(完整版)跨文化交際課前習(xí)題答案

1、Unit Two Culture ShockI .Fill in blanksa. In a formal western meal,you?re offered a second helping but you hav e already had enough. You should sa y That was delicious but I?ve already had plenty, thanks.b. Taboos are words, expressions, etc. that are considered as being_ or. unpleasant, disgusting

2、c.is a culture that scores high on individualism. Individual cultured. Social distance refers to the degree of or between two cultures. similarity, dissimilarity e. Because of their, individualists give little thought to the of others. But collectivists care very much what others in their groups thi

3、nk and do not like to be the targets of _ and. independence, evaluations, scrutiny, criticismH . Key Termsa. culture shockb. collectivist culturec. hospitalityd. politenesse. privacy在一個(gè)正式的西餐，你？W提供一次幫助但你已經(jīng)有足夠的。你應(yīng)該說“o那是美味的但我也經(jīng)有很多，謝謝。B.禁忌詞，表達(dá)，等，被視為 或。不愉快的，令人厭惡的C.是一種文化，分?jǐn)?shù)高的個(gè)人主義。個(gè)體文化D.社會(huì)距離指的是 或 程度在兩種文化之間

4、。相似性，相異性 E.因?yàn)樗麄?個(gè)人主義者不在乎別人的 。但集體主義者非常關(guān)心他 們小組中其他人怎么想，不喜歡被 和 目標(biāo)。獨(dú)立性，評(píng)估，審查，批評(píng)H。關(guān)鍵術(shù)語A.文化沖擊B.集體主義文化C.酒店D.禮貌E.隱私田.Short Answera. What are the five basic themes in individualist culture?b. Why is there a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual i ntimacy?c. Whatis the difference on tendency

5、 for foreigners to treat strangers betw een Individualism and Collectivism Theories?mo簡短的回答在個(gè)人主義文化的五個(gè)基本主題是什么？B為什么在身體或性親密公共顯示缺乏關(guān)注？C.是外國人對(duì)待個(gè)人主義和集體主義傾向的不同理論之間的陌生人？IV. Case study(1) Analyze the case and try to find the misunderstanding between the girland the westerner.A westerner invited a Chinese girl

6、 to have lunch and take a tour around th e British Parliament. In fact, the girl didnt have the lunch just because wh en the westerner asked her Are you hungry? The girl answered no. The n they didnt have lunch together .(2) Can you find some differences in hospitality between a Chinese and E nglish

7、? What are the reasons?An English guest: Each time a new dish arrived his parents would lean ov er and load my plate with tasty morsels. As they had taken all the trouble t o cook it I just had to polish it off. As soon as my plate was empty they w ould put more on. Of course, I felt duty-bound to e

8、ar that too.A Chinese guest: Can you imagine how many dishes I had? One one - a s tew with meat and vegetables. The meat was over done and too hard to ea t; green vegetables were no longer green. They never put food on your pla te but just ask you to help yourself. If you, as a guest, are shy or mod

9、est, waiting for the food to be put on your plate, you will remain half-starved.IV。案例研究(1)的案例分析，試圖找到女孩與西方人之間的誤解。一個(gè)西方人邀請(qǐng)一個(gè)中國女孩吃午餐，環(huán)游英國議會(huì)。事實(shí)上，女孩沒有午餐， 因?yàn)楫?dāng)西方人問她 你餓了嗎？ ”女孩回答，那他們不一起吃午飯(2)你能找到一個(gè)英語和漢語之間的一些差異在酒店？的原因是什么?一位英國客人：每次一道新菜到他的父母會(huì)過來載我的板的美味佳肴。他們把所 有的麻煩把我剛剛擦亮它。一旦我的盤子是空的他們會(huì)把更多的。 當(dāng)然，我覺得 有義務(wù)的耳朵太。中國客人：你能想象

10、我有多少道菜？ 一一 一一一個(gè)有肉和蔬菜燉。這肉熟透，太 硬吃綠色蔬菜不再綠。他們從不把盤子里的食物只是問你幫助你自己。如果你， 作為一個(gè)客人，害羞和謙虛，等待食物被放在你的盤子上，你仍會(huì)餓死。Key to Unit TwoI .Fill in blanksa. That was delicious butI?ve already had plenty, thanks. b. unpleasant, di sgusting c. Individual culture d. similarity, dissimilaritye. independence, evaluations, scruti

