初中英語八大時(shí)態(tài)詳細(xì)語法解析習(xí)題及答案

1、過去將來時(shí)1.賓語從句或間接引語中eg He didn't expect that we would all be there.2.表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作eg During that period, he would do this every day.3.表示過去的愿望、傾向，多用于否定句eg They knew that we would never permit such a thing.過去將來時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)過去將來時(shí)由would, was/were going to, was/were to was/were about to等加動(dòng)詞原形構(gòu)成, 也可由was/were on the

2、 point of加動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成。例句：I knew you would agree. 我知道你會(huì)同意的。I said I would arrange everything. 我說我來安排一切。八種時(shí)態(tài)詳解：過去將來時(shí)表示過去的某時(shí)以后將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。但這個(gè)"將來"時(shí)間絕不會(huì)延伸到“現(xiàn)在”；而僅限于“過去時(shí)間區(qū)域內(nèi)”。由此可以看出，含這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)的句子常帶一個(gè)表示“過去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)”的狀語。這個(gè)狀語或是一個(gè)短語，或是一個(gè)句子。這個(gè)時(shí)態(tài)常用于：A）賓語從句或間接引語中；B）表示過去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作；C）表示過去情況中的“愿望”、“傾向”，多用于否定句。例如：A) When I thoug

3、ht about it , I wondered what their reaction would be . 當(dāng)我考慮這件事時(shí)，我想知道他們的反應(yīng)是什么。She told me that she would go on trip to Europe the next day. 她告訴我，她第二天要去歐洲旅行。He didn't expect that we would all be there. 他沒料到我們會(huì)全在那兒。B) During that period , he would do morning-exercises every day. 在那段時(shí)間，他每天早鍛煉。Whene

4、ver he had time, he would help his mother with some housework. 無論他什么時(shí)間有空,他總是幫他媽媽干點(diǎn)家務(wù)活。C) No matter how difficult the work was , he would keep on doing it until he accomplished it . 不管工作有多難，他總會(huì)堅(jiān)持不懈地把它干完。They knew that we would never permit such a thing. 他們知道我們絕不會(huì)允許發(fā)生這樣的事。Even after the lecture ended,

5、 the audience would not leave . 甚至在講座結(jié)束之后，聽眾仍不肯離去。 過去將來時(shí)幾種結(jié)構(gòu)表未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖was / were going to + 動(dòng)詞原形；was / were to + 動(dòng)詞原形；was / were about to + 動(dòng)詞原形等結(jié)構(gòu)都可表達(dá)當(dāng)時(shí)一種未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的意圖或打算。如：The conference was going to be held the next month. 會(huì)議下個(gè)月開。We were to have our class at eight. 八點(diǎn)我們?cè)撋险n了。I was about to tell him about

6、it when Wu Dong got in. 就在我要告訴他時(shí)，吳東進(jìn)來了。過去將來時(shí)練習(xí)題I. 選擇填空1. Li Ming said he _happy if Brian_to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would comeC. would be; came D. will be; come2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend3. What did your son say in

7、the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B. has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to come B. is comingC. will come D. was coming5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A. to

8、ok B. would takeC. takes D. will take6. We were not sure whether they _ more vegetables.A. are going to grow B. were going to growC. will grow D. have grown7. She _ to work when the telephone rang.A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to goII. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) th

9、e Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long.3. I wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year.4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future.5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning.6. I wasn't sure whether he _(lend) me his book

10、 the next morning.7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight.8. Whenever she has time, she _(help) them in their work.Key:I. 1-7 CDDDBBCII. 1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 5. was leaving 6. would lend 7. would be 8. would helpI. 選擇填空1. Li Ming said he _happy

11、if Brian_to China next month.A. as; come B. was; would comeC. would be; came D. will be; come2. Jenny said she _her holiday in China.A. spent B. would spentC. was going to spent D. would spend3. What did your son say in the letter? He told me that he _ the Disney World the next day.A. will visit B.

12、has visited C. is going to visit D. would visit4. I hoped Tina _ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A. to come B. is comingC. will come D. was coming5. Father said that he _ me to Beijing the next year.A. took B. would takeC. takes D. will take6. We were not sure whether they _ more veg

13、etables.A. are going to grow B. were going to growC. will grow D. have grown7. She _ to work when the telephone rang.A. is going B. will go C. was about to go D. is to goII. 用所給動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. Miss Zhang said she _(visit) the Great Wall next summer.2. She told him that she _(not stay) here for long.3. I

14、 wasnt sure whether Lucy_(come) the next year.4. The scientists said the worlds population _ (slow) down in future.5. She said the bus _(leave) at five the next morning.6. I wasn't sure whether he _(lend) me his book the next morning.7. He was fifty-six. In two years he _(be) fifty-eight.8. When

