大學(xué)商務(wù)英語(yǔ)綜合教程unit 1（課堂PPT）

1、.1Welcome toWelcome toEnglish ReadingEnglish Reading in Business in Business .2Objectives:To upgrade your English reading skills in businessTo review the fundamental knowledge in business .3Arrangement of the teaching process n Case analyses n Illustrate the relative knowledge of business n Reading

2、practice in business (based on the materials of textbook)n Review the terms of business .4Grade Evaluation Exams: Final 70% (Based on lecture notes and the text) Class activity and your attendance for each class is required: 30%.5.6.7.8.9Business is the human activity related涉及涉及 to material things.

3、 It is necessary for civilization. It is found in all societies, even the simplest ones. Business may include the production of goods: Making airplanes, building buildings, and constructing構(gòu)成構(gòu)成 paper boxes are examples of production. It can also provide the financing 理財(cái)融資理財(cái)融資 for these activities. L

4、ending money, trading stocks股份股份and bonds有息債券有息債券, and selling insurance保險(xiǎn)保險(xiǎn)policies relate to the securing獲得獲得 of capital資本資本for business activities. Other forms of business include merchandising買(mǎi)賣(mài)買(mǎi)賣(mài) , which is the selling of products, and providing various services, such as accounting會(huì)計(jì)會(huì)計(jì), distrib

5、uting分發(fā)分發(fā) , and repairs. Business, then, is the activity of producing and distributing goods and services.The Nature of Business.10.11.12.13 Social science concerned with Social science concerned with the production, distribution, the production, distribution, exchange, and consumption of exchange,

6、and consumption of goods and services. goods and services. .14Basis of Theories Basis of Theories 理論基礎(chǔ)：理論基礎(chǔ)： MicroeconomicsMicroeconomics微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)、 MacroeconomicsMacroeconomics宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué).15 微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)微觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(Microeconomics)(Microeconomics)：以單個(gè)經(jīng)：以單個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單位作為考察對(duì)象，研究單個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單位經(jīng)濟(jì)單位作為考察對(duì)象，研究單個(gè)經(jīng)濟(jì)單位經(jīng)濟(jì)行為以及經(jīng)濟(jì)變量的個(gè)量是怎樣決定與

7、變濟(jì)行為以及經(jīng)濟(jì)變量的個(gè)量是怎樣決定與變動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分支學(xué)科，它只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木，不見(jiàn)森動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分支學(xué)科，它只見(jiàn)樹(shù)木，不見(jiàn)森林，是謂林，是謂“蟲(chóng)瞰蟲(chóng)瞰”(worms eye)(worms eye)。 producer producer 生產(chǎn)者生產(chǎn)者supply supply 供給供給 consumer consumer 消費(fèi)者消費(fèi)者demand demand 需求需求 market structure market structure 市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu)市場(chǎng)結(jié)構(gòu).16 宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)(Macroeconomics)(Macroeconomics)：以整個(gè)：以整個(gè)國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)總體作為考察對(duì)象，研究社會(huì)總體國(guó)民經(jīng)

8、濟(jì)總體作為考察對(duì)象，研究社會(huì)總體經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題以及經(jīng)濟(jì)變量的總量是怎樣決定與經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題以及經(jīng)濟(jì)變量的總量是怎樣決定與變動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分支學(xué)科，它只見(jiàn)森林，不見(jiàn)變動(dòng)的經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)分支學(xué)科，它只見(jiàn)森林，不見(jiàn)樹(shù)木，是謂樹(shù)木，是謂“鳥(niǎo)瞰鳥(niǎo)瞰”(birds eye)(birds eye)。.17History of economic thought.18 The center themes:The center themes: The more precious metals a nation The more precious metals a nation had, the richer and more power

9、ful it had, the richer and more powerful it was.was. Encourage national self-suffiencyEncourage national self-suffiency the inspiration of several domestic the inspiration of several domestic polices: to keep wages low polices: to keep wages low To increase populationTo increase population To avoid

10、extravagancesTo avoid extravagances To encourage children to work at To encourage children to work at early ages.early ages.19 Economists and the their works: Adam Smith Wealth of Nations Thomas Robert Malthus An Essay on the Principle of Population David Ricardo Principles of Political Economy and

11、Taxation John Stuart Mill Principles of Political Economy Jean-Baptiste Say Treatise on Political Economy (Says law).20 Private property Private property Free marketsFree markets Principle of competitionPrinciple of competition To reconcile public benefit with To reconcile public benefit with indivi

12、dual pursuit of private gain by individual pursuit of private gain by “invisible hand”“invisible hand”.21 The explanation of The explanation of how rational self-how rational self-interest in a free-interest in a free-market economy market economy leads to economic leads to economic well-being.well-

13、being. .22 He is known for his dire He is known for his dire warnings against warnings against overpopulation, Malthus overpopulation, Malthus did not oppose did not oppose population growth per population growth per se. Rather, he opposed se. Rather, he opposed growth that would growth that would o

14、utstrip the food supply. outstrip the food supply. He predicted that He predicted that population would grow population would grow geometrically, while the geometrically, while the food supply would food supply would increase only increase only arithmetically, resulting arithmetically, resulting in

15、mass starvation.in mass starvation. .23 Diminishing-returns Diminishing-returns in agriculture in agriculture The Labor Theory of The Labor Theory of Value Value The Theory of The Theory of Comparative Comparative AdvantageAdvantage .24 Ricardo formulated the idea of Ricardo formulated the idea of c

16、omparative costs, today called comparative costs, today called comparative parative advantage. Comparative advantage is the main Comparative advantage is the main basis for most economists belief in basis for most economists belief in free trade today. The idea is this: a free trade today. The idea

17、is this: a country that trades for products country that trades for products that it can get at lower cost from that it can get at lower cost from another country is better off than if another country is better off than if it had made the products at home. it had made the products at home. .25 absolute advantageabsolute advantage refers to the ability of a party (an individual, or firm, or country) to produce more of a good or service than competitors, using