11、ny, criticismH .Key Termsa. culture shock: It is a psychological phenomenon that is experienced mo st often by those who, whether voluntarily or involuntarily, in the process of adjusting themselves to a new culture.b. collectivist culture: It is a culture that places little value on individual i de

12、ntity and great value on group identity.c. hospitality: It means cordial and generous reception of or disposition to ward guests. d. politeness: It refers to consideration for others, tact, and o bservance of accepted social usage.e. privacy: It could be understood as the right of an individual to s

13、elf-dete rmination as to the degree to which the individual is willing to share with others information about himself that may be compromised byunauthoriz ed exchange of such information among other individuals or organization s.關(guān)鍵的第二單元i填空這很好吃，但我？謝經(jīng)有很多，謝謝。B.不愉快的，令人厭惡的C.個(gè)體文化D. 相似，不同的E.獨(dú)立性，評(píng)估，審查，批評(píng)II關(guān)

14、鍵術(shù)語A.文化沖擊：它是一種心理現(xiàn)象，是經(jīng)歷了最經(jīng)常被那些，無論是自覺或不自覺 地，在適應(yīng)新文化的過程。B.集體主義文化：這是一個(gè)地方的個(gè)人身份和大的群體認(rèn)同的價(jià)值文化價(jià)值點(diǎn)。C.酒店：這意味著向客人親切大方的接待或安排。D.禮貌：它是指為他人考慮，機(jī)智，和遵守被接受的社會(huì)規(guī)范。E.隱私：可以理解為一種個(gè)人自決權(quán)以何種程度的個(gè)人愿意與他人分享自己的信 息，可能會(huì)受到影響byunauthorized交換這種在其他人或組織間的信息。田.Short Answera. 1) There is a tendency for foreigners to treat strangers as equals,

15、 seen in the politeness with which foreigners treat out-group members and their w illingness to follow public rules and laws that guarantee the rights of all. 2 )There is a desire for independence and separateness, found in foreigners needs for their own privacy and autonomy and in the freedom they

16、give t o children. 3) There is a lack of inhibition on the part of foreigners in ter ms of expressive behaviors, seen in their lack of concern about drawing at tention to themselves and their willingness to disclose feelings and emoti ons. 4） There is a lack of understanding if the reciprocal bonds

17、and duties that regulate in-group members, found in foreigners casual attitudes towa rds hospitality. 5） There is a lack of concern at public displays of physical or sexual intimacy.b. The reason might be that even the freedom with which foreigners expre ss love and sexual desire can be seen as a va

18、lorization of the individuals pursuit of personal pleasure and happiness. That this is offensive to attenti on from the group and focuses it on individual needs.c. Individualists tend to believe in equality; their communication norms st ress equal treatment of subordinate and superior, friend and st

19、ranger. In c ontrast, collectivists? communication norms often stress deference; a clea r demarcation is made betweenone?streatment of those above and below one in the social hierarchy. Clearly, to a collectivist, the way individualist s treat strangers will seem unusual and unnecessarily polite.田短的

20、回答答：1）有一個(gè)外國人對(duì)待陌生人是平等的趨勢(shì)，看到在禮貌與外國人治療組成 員，他們?cè)敢庾袷毓惨?guī)則和法律，保障所有人的權(quán)利。2）有一個(gè)獨(dú)立和分開的欲望，發(fā)現(xiàn)在外國人的需要為自己的隱私權(quán)和自治權(quán)，他們給孩子自由。3）有對(duì)外國人的部分表現(xiàn)行為缺乏抑制，在他們注意他們自己和他們的意愿披露的 感受和情緒的缺乏關(guān)注，見。4）有一個(gè)缺乏了解如果互惠債券和調(diào)節(jié)組成員的 職責(zé)，發(fā)現(xiàn)在外國人的休閑態(tài)度款待。5）在身體或性親密公共顯示缺乏關(guān)心。這個(gè)原因可能是，即使與外國人自由表達(dá)愛和性的欲望可以被看作是一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的 個(gè)人的追求個(gè)人的快樂和幸福。這是進(jìn)攻，團(tuán)體的注意和關(guān)注個(gè)人的需要。C.個(gè)人主義者傾向于相信平等；他