15、ever she has time, she _(help) them in their work.Key:I. 1-7 CDDDBBCII. 1. would visit 2. would not stay 3. would come 4. would slow 5. was leaving 6. would lend 7. would be 8. would help 過去完成時(shí)1.發(fā)生在“過去的過去”eg When I woke up, it had stopped raining. 2.與一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用eg Peter had collected more than 300

16、 Chinese stamps by the time he was ten.3.在過去某時(shí)之前開始一直延續(xù)到這一時(shí)間eg By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years.過去完成時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)由 had 加動(dòng)詞的過去分詞構(gòu)成。例句：She said she had never been to Paris. 她說她從未去過巴黎。When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到達(dá)時(shí)，小偷們?cè)缇团芰?。By the time he was twelve

17、, Edison had begun to make a living by himself. 到了十二歲那年，愛迪生開始自己謀生。 時(shí)態(tài)詳解：過去完成時(shí)一、過去完成時(shí)的概念與結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)概念：過去完成時(shí)表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動(dòng)作，即"過去的過去（ past-in-the-past ）"。-|- |-|->那時(shí)以前 那時(shí) 現(xiàn)在構(gòu)成：過去完成時(shí)由"助動(dòng)詞 had + 過去分詞"構(gòu)成，其中 had 通用于各種人稱。They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the ho

18、tel.She had finished writing the composition by 10 ：00 this morning.二、過去完成時(shí)的判斷依據(jù)1. 由時(shí)間狀語來判定一般說來，各種時(shí)態(tài)都有特定的時(shí)間狀語。與過去完成時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語有：（ 1 ） by + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night. （ 2 ） by the end of + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： We had learned over two thousand English words by the end

19、 of last term.（ 3 ） before + 過去的時(shí)間點(diǎn)。如： They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.2. 由"過去的過去"來判定。過去完成時(shí)表示"過去的過去"，是指過去某一動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作，即動(dòng)作有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的用過去完成時(shí)，在后的用一般過去時(shí)。這種用法常出現(xiàn)在：（ 1 ）賓語從句中當(dāng)賓語從句的主句為一般過去時(shí)，且從句的動(dòng)作先于主句的動(dòng)作時(shí)，從句要用過去完成時(shí)。在told, said, knew, heard, thought等動(dòng)詞后的賓語從句。

20、如：She said that she had seen the film before. （ 2 ）狀語從句中 在時(shí)間、條件、原因、方式等狀語從句中，主、從句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生有先后關(guān)系，動(dòng)作在前的，要用過去完成時(shí)，動(dòng)作在后的要用一般過去時(shí)。如：When I got to the station, the train had already left.After he had finished his homework, he went to bed.注意： before, after 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句中，由于 before 和 after 本身已表達(dá)了動(dòng)作的先后關(guān)系，若主、從句表示的動(dòng)作緊密相連

21、，則主、從句都用一般過去時(shí)。如：Where did you study before you came here?After he closed the door, he left the classroom.（ 3 ）表示意向的動(dòng)詞，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用過去完成時(shí)表示"原本，未能"We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.3. 根據(jù)上、下文來判定。I met Wang Tao in the street yesterday.

22、We hadn't seen each other since he went to Beijing.三、過去完成時(shí)的主要用法1. 過去完成時(shí)表示一個(gè)動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作之前已經(jīng)完成或結(jié)束，即發(fā)生在"過去的過去"。如：When I woke up, it had stopped raining.我醒來時(shí)，雨已經(jīng)停了。（主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在"過去的過去"）2. 過去完成時(shí)是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，表示的是"過去的過去"，只有和過去某一時(shí)間或某一動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)才使用它。如：He told me that he had written

23、a new book. (had written 發(fā)生在 told 之前 )3. 過去完成時(shí)需要與一個(gè)表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，它不能離開過去時(shí)間而獨(dú)立存在。此時(shí)多與 already ， yet ， still ， just ， before ， never 等時(shí)間副詞及 by ， before ， until 等引導(dǎo)的短語或從句連用。如：Before she came to China, Grace had taught English in a middle school for about five years.Peter had collected more than 300 Chine

24、se stamps by the time he was ten.4. 過去完成時(shí)表示某一動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)在過去某時(shí)之前已經(jīng)開始，一直延續(xù)到這一過去時(shí)間，而且動(dòng)作尚未結(jié)束，仍然有繼續(xù)下去的可能。如： By the end of last year, he had worked in the factory for twenty years. （ had worked 已有了 20 年，還有繼續(xù)進(jìn)行下去的可能）四、過去完成時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在過去，但側(cè)重對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的結(jié)果或造成的影響，與現(xiàn)在有關(guān)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為"助動(dòng)詞 have (has) + 過去分詞"；過去完

