chatting online.我喜歡網上聊天。4. Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.網上聊天給我?guī)砗芏鄻啡ぁ?. We can call internet addicts a webaholic.我們管網上一隱君子叫網蟲。主語謂

3、語動詞五種句型I am a webaholic表語1.主+謂+表Chatting on the internetis Interesting表語Internet dating hurts2.主+謂I likeChatting online賓語3.主+謂+賓Chatting on the internetbringsme間接賓語a lot of fun直接賓語4.主+謂+間賓+直賓We can callInternet addicts賓語a webaholic賓語補足語5.主+謂+賓語+賓補I. 常用作連系動詞： 變成,變得：become, come, fall, get, go, grow,

4、run, turn口訣：好是come，壞是go;天氣、外貌慢慢grow; 流水、金錢緩緩run;顏色、天氣大不同turn；Get become口語化，如果要說就用它.口訣解讀：Come 一般表示事物由壞變好，結果是好的。如：Dreams come true. 夢想成真。Go 一般表示事物由好變壞，結果是不好的。如：It's such a hot day today that this dish has gone smelly.  今天太熱了，菜都餿了。Grow 表示逐漸變化，強調的是緩慢變化的過程，后面往往接表示天氣或外貌變化的靜態(tài)形容詞。如：I want to g

5、row old with you. 我想和你一起慢慢變老。Run 與grow 是對應的，其主語多為能流動，能消耗的東西。如：Still water runs deep.靜水深流。Turn多接表示顏色和天氣的形容詞，側重于表達與之前大不相同。如：The weather suddenly turned hot.天氣突然變熱了。In spring the trees turn green, the flowers come out. 春天樹變綠了，花開了。Getbecome在口語表達時用得比較多，但這二者相比，become相對正式些，其主語既可以是人也可以是物。如：He got angry on h

6、earing the news.聽到這個消息，他變得很生氣。總之，不管英語多么“變”化多端，萬“變”不離其宗。英語學習的終極目標還是為了與人交流，所以多在交流中使用這些“變化”詞，才能真正掌握其內涵。系詞be它有三，am is are ，我（I）用am，you（你）用are，is 用于他她它；單數is，復數are，認真做題不出差。（否句be后not加，疑問句，be句首，句尾？不要丟。） 保持某種狀態(tài)：Continue, keep, lie, remain, stand, stay. 看起來，好像：Appear, look, seem. 感官動詞：Feel, smell, sound, tast

7、e.II. 代雙賓語的動詞“七給”一“帶”to不少,“買”畫“制作”for來了。帶雙賓語的及物動詞,如果把直接賓語置于間接賓語之前,必須在變換時“to”或“for”。這11個及物動詞可以概括為下邊兩句話,讀起來妙趣橫生,效果很好1、“七給”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“帶”(bring)8個及物動詞,在直接賓語前置時,必須在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.” 如:He lent some money to me.類似動詞的還有：get,mail,offer,owe(借），pay,promise,read

8、,sell,take,teach等2、“buy”(買);“draw”(畫);“make”(制作)三個動詞,在直接賓語前置時,則必須在后邊加“for”,構成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。如:Mother bought a new dress for me。類似的動詞還有：build，choose, cook, cut, do, find, fix,leave,order(訂購）,reach等。3、當直接賓語是代詞時，間接賓語for和to于直接賓語之后如：Richard made it for him。理查德為他做的這個東西Give it to me。把它給我4、 有些動詞后可

9、單獨用直接賓語、間接賓語或雙賓語，如ask,teach,tell,owe, pay.I asked John. 我問約翰I asked a question. 我問了一個問題I asked John a question.我問了約翰一個問題5、 suggest,explain,introduce,mention,deliver,announce等動詞后必須跟介詞to,不能進行直接賓語與間接賓語的轉換。Could you explain your point of view to us?=Could you explain to us your point of view?6、 易錯的動詞搶劫/