21、們的交際規(guī)范應(yīng)力隸屬和優(yōu)越的待遇平等， 朋 友和陌生人。相反，集體主義？！信規(guī)范常應(yīng)力差；明確劃分是一 光勺上述處理下 一個(gè)在社會(huì)階層之間的。顯然，一個(gè)集體主義，個(gè)人主義者對(duì)待陌生人會(huì)顯得不 尋常的和不必要的禮貌的方式。IV .Case studya. The mistake is that the westerner used his question as an invitation. The girl understood it only as a question. According to the Chinese tradition, t he man should have inv

22、ited her to lunch since their appointment was to h ave lunch first.b. Yes. The Chinese student felt disappointed at British hospitality becaus e she used the Chinese way of showing hospitality to judge the British on e. In the story taking place in China, the westerner couldnt imagine that t here sh

23、ould be sixteen dishes prepared for her. When she ate from the eig ht cold dishes, she couldnt eat anymore. It is because a Western meal nor mally severs one main course plus a starter and sweets or desserts. The fa ct is that different people in the world show their different hospitality in d iffer

24、ent waysA.錯(cuò)誤是西方人用他的問題作為一個(gè)邀請(qǐng)。女孩明白這只是一個(gè)問題。根據(jù)中國的傳統(tǒng)，男人應(yīng)該邀請(qǐng)她共進(jìn)午餐，因?yàn)樗麄兊娜蚊窍瘸晕顼?。B是的。中國學(xué)生感到失望因?yàn)樗糜笄诖偷呐袛啵?英國一個(gè)中國人的方 式。在這個(gè)故事發(fā)生在中國，西方人無法想象應(yīng)該有十六道菜為她準(zhǔn)備的。 當(dāng)她 吃了八個(gè)涼菜，她不能吃了。這是因?yàn)槲鞑屯ǔ?huì)一道主菜加起動(dòng)器、 糖果或甜 點(diǎn)。事實(shí)上，在世界的不同的人以不同的方式表現(xiàn)出不同的酒店跨文化交際期末考試復(fù)習(xí)題Define the following items:1. culture：what the behavior and customs mean to

25、the people who are following the m2. communication ： give or exchange information or ideas.3. intercultural communication：communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol s ystems are distinct enough to alter the communication event.4. high-context culture：a culture in which meanin

26、g is not necessarily contained in words. Informa tion is provided through gestures, the use of space, and even silence.5. low-context culture：a culture in which the majority of the information is vested in the explicit code.6. relationship between culture and language：Culture influences language by

27、way of symbols and rules for using those symbols, as well as our perceptions of the universe (the meaning associat ed with the symbols).Language, on the other hand, would seem to have a major impact on the way an individual perceives and conceptualizes the world.7. verbal communication：communication

28、 done both orally and in written language 8. analytical thin king patterns (inductive)：analyze and dissect things into elements in order to understand them prop erly.The emphasis is upon the parts rather than the whole of things.9. synthetic thinking patterns (deductive) ： synthesize elements into a

29、 un it, with the emphasis on the “ whole” .10. nonverbal communication：involves all nonverbal stimuli in a communication setting that is generated by both the source and his or her use of the environment and that has po tential message value for the source or receiver.11. body language：refers to all

30、 nonverbal codes which are associated with body movements.It includes gestures, head movements, facial expressions, eye behaviors, p ostures and other displays that can be used to communicate.12. monochronic time (M Time)：It schedules one event at a time. In these cultures time is perceived as a li

31、near structure just like a ribbon stretching from the past into the future.13. polychronic time (P Time)：schedules several activities at the same time. In these culture people emph asize the involvement of people more than schedules. They do not see ap pointments as ironclad commitments and often br

32、eak them.14. ethnocentrism ： the view of things in which one s own group is the center of everything, and all others are scaled and rate d with reference to it.15. stereotypes：a form of generalization about some group of people, or a means of organ izing images into fixed and simple categories that

33、are used to stand for th e entire collection of people.16. prejudice：It refers to negative attitudes towards other people that are based on faulty and inflexible stereotypes. It is an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitude to wards another group of people.17. discrimination：It refers to the behavior

34、al manifestations of the prejudice, it can be thought of as prejudice “in action” .18. racism：The belief that race accounts for differences in human character or ability and that a particular race is superior to others.19. culture shock：Troublesome feelings such as depression, loneliness, confusion,

35、 inadequa cy, hostility, frustration, and tension, caused by the loss of familiar cues fr om the home culture.20. acculturation：It is culture change that results from continuous firsthand contact betweentwo distinct cultural groups1。文化：什么行為和習(xí)俗意味著那些跟隨他們2。通信：給予或交換信息或思想。3?？缥幕浑H：人的文化觀念和符號(hào)系統(tǒng)的不同足以改變交際事件之間

36、的通信。4。高語境文化：一個(gè)文化中的意義是不一定包含在的話。信息是通過手勢(shì)，使 用空間，甚至沉默。5。低語境文化：文化中的大部分信息是歸屬于顯式代碼。6。文化與語言的關(guān)系：文化的方式使用這些符號(hào)的符號(hào)和規(guī)則對(duì)語言的影響， 以及我們對(duì)宇宙的看法（與符號(hào)相關(guān)聯(lián)的意思）。語言，另一方面，似乎有一個(gè) 人的方式感知和概念化世界的重大影響。7。言語溝通：溝通做口頭和書面語言 8。分析思維模式（感應(yīng)）：分析解剖事 物的元素，以了解它們。重點(diǎn)是在部分而不是整個(gè)事情。9。綜合思維模式（演繹）：合成元素到一個(gè)單位，在整體”的重點(diǎn)。10。非語言交際是交際環(huán)境中是由源和他或她的使用環(huán)境和具有的源或接收器 的潛在信息價(jià)

37、值生成的所有非言語刺激。11。身體語言：是指所有的非語言符號(hào)，與身體的運(yùn)動(dòng)有關(guān)。它包括手勢(shì)，頭 部的動(dòng)作，面部表情，眼神，姿勢(shì)和其它的顯示，可以用來溝通。12。單一時(shí)間（時(shí)間）：這一事件在一個(gè)時(shí)間安排。在這些文化中，時(shí)間被看 作是一個(gè)線性結(jié)構(gòu)就像一個(gè)彩帶從過去到未來。13。多元時(shí)間（P時(shí)間）：安排一些活動(dòng)的同時(shí)。在這些文化強(qiáng)調(diào)人的參與的人 甚于時(shí)間表。他們不知道約會(huì)那樣經(jīng)常打破他們的承諾。14。民族：東西在自己的團(tuán)體是一切的中心觀點(diǎn)，和所有其他的縮放和參考評(píng) 分。15?？贪逵∠螅阂环N對(duì)某些人群推廣，或組織圖像轉(zhuǎn)換成固定的和簡單的類， 用來代表人的整個(gè)集合的一種手段。16。偏見：它指的是消極的態(tài)

38、度對(duì)待其他人是基于錯(cuò)誤的和不靈活的刻板印象。 這是一個(gè)不公平的，有偏見的，或?qū)α硪唤M人不寬容的態(tài)度。17。歧視：它指的是歧視的行為表現(xiàn)，可以認(rèn)為它是行動(dòng)”的偏見。18。種族主義：相信種族占人的性格或能力，一個(gè)特定的種族優(yōu)于其他種族差 異。19。文化沖擊：麻煩的感情如抑郁，孤獨(dú)，困惑，不足，敵意，挫折，和張力， 從家居文化的熟悉的線索引起的損失。20。文化適應(yīng)：它是文化的轉(zhuǎn)變，從兩個(gè)不同的文化群體之間的直接接觸，連 續(xù)結(jié)果參考答案Part I. Multiple Choice1-5 BBACB 6-10 BCBAA 11-15 ACCAB 16-20 ACABC 21-25 AADAA 26-3

39、0 ABCDA Part II. True or False.1-5: FTFTT 6-10: .FTTFFPart III. Terms1 . Intercultural communication refers to communication between people whose cultural perceptions and symbol systems are distinct enough to alte r the communication event2 . Culture is a learned set of shared interpretations about

40、beliefs, values, a nd norms, which affect the behavior of a relatively large group of people.3 .Communication is the perception of verbal (worded) and nonverbal (wit hout words) behaviors and the assignment of meaning to them4 .Uncertainty avoidance measures how much ambiguity people will endu re and how much risk they like to take Or It deals with asociety toleran ce for uncertainty and ambiguity; it