25、成時(shí)則是一個(gè)相對(duì)的時(shí)態(tài)，它所表示的動(dòng)作不僅發(fā)生在過去，更強(qiáng)調(diào)"過去的過去"，只有和過去某時(shí)或某動(dòng)作相比較時(shí)，才用到它。試比較：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那時(shí)為止我已經(jīng)學(xué)會(huì)了 1000 個(gè)英語單詞。- I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 對(duì)不起，讓你久等了。- Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minu

26、tes.沒什么，我只等了幾分鐘。（"等"的動(dòng)作從過去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在）- John returned home yesterday. 約翰昨天回到家的。- Where had he been?他去哪兒了？（答語中使用過去完成時(shí)是指約翰在 returned home 之前去了哪些地方，即"過去的過去"）五、過去完成時(shí)與一般過去時(shí)的區(qū)別雖然這兩種時(shí)態(tài)都表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，但在使用時(shí)應(yīng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：1. 時(shí)間狀語不同：過去完成時(shí)在時(shí)間上強(qiáng)調(diào)"過去的過去"；而一般過去時(shí)只強(qiáng)調(diào)過去某一特定的時(shí)間。試比較：They had arr

27、ived at the station by ten yesterday.They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.2. 在沒有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語作標(biāo)志時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞動(dòng)作發(fā)生的時(shí)間先后須依據(jù)上下文來判斷：先發(fā)生的用過去完成時(shí)，后發(fā)生的則用一般過去時(shí)。如：She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too. She had just won the first in the composition competition.3. 當(dāng)兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上接連發(fā)生的動(dòng)作用 and 或 b

28、ut 連接時(shí)，按時(shí)間順序，只需用一般過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)；另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引導(dǎo)的從句中，由于這些連詞本身已經(jīng)表示出時(shí)間的先后，因此也可以用過去時(shí)來代替過去完成時(shí)。如：He entered the room, turned on the light and read an evening paper.I (had) called her before I left the office.過去完成時(shí)用法之表未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法過去完成時(shí)可表示過去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的想法和打算，通常連用的動(dòng)詞是 want, think, hope, plan, mean, exp

29、ect, intend, suppose 等：I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想來，但有事就沒有來。I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想發(fā)言，但時(shí)間不允許。We had hoped that you would come to see us, but you didnt. 我們本想你來看我們的，但你沒有來。過去完成時(shí)練習(xí)題1. 單項(xiàng)選擇1He asked me _ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B.

30、where I had goneC. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What _ Jane _ by the time he was sever?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She _lived here for _ years.A. had, a few B. has, seve

31、ral C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I _ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she _ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _ themselves _ the army duri

32、ng the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, fromC. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he _.A. has completed university B. has completed the universityB. had completed an university D. had completed university9. She had written a number of books _ the end of la

33、st year.A. for B. in C. by D. at10. He _ to play _ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the pianoC. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano.11. What _ Annie _ by the time he was ten?A. did, do B. did, did C. has, done D. had done12 .He _ in the factory for three years befo

34、re he joined the Army.A. has worked B. works C. had worked D. will work13. By the end of last week, they _ the bridge.A. has completed B. completed C. will complete D. had completed14. Ben hates playing _ violin, but he likes playing _ football.A. athe B. the the C. / the D. the/15. By the time he w

35、as 4, he _ a lot of German words.A. had learned B. has learned C. learned D. learns16 .Jim turned off the lights and then _ the classroom.A. was left B. had left C. has left D. left17.They _ in Guangzhou since 2000.A. lived B. had lived C. have lived D. were living18. The train from Beijing_ ten min

36、utes ago.A. has arrived B. was arriving C. arrived D. had arrived19. The students _ their classroom when the visitors arrived.A . have cleaned B. had cleaned C. was cleaned D. have been cleaned20. Fergie_ the project in one hour.A. have finished B. will finish C. finishes D. has finished21. The man

37、_ his coat and went out.A. put on B. had put on C. will put on D. was putting on22 My mother_ in that factory at the age of 18.A. had worked B. has worked C. worked D. works23. Dad _ while he _ TV.A .fell asleepwatch B. was falling asleepwatched C. fell asleepwas watching D. had fallen asleepwatched

38、2.用動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1. We _ (paint) the house before we _ (move) in.2. That rich old man _ (make) a will before he _ (die).3. They _ (study) the map of the country before they _ (leave).4. The robbers _ (run away ) before the policemen _ (arrive).5. I _ (turn off) all the lights before I _ (go) to bed.6. Pa