10、偷某人某物：Rob/steal sb. sth (錯誤）正確的說法：rob sb of sth   steal sb from sth.類似的還有：cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病rid sb of sth 從-中除去（不好的東西）supply sb with sth 供給某人某物provide sb with sth 給某人提供某物accuse sb of sth 控告某人某事cheat sb of sth 騙取某人某物inform / advise sb of sth 通知某人某事remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事warn sb of s

11、th 警告某人某情況charge sb with sth 指責某人某事二疑問句1.一般疑問句Is this seat taken?Yes, it is/ No, it isnt.需要用yes或no來回答。語序一般為：助動詞+主語+謂語？Practice：Have you been there?_Didnt you tell him about it yesterday?_2.特殊疑問句你什么時候開始學英語？When You began to study English.» Did you begin to study English?»»when did you

12、begin to study English?你在想什么？WhatSomething is in your mind.»Whats in your mind? 小結：用who, what, where, which, when, why, how提問。語序：疑問詞+一般疑問句 或 疑問詞+謂語動詞。More Practice：What time is convenient for you?你什么時候方便？Whats going on here?發(fā)生了什么事？/回事？3. 選擇疑問句：Do you like tea or（do you like）coffee？Did you speak

13、 to them, or did the manager?Which ice cream would you like, chocolate, vanilla or strawberry?1. 提供兩種或兩種以上情形供對方選擇。2. 不用Yes或no來回答。3. 反意疑問句1. 附在陳述句之后，對陳述句所說得事實和觀點提出疑問。2. 一般來說有兩種形式：陳述肯定，則所附問句否定；陳述句否定，則所附問句肯定。The Embarrassed Magician.Magician ( to youngster he has called up on the stage):Now, my boy, yo

14、u have never seen me before, have you?Boy: No Daddy.You have completed that job, havent you?You have not completed that job, have you?三祈使句：1. 用以表示請求，命令，勸告，建議等語氣的句子。2. 主語You 常省略，只以動詞原形開頭。3. 一般沒有時態(tài)變化，不與情態(tài)動詞連用。Stop bugging me.Dont judge a book by its cover.Dont get me wrong.Lets just have a rest.Lets h

15、ope for the best.Let bygones be bygonesMake hay while sun shines.四感嘆句：1. 主要由what和how來引導。2. What 結構主要有三種A What a(n)+形容詞+可數名詞單數+謂語部分！What a lovely boy he is! B. What + 形容詞+不可數名詞或可數名詞復數+謂語部分！ What foolish mistakes you have made. What nice weather (it is)! C. What + a(n) +可數名詞單數！ 3. How 結構主要有三種： A. How+

16、形容詞/副詞+主謂部分 How lovely the boy is! How fast the time flies!B. How +形容詞+a(n)+可數名詞單數+主謂部分 How lovely a boy he is!C. How+主謂部分（實義動詞做謂語） How I hate exam! 我真煩考試！ How he snores! 他鼾聲如雷！(二) practice 1.分析下文劃線句子的成分 Two men were standing at a bar. One man turned to the other and said, “Ill bet you $ 100 that I

17、can bite my left eye.” The wager（賭注）was accepted, and the man popped out his glass eye and bit it. “Now,” he said, ”I will give you a chance to win your money back. Ill bet you another $100 that I can bite my right eye.” “he cant have two glass eyes,” Thought the other man, and he plunked(重重甩下)down

18、his money.Then the first man took out his false teeth and bit his right eye.2.分析下列句子成分，并判斷句子結構類型。Time flies by.Im on a diet.I own you one.It slipped my mind.Old habits die hard.I enjoy your company.I cant stand the heat.Chatting on the internet brings me a lot of fun.He speaks English well.Teachers

19、will make your English better. They found the dead boy. They found the boy dead. I found the book easily. I found the book easy. Tom found Jim an apartment. We found John a loyal friend.I will find you a good teacher.She will make him a good wife.She will make him a good husband.3.分析下列句子中的雙賓語，并試著用恰當的介詞改寫句子。Give a thief enough rope and he will hang himself._Can you recommend me a good novel?_H