初中英語中簡單句的九大基本句型

1、初中英語中簡單句的九大基本句型一、簡單句的九大基本句型1. “主語 + 謂語”(即“主謂”句型)這一句型英漢語言結(jié)構(gòu)形式完全相同，說明“某人或某物如何動作”，或者說“某人或某物自身怎樣運動”。例：They arrived in Harbin yesterday morning.分析：“他們”(主語)“到了”(謂語動作)。The earth turns around the sun.地球圍繞太陽轉(zhuǎn)。The sun rises in the east, and sets in the west.太陽東升西落。2. “主語 + 謂語 + 賓語”(即“主謂賓”句型)這一句型英漢語言的結(jié)構(gòu)形式完全相同，

2、用以說明“某人或某物做什么事情”，或者說“某人或某物發(fā)出了動作，并且其動作涉及到另一個人或物”。例：I study English.分析：“我”(主語)“學(xué)習(xí)”(謂語動作)“英語”(賓語即動作涉及的對象)。I like swimming.我喜歡游泳。3. “主語 + 謂語 + 間接賓語 + 直接賓語”(即“主謂雙賓”句型)這一句型英漢語序結(jié)構(gòu)相同，說明“某人為誰(間接賓語為人)做某事”，或者說“某人或物的運動涉及到兩個對象，其中一個間接對象為人，另一個為物”。例：Our teacher taught us English.分析：“我們的老師”(主語)“教”(謂語動作)“我們”(間接賓語)“英語

3、”(直接賓語)。4. “主語 + 謂語 + 賓語 + 賓語補足語”(即“主謂賓補”句型)這一句型說明“某人或某物要求(使、讓)某人做什么”或“某人感覺某人或物怎么樣”。例： He asked her to go there.分析：“他”(主語)“要求”(謂語動作)“她”(賓語即動作涉及的對象)“去那里”(補語補充說明賓語應(yīng)做什么)。5. “主語 + have + 賓語”(即“擁有”句型)這一句型主要用于說明“某人或某物擁有什么(賓語，即有形或無形的資源)”。例： You have a nice watch. 你有一塊漂亮的手表分析：“你”擁有一塊漂亮的手表，即你擁有一個可以及時且漂亮的器具。6

4、. “There + be + 主語+ ”(即“存在”句型)這一句型用以說明“在某地或某時存在某人或物”。例：There is a bird in the tree. 在樹上有一只鳥。分析：“在樹上”(地點)“有一只鳥”(存在物)。7. “主語 + 系動詞+ 表語”(即“主系表”句型)這一句型用以說明“某人(某物、某事、某種概念)具有什么特征或處于什么狀態(tài)”。漢語的“是”字結(jié)構(gòu)屬于這一英語句型的形式之一。常用的聯(lián)系動詞有be, keep，lie, remain, stand, become, fall, get, go, grow, turn, look, feel, seem, smell,

5、 sound, taste, 等。例： I am a teacher. 我是一名老師分析：“我”(主語)“是”(系動詞)“一名老師”(表語即表明主語的身份)。She felt very tired. 她感覺到很累。He became an engineer.他成為了一名工程師。You look pale today, are you ill? 你今天臉色看起來蒼白，病了嗎?8. 比較句型這一句型用以比較物質(zhì)甲與乙之間的異同。1) 相等比較: as + 形容詞/副詞原級 + as;as + 形容詞+名詞 + as例：He is as rich as John.他和約翰一樣富有。例：He has

6、as much money as she does.他和她的錢一樣多2) 劣等比較： less + 形容詞/副詞原級 + than 例：He is less careful than she. 他沒她細(xì)心。3) 優(yōu)等比較：+ 形容詞/副詞比較級 + than ;the + 形容詞/副詞比較級 + of the two例：She is more careful than he.她比他細(xì)心多了。例： He is the cleverer of the two boys.兩個男孩中他更聰明些。4)最高級：the + 形容詞/副詞最高級(單數(shù)名詞或one)+ of(among) + 人或物in + 場

7、所例： He is the tallest in the class.他是班上最高的。9. “it + is/was + 形容詞 + to do/從句”(即評價句型)這一句型用于說明“某一動作或事情屬于什么性質(zhì)或具有什么特征”。即對某一動作或事情進(jìn)行評價。(這里it 是形式主語，真正的主語是 to do 結(jié)構(gòu)或 that 從句)例：It is important to learn a foreign language.學(xué)習(xí)一門外語很重要。分析：本句重在說明“學(xué)習(xí)一門外語”(to learn a foreign language)這一動作的性質(zhì)是“重要的”。鞏固性練習(xí)請判斷下列句子的結(jié)構(gòu)類型1.