39、ul _ (go) out with Jane after he _ (make) a phone call.7. Tom _ (say) he _ (read) the book twice.8. Our plan _ (fail ) because we _ (make) a bad mistake.9. When the chairman _ (finish) speaking, he _ (leave)the hall.10.The Reads _ _ (have) lunch when I _(get) to their house.11.When I _(arrive) at th

40、e station, he _(leave).12.We _(learn) about 4000 English words by the end of last term.13. I waited until he _(finish) his homework.14. We were surprised at what she _already _(do)15.She _(not go) to Qingdao because she _ (go) there before.16. He _(not tell) you the news yet.17. He said he _already_

41、(give) the book to the teacher.18. I _(be) to Shanghai before.19. She told me she _(be) to Sanya three times.20.She _(play) the guitar while her sister_(sing). 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)1.說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作eg They are having a football match.2.現(xiàn)階段一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作eg He is preparing for CET Band Six.3.表示說話人的情感，如贊許、批評(píng)等eg She is ofte

42、n doing well at school. 4.表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作eg Are you staying here till next week? 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)基本結(jié)構(gòu)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由 am/is/are 加現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成。例句：Theyre having a meeting. 他們?cè)陂_會(huì)。Im studying at an evening school. 我在上夜校。Mike is coming home on Thursday. 邁克星期四回來。Theyre having a party next week. 下星期他們將開一個(gè)晚會(huì)。Youre always interrupti

43、ng me! 你老打斷我的話!(抱怨)My father is always losing his car keys. 我爸老丟車鑰匙。(不滿)Shes always helping people. 她老是幫助別人。(贊揚(yáng))時(shí)態(tài)詳解：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)主要用來描述“說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，或是“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。它適用于下面的情況：1）“說話、寫文章的當(dāng)刻”正在發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。例如：They are having a football match .他們正在賽足球。She is writing her term paper. 她正在寫學(xué)期論文。Someone is asking for

44、 you on the phone. 有人找你聽電話。2）“現(xiàn)階段”一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。這種情況并不是說某個(gè)動(dòng)作在說話的那會(huì)兒正在發(fā)生，而是說某個(gè)動(dòng)作在當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)一直在進(jìn)行著，或是重復(fù)地發(fā)生著。例如：He is preparing for CET Band Six. 他在為大學(xué)英語六級(jí)考試作準(zhǔn)備。How are you getting along with your new job？ 你那份新工作干得怎么樣？3）表示說話人的情感，如：贊許、批評(píng)；喜歡、厭惡等。這時(shí)的動(dòng)作并不是正在發(fā)生或進(jìn)行，而是表示經(jīng)常性，相當(dāng)于“一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)”所描述的情況。例如：He is always thinking o

45、f others , not of himself . （表示贊許）他總是為他人著想，而不為自己。She is often doing well at school. （表示滿意）她在學(xué)校學(xué)習(xí)挺不錯(cuò)的。Are you feeling better today? （表示親切）你今天覺得好一些嗎？One of my roommates is constantly leaving things about.（表示不滿）我的一個(gè)室友老是亂扔?xùn)|西。Some sellers are often knocking at our door and promoting their products to us

46、.（表示不喜歡） 有些推銷員老是敲我家的門,向我們推銷他們的產(chǎn)品。4）表示在近期按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作,用于這種情況僅限于少量的動(dòng)詞，如：go , come , leave ,arrive , see , have , lunch( 吃午飯 ) , return, dine ( 進(jìn)餐，尤指晚餐 ) , work , sleep , stay , play , do , wear( 穿，戴 ) 等。例如：I'm dinning out with my friends this evening. 今晚我將和朋友在外面吃飯。An American professor is giving a

47、 lecture this afternoon. 今天下午一位美國教授要來作報(bào)告。We are having a holiday next Wednesday. 下周三我們放假。Are you staying here till next week? 你要在這兒呆到下星期嗎？ 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)用法之表將來現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表將來，主要表示按計(jì)劃或安排要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作：Im leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。Theyre getting married next month. 他們下個(gè)月結(jié)婚。現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)均可表示將來，區(qū)別是：用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示將來，其計(jì)劃性較強(qiáng)，并往往暗示一種意圖；而一般現(xiàn)在

48、時(shí)表示將來，則其客觀性較強(qiáng)，即通常被視為客觀事實(shí)，多指按時(shí)刻表或規(guī)定要發(fā)生的情況：Im not going out this evening. 今晚我不準(zhǔn)備出去。What time does the train leave? 火車什么時(shí)候開? 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)練習(xí)題一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞：play_run_swim_make_go_like_write_ ski_read_have_sing_dance_put_see_buy_love_live_take_come_get_stop_sit_begin_shop_二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a pic

49、ture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now. 4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing?She _(listen ) to music. 9. It's 5 o'clock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句) _ _2The students are cleaning the classro