8、He is running.2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.4.She seemed angry.5.My father bought me a beautiful present.6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?7.Will you tell us an exciting story?8.We must keep our classroom tidy and cle

9、an.9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.10.Can you push the window open?答案：1.主語-動詞 2.主語-動詞-賓語-補語3.主語-動詞-賓語-賓語 4.主語-動詞-表語5.主語-動詞-賓語-賓語 6.主語-動詞-賓語-賓語7.主語-動詞-賓語-補語 8.主語-動詞-賓語-補語9.主語-動詞-賓語-補語 10.主語-動詞-賓語-補語初中英語關(guān)聯(lián)指代句型歸納1. 兩項關(guān)連I have two books, one is Chinese; the other is English.I have five boo

10、ks, one is Chinese; the others are English.To say is one thing, but/and/ to do is another.One the one hand, I am your teacher, and on the other hand, I am also you friend.Some like to play football, others are fond of basketball.2. 先后順序First/firstly, I wish good health, second/secondly success in yo

11、ur study, third/thirdly good luck in everything.First stop, then look, finally cross.At first/in the beginning/ he word hard. Later/Afterwards he is not so diligent.3. 修飾限制This is the same book as I lost yesterday.This is the same book that I lost yesterday.(同一本書)Dont trust such a man as over praise

12、 you.He/One/Those/They who should come failed to appear.A man/A person/The one/Anyone/People who saw her liked her very much.The day/time/moment will come when China is strongest in the world.4. 兩項連接He can speak not only English but also French.The book is both interesting and instructive.It is neit

13、her cold nor hot.Please either come in or go out.The old worker has experience and knowledge as well.5. 加和關(guān)系Besides literature, we have grammar and writing.Apart from oxygen, there are some other gases in the air.In addition to if, there is many other conjunctions that can introduce conditional clau

14、ses.You seem to like tea, so do I.英語五個基本句型1.S + Vi (主語+不及物動詞)Time flies.1) S + V + adverbial (主語+不及物動詞+副詞)Birds sing beautifully.2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase(主語+不及物動詞+介詞短語)He went on holiday.3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (主語+不及物動詞+動詞不定式)We stopped to have a rest.4) S + Vi+ Participle (主語+不及物動詞+分詞)Ill go swimming.

15、2. S + Vt + O(主語+及物動詞+賓語)We like English.1) S + VT + N/Pron (主語+及物動詞+名詞/代詞)I like music.I like her.2) S + VT + infinitive(主語+及物動詞+不定式)I want to help him.常用于這句型的動詞有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等。3) S +

16、VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive (主語+及物動詞+特殊疑問詞+不定式)I dont know what to do.常用于這句型的動詞有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等。4) S + VT + Gerund (主語+及物動詞+動名詞)I enjoy living here.常用于這句型的動詞有：admi

17、t, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, cant help等。5) S + VT + That-clause (主語+及物動詞+賓語從句)I dont think (that) he is right.常用于這句型的動詞有：admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel, hear, ho

18、pe, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind, notice, propose, request, report, say, see，show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder。3. S+link v+ P (主語+聯(lián)系動詞+表語)We are Chinese.除了be 系動詞外，還有一些動詞也可以用作系動詞，1)表感官的動詞，feel, smell, taste, sound, look等。2) 表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動詞，become,come，fall，get, go，grow, turn, ,等。

19、3)表延續(xù)的動詞 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等。4)半系動詞，appear, prove，seem等。1) S + Lv + N/Pron (主語+聯(lián)系動詞+名詞或代詞)He is a boy.This is mine.2) S + Lv + Adj(主語+聯(lián)系動詞+形容詞)She is beautiful.3) S + Lv + Adv (主語+聯(lián)系動詞+副詞)Class is over.4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase (主語+聯(lián)系動詞+介詞短語)He is in good health.5) S + Lv + Participl

20、e (主語+聯(lián)系動詞+分詞)He is excited.The film is interesting.4. S + VT+ In O + D O (主語+及物動詞+間接賓語+直接賓語)I give you help.1) S + VT + N/Pron + N (主語+及物動詞+名詞或代詞+名詞)I sent him a book.I bought May a book.2) S + VT + N/Pron + to/for-phrase (主語+及物動詞+名詞或代詞+to/for短語)He sent a book to me.He bought a coat for me.間接賓語前需要加

21、to 的常用動詞有：allow, bring, deny, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。間接賓語前需要加for 的常用動詞有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等。5. S+ VT+ O

22、+ O C(主語+及物動詞+賓語+賓語補足語)I make you clear.1) S + VT + N/Pron + N (主語+及物動詞+名詞或代詞+名詞)We named our baby Tom.常用于這句型的動詞有： call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name,。2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj (主語+及物動詞+名詞或代詞+形容詞)He painted the wall white.常用于這句型的動詞有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, li

23、ke, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等。3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase (主語+及物動詞+名詞或代詞+介詞短語)She always keeps everything in good order.4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive (主語+及物動詞+名詞或代詞+動詞不定式)I wish you to stay.I made him work常用于這句型的動詞有：a)不定式帶to的詞：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave